蔗糖载体调控作物“源、库”分配的研究进展

蔗糖是植物光合作用及物质转运的主要形式,植物体内重要的信号物质,并且为植物生长代谢提供碳源与能量。而在蔗糖转运过程中,蔗糖载体(SUT)发挥着不可替代的作用。首先介绍了植物中"源、库、流"理论和蔗糖载体基因分离,阐述了蔗糖载体在蔗糖由"源"到"库"转运过程中发挥的作用,及与农艺性状的关系,并阐明蔗糖在植物体生长发育过程中的作用。归纳总结了蔗糖载体介导的蔗糖跨膜转运过程,进而探讨了蔗糖跨膜转运存在的问题。

A Model of a Single Electron Transistor of Metallic Tunneling Junctions and Its Validation

Based on the orthodox theory,a model of a single electron transistor （SET） of metallic tunneling junctions is built using the master equation method. Several parameters of the device, such as capacitance, resistance and temperature,are input into the model and thus the I-V curves are attained. These curves are consistent with those from other experiments; therefore, the model is verified. However, there still exists a difference between simulated results and experimental results,mainly comes from the stationary case of the master equation. In other words, precision of simulated results would be increased if the transient case of the master equation is considered. Moreover, the current increases exponentially at higher drain voltages, which is due to the fact that the barrier suppression is caused by the image charge potential.

加强科技成果转移转化助推水稻产业转型升级--广东省农业科学院水稻研究所成果转移转化工作探索与实践

促进科技成果转移转化是实施创新驱动发展战略的重要任务,对于推进产业结构调整具有重要意义。水稻科技成果与其他农业成果一样,有别于定型的工业产品,成果转移转化有其自身的特殊性和规律性。以广东省农业科学院水稻研究所成果转移转化工作为例,系统总结了加强科技成果转移转化的做法和取得的成效。“十三五”期间,通过完善成果转化分配办法,加强知识产权保护和成果宣传,构建、完善成果转移转化网,创新成果转移转化模式等措施,显著提高了成果转移转化能力。成功转移美香占2号、粤禾丝苗和19香等优质水稻品种73个,较“十二五”期间增加了160.7%;支撑了相关种子公司的发展,提升种子公司的竞争力和经营业绩;推动一大批优质水稻品种在生产上大面积应用,部分水稻品种成为行业标杆;带动了我国南方优质稻产业高速发展,助推水稻产业的转型升级,取得巨大的社会经济效益。文章对成果转移转化存在问题与不足进行分析,并根据作物生长“源库流”的理论,提出了进一步推进成果转移转化的对策建议。

VCN & Its Role of Engineering in Human Society

A novel broad concept of numbers was given out based upon the analyzing of numbers′ carrying rule. In international mathematics & computer science, all researches on numbers are only confined to same varying rule of the FCN (fixed carrying numbers). The concept of VCN (variable carrying numbers) was presented, and some applied examples of practice were given out. So the engineering application of VCN for n-figures is wider than that of FCN in human society.

Dynamic analysis of dam-reservoir-foundation interaction using finite difference technique

Time domain dynamic analysis of inclined dam-reservoir-foundation interaction was conducted using finite difference method （FDM）. The Timoshenko beam theory and the Euler-Bemoulli beam theory were implemented to draw out governing equation of beam. The interactions between the dam and the soil were modeled by using a translational spring and a rotational spring. A Sommerfeld＇s radiation condition at the infinity boundary of the fluid domain was adopted. The effects of the reservoir bottom absorption and surface waves on the dam-reservoir-foundation interaction due to the earthquake were studied. To avoid the instability of solution, a semi-implicit scheme was used for the discretization of the governing equation of dam and an explicit scheme was used for the discretization of the governing equation of fluid. The results show that as the slope of upstream dam increases, the hydrodynamic pressure on the dam is reduced. Moreover, when the Timoshenko beam theory is used, the system response increases.

Influential Factors in Employment Location Selection Based on “Push-Pull” Migration Theory—A Case Study in Three Gorges Reservoir Area in China

In China, farmers employed in non-farm work have become important socio-economic actors, but few studies have examined the farmers' perspective in making their work location choices. Based on "push-pull" migration theory, this paper utilizes sectional data from a 2013 survey of farmers in China's Three Gorges Reservoir area to empirically analyze the factors influencing migrant workers' choice of employment location. The results indicate that 60.46% of laborers have migrated from their home province, whereas 39.54% have remained in their home province. Focusing on personal, household, and community characteristics—in addition to the economic characteristics of the sample counties—multinomial logistic regression models reveal that farmer-laborers' employment location decisions are influenced by their personal capital endowment(age, years of education and social networks), family structure(the number of laborers, elders, children and students), home village characteristics(location, economic development level and the degree of relief of the land) and home county economic development level. Notably, male and female laborers' location decisions reveal a converging trend, and their differences are not pronounced. Per capita arable land area has little influence on location decisions, whereas the educational level of laborers has a significant impact. The results differ significantly from those found in previous studies.

An Introduction to the Latest-generation Spatial Database of Active Tectonics of China

Based on ArcGIS and MapInfo software, we digitized the active tectonics map (1:4,000,000) of China, which was compiled and revised by academician Deng Qidong, and built the spatial database of active tectonics of China. The database integrates rich active tectonic data, such as a catalogue of earthquakes with magnitude above 6.0, active faults, Quaternary basins, active folds and their associated attribute parameters, and implements scientific and effective management to this data. At the same time, the spatial database joins the spatial map data and the associated attribute data together, which implements the data query between spatial properties and attribute parameters and also makes it possible to perform spatial analysis with different data layers. These provide much convenience for earthquake study and allows engineering construction institutions to use this data in practical applications.

Active earth pressure acting on retaining wall considering anisotropic seepage effect

This paper presents a general solution for active earth pressure acting on a vertical retaining wall with a drainage system along the soil-structure interface. The backfill has a horizontal surface and is composed of cohesionless and fully saturated sand with anisotropic permeability along the vertical and horizontal directions. The extremely unfavourable seepage flow on the back of the retaining wall due to heavy rainfall or other causes will dramatically increase the active earth pressure acting on the retaining walls, increasing the probability of instability. In this paper, an analytical solution to the Laplace differential governing equation is presented for seepage problems considering anisotropic permeability based on Fourier series expansion method. A good correlation is observed between this and the seepage forces along a planar surface generated via finite element analysis. The active earth pressure is calculated using Coulomb's earth pressure theory based on the calculated pore water pressures. The obtained solutions can be degenerated into Coulomb's formula when no seepage exists in the backfill. A parametric study on the influence of the degree of anisotropy in seepage flow on the distribution of active earth pressure behind the wall is conducted by varying ratios of permeability coefficients in the vertical and horizontal directions,showing that anisotropic seepage flow has a prominent impact on active earth pressure distribution. Other factors such as effective internal friction angle of soils and soil/wall friction conditions are also considered.

A DFT+U study of the structures and reactivities of polar CeO_2(100) surfaces

Density functional theory calculations corrected by on-site Coulomb interactions were carried out o study the structures of polar CeO2 （100） surfaces as well as activities during catalytic CO oxidation. The stabilities of various CeO2 （100） termination structures are discussed, and calculated energetics are presented. The most stable Ce〇2 （100） surface was obtained by removing half the outermost full layer of oxygen and the surface stability was found to decrease as the exposed oxygen concentration was increased. Assessing the reaction pathways leading to different final products during CO oxidation over the most stable CeO2 （100） surface, we determined that the formation of carbonate species competed with CO2 desorption. However, during CO oxidation on the less stable CeO2 （100） surfaces having more exposed oxygen, the CO is evidently able to react with surface oxygen, leading to CO2 formation and desorption. The calculation results and electronic analyses reported herein also indicate that the characteristic Ce 4/ orbitals are directly involved in deter-mining the surface stabilities and reactivities.

Design and Implementation of Speaking English Exam System Based on C/S

This paper analyzes current status of teachers＇ speaking test, applies presently mature C/S system structure and oilers a network way for teachers＇ speaking exam. We provide the whole process of design and development in online speaking exam, illustrate several functional designs including item bank construction, auto-generating examination paper and test paper analysis and discuss various network programming development technology during teachers＇ speaking network examination intensively. Directed by software engineering theory, the system is finally designed and realized through feasible research, requirement analysis, general design, detailed design, and tests with popular system development language and powerful database management.

Kuhn＇s Notion of Theory Choice and the Dual-Process Theory of Cognition

In The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, Kuhn claimed that theory choice is a conversion experience and depends upon the personality or psychology of the individual scientist making the choice. Critics charged Kuhn with an irrational and a relativistic position concerning theory choice, arguing he advocated a subjective instead of an objective approach to how scientists choose one theory over another and thereby undercut epistemic accounts for the generation of scientific knowledge. In response to critics Kuhn insisted that his approach, although subjective, was still rational in that the criteria----vomposed of epistemic values--determining theory choice operate both objectively and subjectively. Recent work in cognitive neuropsychology, particularly in the dual-process theory of cognition, supports Kuhn＇s notion of theory choice. In this paper, I initially discuss Kuhn＇s approach to theory choice, along with criticism of it and his response to the criticism, followed by an examination of the dual-process theory of cognition. I then explore the application of dual-process theory to Kuhn＇s notion of theory choice, especially in terms of a historical case study from the biomedical sciences. I finally discuss briefly the implications of the dual-process theory for contemporary philosophy of science.

Reliability emulation of production system on longwall face

Based on the theory of random process and the characteristic of the functioning of a system component subject to a certain specific probability distribution, emulated the whole process of system production on Iongwall face was emulated, in which the methods of time pace and computer random emulation were adopted. The paper provides an objective basis for the analysis of a mining Iongwall face and the varied lines of effectiveness, machine stoppage rate and coal flow of components and system, and output etc.lt also offers some theories to improve productivity by discussing the application of the transformation plan and optimization of reasonable coal stock capacity, as well as selection of system equipment and matching optimization.

Relativistic Continuum Random Phase Approximation and Applications Ⅱ. Applications

The fully consistent relativistic continuum random phase approximation （RCRPA） has been constructed in the momentum representation in the first part of this paper. In this part we describe the numerical details for solving the Bethe-Salpeter equation. The numerical results are checked by the inverse energy weighted sum rules in the isoscalar giant monopole resonance, which are obtained from the constraint relativistic mean field theory and also calculated with the integration of the RCRPA strengths. Good agreement between them is achieved. We study the effects of the self-consistency violation, particularly the currents and Coulomb interaction to various collective multipole excitations. Using the fully consistent RCRPA method, we investigate the properties of isoscalar and isovector collective multipole excitations for some stable and exotic from light to heavy nuclei. The properties of the resonances, such as the centroid energies and strength distributions are compared with the experimental data as well as with results calculated in other models.

Scattering Theory of Current Noise in Nanoscale Devices with Electron-electron and Electron-phonon Interactions

In this paper, we derive a unified scattering theory model for current noise based on the equivalent contact model of the scattering region. Our model seamlessly covers the whole range of transport regimes from coherent transport to incoherent transport and it also includes the effects of Pauli exclusion and Coulomb interaction on shot noise.

Kuhnian Understanding of Incommensurability and Implications of Paradigmatic Conception of Knowledge in International Relations

In international relations theory （maybe more than in any other discipline of social sciences）, the paradigmatic construction of Thomas Kuhn and his model of incommensurability might be applied to the theoretical interpretation of phenomena; and it is one of the cornerstones of the methodological toolkit for the interpretation in this field. The paper explores the reason why Kuhn＇s understanding of incommensurability seems to be necessary for the conception of knowledge in international relations： the concept of incommensurability can be considered typical as it is meant to indicate a conflict, of one form or another, between theories. And the discipline of international relations is more than a perfect ground for considering this concept when one is having in mind the high degree of polarized debate among rivalry theoretical schools （for interpreting and describing the identical phenomena） that is present from the very beginning of the discipline. Recalling the Kuhnian conception of science in paradigmatic view with an aim for understanding--international relations theory, the paper analyzes furthermore his rejection of the traditional dichotomy between “objectivisn”and ＂subjectivism.＂

高温胁迫下棉花蕾铃脱落及耐高温育种研究进展

日益频发的高温热害天气是危害棉花生产的重要气候灾害,高温胁迫极易造成棉花蕾铃脱落,使棉花大幅度减产,耐高温育种是应对全球气候变暖的根本对策。本研究在总结高温对棉花造成的影响基础上,创造性地采用“源-流-库”理论来归纳前人的研究结果,展示了高温对棉花营养器官和生殖器官的影响以及二者之间的关系,并推论高温导致蕾铃脱落的生理原因。随后进一步利用该理论首次将前人的耐高温育种研究按照不同的切入点归纳为“开源”、“节流”与“强库”型策略,并总结了最新的棉花耐热分子生物学研究动态。最后针对以上研究中存在的具体问题提出了自己的见解与建议。

First experimental demonstration of an exact quantum search algorithm in nuclear magnetic resonance system

The success probability of searching an objective item from an unsorted database using standard Grover's algorithm is usually not exactly 1. It is exactly 1 only when it is used to find the target state from a database with four items. Exact search is always important in theoretical and practical applications. The failure rate of Grover's algorithm becomes big when the database is small, and this hinders the use of the commonly used divide-and-verify strategy. Even for large database, the failure rate becomes considerably large when there are many marked items. This has put a serious limitation on the usability of the Grover's algorithm. An important improved version of the Grover's algorithm, also known as the improved Grover algorithm, solves this problem. The improved Grover algorithm searches arbitrary number of target states from an unsorted database with full success rate. Here, we give the first experimental realization of the improved Grover algorithm, which finds a marked state with certainty, in a nuclear magnetic resonance system. The optimal control theory is used to obtain an optimized control sequence. The experimental results agree well with the theoretical predictions.