新时期作文教学走向的理性思考

新时期作文教学应以《语文课程标准》为指导,致力追求相应的作文教学新策略:坚持从人文分离走向人文合一的价值观;从立意本源走向生活本源的本源观;从以教师为中心走向以学生为主体的主体观;从线性的系统化走向非线性的模糊化的序列观;从僵化复制型思维走向多元创新思维的思维观以及从甄别选拔走向促进学生发展的评价观。

The Appearance of Ulva laetevirens(Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta) in the Northeast Coast of the United States of America

Introduced species may outcompete or hybridize with native species, resulting in the loss of native biodiversity or even alteration of ecosystem processes. In this study, we reported an alien distromatic Ulva species, which was found in an embayment(Holly Pond) connected with Long Island Sound, USA. The morphological and anatomical observations in combination with molecular data were used for its identification to species. Anatomy of collected specimens showed that the cell shape in rhizoidal and basal regions was round and the marginal teeth along the basal and median region were not found. These characteristics were primarily identical to the diagnostic characteristics of Ulva laetevirens Areschoug(Chlorophyta). The plastid-encoding tufA and nucleus-encoding ITS1 were used for its molecular identification. Phylogenetic analysis for the tufA gene placed the specimens from Holly Pond in a well-supported clade along with published sequences of U. laetevirens identified early without any sequence divergence. In ITS tree, the sample also formed well-supported clades with the sequences of U. laetevirens with an estimated sequence divergence among the taxa in these clades as low as 1%. These findings confirmed the morpho-anatomical conclusion. Native to Australia, this species was reported in several countries along the Mediterranean coast after the late of 1990 s. This is the first time that U. laetevirens is found in the northeast coast of United States and the second record for Atlantic North America.

Application of Geodetic Receivers to Timing and Time Transfer

Two methods for smoothing pseudorange observable by Carrier and Doppler are discussed. Then the procedure based on the RINEX observation files is tested using the Ashtech Z-XII3T geodetic receivers driven by a stable external frequency at UNSO. This paper proposes to adapt this procedure for the links between geodetic receivers, in order to take advantage of the P codes available on L 1 and L 2. This new procedure uses the 30-second RINEX observations files, the standard of the International GPS Service (IGS), and processes the ionosphere-free combination of the codes P 1 and P 2; the satellite positions are deduced from the IGS rapid orbits, available after two days.

Molecular identification and culture observation on Acrochaete leptochaete (Chaetophoraceae, Chlorophyta) from China

Acrochaete leptochaete （Huber） Nielsen （Chaetophoraceae, Chlorophyta） was isolated from the macroalgae Chaetomorpha collected from intertidal pools in Rongcheng, Shandong, China. 18S rDNA combined with ITS regions were used to ascertain the morphological identification of the isolated material. Based on the unialgal culture, asexual reproduction and growth characteristics of A. leptochaete were investigated over wide ranges of temperature and irradiance. Results revealed that asexual reproduction of A. leptochaete could be realized by biflagellate zoospores. The zoospores germinated directly to give self- replicating generations. Zoospore germination was bipolar. A temperature range from 13-21 ℃ and a lower irradiance of 36 μmol/（m2.s） were most favorable for the growth ofA. leptochaete. Thallus organization, an important taxonomic criterion for the genus Acrochaete, was affected markedly by temperature and irradiance. Our results extend the knowledge about the species＇ general biology and its morphological plasticity. For classification and identification of a simple microphytic algae like A. leptochaete, which are traditionally placed in the class Chaetophoraceae, we propose that molecular tools associated with culture observations are applied.

Optimal disturbances rejection control for singularly perturbed systems with time-delay

The optimal control design for singularly perturbed time-delay systems affected by external distur-bances is considered.Based on the decomposition theory of singular perturbation,the system is decom-posed into a fast subsystem without time-delay and a slow time-delay subsystem with disturbances.Theoptimal disturbances rejection control law of the slow subsystem is obtained by using the successive ap-proximation approach(SAA)and feedforward compensation method.Further,the feedforward and feed-back composite control(FFCC)law for the original problem is developed.The FFCC law consists of lin-ear analytic terms and a time-delay compensation term which is the limit of the solution sequence of theadjoint vector equations.A disturbance observer is introduced to make the FFCC law physically realiz-able.Numerical examples show that the proposed algorithm is effective.

The First Isolation of a Cyanophage-Synechococcus System from the East China Sea

A cyanophage strain and its host Synechococcus were isolated from the East China Sea. The host Synechococcus sp. S J01 was characterized by its 16S rRNA, ITS, andpsbA gene sequences as well as by its morphological appearance and pigmentation. The cyanophage, strain S-SJ2, was able to cause a lytic infection of the coastal Synechococcus. TEM of negative-stained specimens showed that the phage isolate has an isometric head with a diameter of 68 nm and a long tail with a length of 280 nm. The cyanophage-Synechococcus system from the East China Sea shares many properties with other marine cyanophage-Synechocoecus systems worldwide.

Progress in Research on Homogenization of Climate Data

The observation data from ground surface meteorological stations is an important basis on which climate change research is carried out, while the homogenization of the data is necessary for improving the quality and homogeneity of the time series. This paper reviews recent advances in the techniques of identifying and adjusting inhomogeneity in climate series. We briefly introduce the results of applying two commonly accepted and well-developed methods (RHtest and MASH) to surface climate observations such as temperature and wind speed in China. We then summarize current progress and problems in this field, and propose ideas for future studies in China. Along with collecting more detailed metadata, more research on homogenization technology should be done in the future. On the basis of comparing and evaluating advantages and disadvantages of different homogenization methods, the homogenized climate data series of the last hundred years should be rebuilt.

Pattern recognition and prediction study of rock burst based on neural network

Many monitoring measures were used in the production field for predicting rockburst.However, predicting rock burst according to complicated observation data is alwaysa pressing problem in this research field.Though the critical value method gets extensiveapplication in practice, it stresses only on the superficial change of data and overlooks alot of features of rock burst and useful information that is concealed and hidden in the observationtime series.Pattern recognition extracts the feature value of time domain, frequencydomain and wavelet domain in observation time series to form Multi-Feature vectors,using Euclidean distance measure as the separable criterion between the same typeand different type to compress and transform feature vectors.It applies neural network asa tool to recognize the danger of rock burst, and uses feature vectors being compressedto carry out training and studying.It is proved by test samples that predicting precisionshould be prior to such traditional predicting methods as pattern recognition and critical indicatormethod.

The Application of Multiquadric Function Fitting to Borehole Strain Time Series Data Processing

Based on the existing continuous borehole strain observation,the multiquadric function fitting method was used to deal with time series data. The impact of difference kernel function parameters was discussed to obtain a valuable fitting result,from which the physical connotation of the original data and its possible applications were analyzed.Meanwhile,a brief comparison was made between the results of multiquadric function fitting and polynomial fitting.

Apparent Stress Changes of the 2010 Luanxian Earthquake Sequence

On March 6,2010,an earthquake of M L4. 5 took place in Luanxian,Hebei Province,with plenty of foreshocks and aftershocks. From December 2009 to March 2010,a series of M L≥ 2. 5 earthquakes were recorded by the digital seismic network of the capital region,which were selected to calculate the apparent stress in this region. The results show that,firstly,a high value anomaly of apparent stress appeared before the M L4. 5 and peak value appeared on the main shock, which then decreased after the ML4. 5 earthquake. The apparent stress of the main shock is much greater than that of most aftershocks,the sequence type is considered as a main shock-aftershock. Secondly,the size of apparent stress perfectly reflects the state of the stress field in the hypocenter region,and we can discuss seismic sequence properties through the changing process of apparent stress,in combination with the traditional methods to identify a sequence more accurately. Finally,in the case of magnitude less than or equal to M L3. 3,correlation between magnitude and apparent stress is positive.

Long Time Series Observations from Antarctica with the International Concordia Explorer Telescope （ICE-T）

The Intemational Concordia explorer telescope （ICE-T） is a f/1.1 Schmidt telescope, 61 cm aperture, with two optical tubes equipped with identical charged coupled devices 10.3× 10.3 k, 9μ pixel size, ultra-wide-fieldwith a total FOV of 65 square degrees. Its aim is to operate at Dome C, the French-Italian Antarctic Station, taking advantage of the long winter night for continuous observations. It is optimized for high precision photometry in two separate filters Sloan g and Sloan i ranging from 100 mmag to 10 mmag （from 9 to16 mag）. Among the scientific tasks there are the detection of hot Jupiters and Super Earths with the transit method, and related magnetic activity of the hosting stars. The 4m Radom dome for ICE-T together with 3 foundation pillars and the cables bundle have been already successfully installed in January 2009.

时序实在何以不可能:非逆对麦克塔格特的隐喻

麦克塔格特通过提出A序列和B序列,质疑了时序的实在性。然而,彭罗斯的"共形循环宇宙学"与霍金的"无边界假设"不能被完全置于B序列之下。而且,在静态史瓦西黑洞视界附近自由下落观者与远处静止观者,对对方固有时的表观测量不是彼此的"逆"。作为B序列的基础,时间的空间化遭到破坏。研究发现,需要在A和B之外建立其他序列,以其"互补性"避免不相容场景。沿用麦克塔格特对时序命题真值的研究方法,本文论述了"非逆"隐喻将有助于对时序实在何以被破坏做出重新理解和哲学回应。

Homogenization of climate series:The basis for assessing climate changes

Long-term meteorological observation series are fundamental for reflecting climate changes.However,almost all meteorological stations inevitably undergo relocation or changes in observation instruments,rules,and methods,which can result in systematic biases in the observation series for corresponding periods.Homogenization is a technique for adjusting these biases in order to assess the true trends in the time series.In recent years,homogenization has shifted its focus from the adjustments to climate mean status to the adjustments to information about climate extremes or extreme weather.Using case analyses of ideal and actual climate series,here we demonstrate the basic idea of homogenization,introduce new understanding obtained from recent studies of homogenization of climate series in China,and raise issues for further studies in this field,especially with regards to climate extremes,uncertainty of the statistical adjustments,and biased physical relationships among different climate variables due to adjustments in single variable series.