空间螺旋形式及其在建筑参数化设计中的应用初探

本文从几何学的角度,对阿基米德螺旋线、对数螺旋线和大自然中的"生长序"进行分析和研究,对它们在建筑设计中的运用进行深入的探讨和解读,同时结合清华大学非线性建筑设计教学实践,对运用参数化技术来完成以螺旋线为"空间原型"的建筑设计,进行方法的总结与技术的探索。

基于工作岗位需求的田间试验与分析课程定位及设计

本文针对田间试验与分析课程在多数高职院校被定为作物生产技术专业、种子生产与经营专业的核心课程,对企事业单位相关职业岗位工作需求进行调研与分析,提出将田间试验与分析课程定位为高职作物生产技术专业的核心基础课程,是专业后续课程拓展学习和在专业领域内开展小课题研究的基础,并论述农业试验职业岗位工作流程与田间试验与分析课程的序化设计。

Decomposition-Based Visual Function Specification and Auto-Generation of Function

On the software module, this paper proposes a visual specification language(VSL). Based on decomposition, the language imitates men's thinking procedure that decomposes aproblem into smaller ones, then independently solves the results of every small problem to get theresult of original problem (decomposition and synthesis). Besides, the language mixes visual withspecification. With computer supporting, we can implement the software module automatically. It willgreatly improve the quality of software and raise the efficiency of software development. Thesimple definition of VSL, the principle of auto-generation, an example and the future research areintroduced.

Visual object-oriented application for lane following on intelligent highway system

A visual object-oriented software for lane following on intelligent highway system (IHS) is proposed. According to object-oriented theory, 3 typical user services of self-check, transfer of human driving and automatic running and abnormal information input from the sensors are chosen out. In addition, the functions of real-time display, information exchanging interface, determination and operation interweaving in the 3 user services are separated into 5 object-oriented classes. Moreover, the 5 classes are organized in the visual development environment. At last, experimental result proves the validity and reliability of the control application.

Implementation of a new PC based controller for a PUMA robot

This paper describes the replacement of a controller for a programmable universal machine for assembly (PUMA) 512 robot with a newly designed PC based (open architecture) controller employing a real-time direct control of six joints. The original structure of the PUMA robot is retained. The hardware of the new controller includes such in-house designed parts as pulse width modulation (PWM) amplifiers, digital and analog controllers, I/O cards, signal conditioner cards, and 16-bit A/D and D/A boards. An Intel Pentium IV industrial computer is used as the central controller. The control software is implemented using VC++ programming language. The trajectory tracking performance of all six joints is tested at varying velocities. Experimental results show that it is feasible to implement the suggested open architecture platform for PUMA 500 series robots through the software routines running on a PC. By assembling controller from off-the-shell hardware and software components, the benefits of reduced and improved robustness have been realized.

Impact of Seasalt Deposition on Acid Soils in Maritime Regions

The characteristics of seasalt deposition and its impact on acid soils in maritime regions are reviewed. It is pointed out that studies involving the impact of seasalt deposition on acid soils have been concentrated on short-term effects on soil and water acidification. A deep consideration of long-term effects on soil acidification in maritime regions is still needed.

Automation in detection of recirculation in a booster fan ventilation network

Recirculation is prohibited in many coal mining countries because of the fear that the re-use of return air would allow the build-up of air contaminants at the workings. The incorrect design and location of a booster fan in any ventilation network can create unsafe condition due to recirculation. The current approach to investigating recirculation using simulation software requires manual effort which becomes tedious in a complex and a large network. An algorithm-based C++ program was designed to detect the recirculation in a booster fan ventilation networks. This program needed an input file prepared from output file generated by any ventilation simulator. This program created an output file for recirculation. This program demonstrated the strong capability to detect the recirculation in a sample network and a coal mine ventilation network. The outcomes of this program were documented in this paper.

Immune modelling and programming of a mobile robot demo

An artificial immune system was modelled with self/non-self selection to overcome abnormity in a mobile robot demo. The immune modelling includes the innate immune modelling and the adaptive immune modelling. The self/non-self selection includes detection and recognition, and the self/non-self detection is based on the normal model of the demo. After the detection, the non-self recognition is based on learning unknown non-self for the adaptive immunization. The learning was designed on the neural network or on the learning mechanism from examples. The last step is elimination of all the non-self and failover of the demo. The immunization of the mobile robot demo is programmed with Java to test effectiveness of the approach. Some worms infected the mobile robot demo, and caused the abnormity. The results of the immunization simulations show that the immune program can detect 100% worms, recognize all known Worms and most unknown worms, and eliminate the worms. Moreover, the damaged files of the mobile robot demo can all be repaired through the normal model and immunization. Therefore, the immune modelling of the mobile robot demo is effective and programmable in some anti-worms and abnormity detection applications.

Nano-surface Engineering for Remanufacturing Application

As system of a serial of technologies and engineering activities, remanufacturing aims at restoring and rebuilding waste machinery through advanced technologies and industrialized measures under the direction of the product total life cycle theory. With the development of surface engineering, nano-surface engineering has been one subject of intensive studies. In addition, nano-surface engineering has become an important means for property reforming and promoting of remanufacturing parts. Many low-dimension and nano-size or nano-structure functional coatings, which can improve materials properties evidently, are deposited by new methods. In this paper, some researches about the new achievement and remanufacturing application of the nano-stmctured coatings by different nano-surface engineering technologies in our laboratory were introduced. Especially, nano-structured DLC multilayer coatings by d.c. plasma CVD, nano-composed Al2O3/Ni, SiC/Ni and Diamond/Ni coatings by brush plating, and nano-composed Al2O3/TiO2 coating by plasma spraying were introduced in detail.

Rapid Service-Oriented Business Process Generation Method Based on Ontology

Service-oriented business process generation is a key activity in the ServiceOriented Architecture(SOA)business lifecycle,and most of the other activities such as application execution depend on the business process being developed.After the business requirements are acquired,a developer has to use specific programming technologies to orchestrate web services to generate a deployable business process.It is time-consuming to specify all the business processes from lowlevel web services,especially for an enterprise that focuses on a series of similar businesses.This paper proposes a rapid service-oriented business process generation method with domain-specific assets specified in ontology systems.Assets with different levels of granularity are reused to refine the high level business process framework for executable business processes using the Business Process Executional Language(BPEL).The new methodology significantly simplifies service-oriented business process generation by reusing assets to construct business processes.A business process generation tool is also implemented to support the efficient visual design of SOA processes with the proposed method.This paper verifies the proposed method using a shipment tracking case.The studies show that the number of reusable assets increases significantly as these projects progress,and the business process generation speed also increases at the same time.

Value Generation through Integrated Teams： A Socio-Cognitive Approach

Value generation is defined as meeting client requirements while minimizing waste. Researchers concur on the issues related to sequential design in handling client requirements, and suggest the use of an integrated design approach as an alternative. Little has been said, however, about the impact of adopting integrated design＇s work organization to traditional design practice, processes and tools, nor about the importance of breaking down socio-cognitive barriers related to mental model fragmentation between design professionals, clients and users. This may result in cognitive inertia, a major source of waste. The objective of this research is to develop and test the introduction of boundary objects, such as new technologies, to the context of integrated teams and organizations to break the cognitive inertia that hinders value generation. The research is conclusive about the effectiveness of using boundary objects to transform practices in construction. This research also contributes to a better understanding of the new purposes of construction projects by framing its context and process dimensions within a theoretical framework, as well as to the evolution of practices in construction - and of practices that could be applicable to other fields.

CONVEXIFICATION AND CONCAVIFICATION METHODS FOR SOME GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS

In this paper, firstly, we propose several convexification and concavification transformations to convert a strictly monotone function into a convex or concave function, then we propose several convexification and concavification transformations to convert a non-convex and non-concave objective function into a convex or concave function in the programming problems with convex or concave constraint functions, and propose several convexification and concavification transformations to convert a non-monotone objective function into a convex or concave function in some programming problems with strictly monotone constraint functions. Finally, we prove that the original programming problem can be converted into an equivalent concave minimization problem, or reverse convex programming problem or canonical D.C. programming problem. Then the global optimal solution of the original problem can be obtained by solving the converted concave minimization problem, or reverse convex programming problem or canonical D.C. programming problem using the existing algorithms about them.

Multi-objective optimization of shock control bump on a supercritical wing

Based on the supercritical ＂wingl＂ which was released in the DPW-III conference, multi-objective optimization has been done to increase the lift-drag ratio at cruise condition and improve transonic buffet boundary and drag-rise performance. Hicks-Henne shape functions are used to represent the bump shape. In the design optimization to increase lift-drag ratio, the objectives involve the cruise point and three other off-design points nearby. In the other optimization process to improve buffet and drag-rise performance, three buffet onset points near the cruise point and one drag-rise point are selected as the design points. Non-dominating sort genetic algorithm II （NSGA-II） is used in both processes. Additionally, individual analysis for every selected point on the Pareto frontier is conducted in order to avoid local convergence and achieve global optimum. Re- sults of optimization for aerodynamic efficiency show a decrease of 11 counts in drag at the cruise point. Drag at nearby off-design points are also reduced to some extent. Similar approaches are made to improve buffet and drag-rise characteristics, resulting in significant improvements in both ways.

Multi-objective optimization of the streamlined head of high-speed trains based on the Kriging model

As the running speed of high-speed trains increases, aerodynamic drag becomes the key factor which limits the further increase of the running speed and energy consumption. Aerodynamic lift of the trailing car also becomes the key force which affects the amenity and safety of the train. In the present paper, a simplified CRH380A high-speed train with three carriages is chosen as the model in order to optimize aerodynamic drag of the total train and aerodynamic lift of the trailing car. A constrained mul- ti-objective optimization design of the aerodynamic head shape of high-speed trains based on adaptive non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm is also developed combining local function three-dimensional parametric approach and central Latin hypercube sampling method with maximin criteria based on the iterative local search algorithm. The results show that local function parametric approach can be well applied to optimal design of complex three-dimensional aerodynamic shape, and the adaptive non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm can be more accurate and efficient to find the Pareto front. After optimization the aerodynamic drag of the simplified train with three carriages is reduced by 3.2%, and the lift coefficient of the trailing car by 8.24%, the volume of the streamlined head by 2.16%; the aerodynamic drag of the real prototype CRH380A is reduced by 2.26%, lift coefficient of the trailing car by 19.67%. The variation of aerodynamic performance between the simplified train and the true train is mainly concentrated in the deformation region of the nose cone and tail cone. The optimization approach proposed in the present paper is simple yet efficient, and sheds lights on the constrained multi-objective engineering optimization design of aerodynamic shape of high-speed trains.

A Chaotic Approach for the Bi-level Discrete Equilibrium Network Design Problem

A chaotic algorithm for providing a solution to the bi-level Discrete Equilibrium Network Design Problem （NDP） is discussed following an introduction of the Discrete Network Design Problem （DNDP） model and Chaos Optimization Algorithms （COA）. A description of the chaotic approach for the DNDP model is described in details. Then a numerical example for the DNDP is carried out to investigate the chaotic approach. The results have been encouraging, indicating that the chaotic approach has great potential ability in finding the optimal solution of DNDP models.

Enhancing MOEA/D with uniform population initialization,weight vector design and adjustment using uniform design

In order to exploit the enhancement of the multi- objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition （MOEA/D）, we propose an improved algorithm with uniform de- sign （UD）, i.e. MOEA/D-UD. Three mechanisms in MOEA/D-UD are modified by introducing an experimental design method called UD. To fully employ the information contained in the domain of the multi-objective problem, we apply UD to initialize a uniformly scattered population. Then, motivated by the analysis of the re- lationship between weight vectors and optimal solutions of scalar subproblems in the study of MOEND with adaptive weight ad- justment （MOEA/D-AWA）, a new weight vector design method based on UD is introduced. To distinguish real sparse regions from pseudo sparse regions, i.e. discontinuous regions, of the complex Pareto front, the weight vector adjustment strategy in MOEMD-UD adequately utilizes the information from neighbors of individuals. In the experimental study, we compare MOEA/D-UD with three outstanding algorithms, namely MOEA/D with the dif- ferential evolution operator （MOEA/D-DE）, MOEA/D-AWA and the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II （NSGA-II） on nineteen test instances. The experimental results show that MOEA/D-UD is capable of obtaining a well-converged and well diversified set of solutions within an acceptable execution time.

Robust optimization of nonlinear impulsive rendezvous with uncertainty

The optimal rendezvous trajectory designs in many current research efforts do not incorporate the practical uncertainties into the closed loop of the design.A robust optimization design method for a nonlinear rendezvous trajectory with uncertainty is proposed in this paper.One performance index related to the variances of the terminal state error is termed the robustness performance index,and a two-objective optimization model(including the minimum characteristic velocity and the minimum robustness performance index)is formulated on the basis of the Lambert algorithm.A multi-objective,non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm is employed to obtain the Pareto optimal solution set.It is shown that the proposed approach can be used to quickly obtain several inherent principles of the rendezvous trajectory by taking practical errors into account.Furthermore,this approach can identify the most preferable design space in which a specific solution for the actual application of the rendezvous control should be chosen.