By inducing the typical inventory control problem - the bullwhip effect, this paper presents vendor managed inventory (VMI) control methods on the basis of traditional methods of inventory management methods, construc...By inducing the typical inventory control problem - the bullwhip effect, this paper presents vendor managed inventory (VMI) control methods on the basis of traditional methods of inventory management methods, constructs a VMI mathematics model, and analyzes the influence of VMI on inventory cost and channel profit. Finally, a special case is studied to verify that VMI is an effective supply chain strategy that can not only increase channel profit of supplier and customer but also improve full channel coordination, thereby reducing the bullwhip effect.展开更多
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different packaging methods on seed germination and vigor under a long-term bank storage condition, selecting suitable packaging materials and methods, and compre...This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different packaging methods on seed germination and vigor under a long-term bank storage condition, selecting suitable packaging materials and methods, and comprehensively estimate changes in seed vigor of seeds stored with different packaging materials. Hibiscus cannabinus L. seeds were stored in aluminium box, seed box, glass bottle, POlyethylene film bag, sack and kraft paper bag as packaging materials in a, long-term bank and tested for their seeds germinability, electrical conductivity and field seedling rate after 31 years. The results showed that the kenaf seeds with an initial germination rate of 88% exhibited the germination rates over 79.7% after being stored in the 6 packaging materials for 31 years, the germination rates of seeds packaged with paper bag and sack and of those sealed in film bag and aluminium box showed significantly decreased germination rates, while the seeds sealed in seed boxes and glass bottles exhibited non-significant decreases in seed germination rate, and their germination rates were still above 85%. Seed box and glass bottle were the packaging materials most suitable for long-term safe storage of kenaf seeds with a safe storage period long than 31 years.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to construct the full-length cDNA library for ger- minating seeds of Phyllostachys heterocycla [Method] Germinating seeds of P. hetero- cycla were used as experimental materials to constru...[Objective] This study aimed to construct the full-length cDNA library for ger- minating seeds of Phyllostachys heterocycla [Method] Germinating seeds of P. hetero- cycla were used as experimental materials to construct the full-length cDNA library by using Oligo-capping method. [Result] The constructed library has a total capacity of 6.5×10^6 recombinant clones, and a low proportion of clones without inserted frag- ments; the size of inserted fragments ranges between 0.3-5.0 kb, with strict classifi- cation and ideal consistency. Furthermore, the proportion of clones harboring long in- serted fragments （1.0-5.0 kb） is as high as 30%, achieving the standard for high- quality full-length cDNA library. [Conclusion] The full-length cDNA library of germinat- ing seeds of P. heterocycla was successfully constructed, which laid important foun- dation for the functional genomics research of bamboo plants.展开更多
The influence of various factors, mechanisms, and principles affecting runoff are summarized as periodic law, random law, and basin-wide law. Periodic law is restricted by astronomical factors, random law is restricte...The influence of various factors, mechanisms, and principles affecting runoff are summarized as periodic law, random law, and basin-wide law. Periodic law is restricted by astronomical factors, random law is restricted by atmospheric circulation, and basin-wide law is restricted by underlying surface. The commensurability method was used to identify the almost period law, the wave method was applied to deducing the random law, and the precursor method was applied in order to forecast runoff magnitude for the current year. These three methods can be used to assess each other and to forecast runoff. The system can also be applied to forecasting wet years, normal years and dry years for a particular year as well as forecasting years when floods with similar characteristics of previous floods, can be expected. Based on hydrological climate data of Baishan (1933-2009) and Nierji (1886-2009) in the Songhua River Basin, the forecasting results for 2010 show that it was a wet year in the Baishan Reservoir, similar to the year of 1995; it was a secondary dry year in the Nierji Reservoir, similar to the year of 1980. The actual water inflow into the Baishan Reservoir was 1.178 × 10 10 m 3 in 2010, which was markedly higher than average inflows, ranking as the second highest in history since records began. The actual water inflow at the Nierji station in 2010 was 9.96 × 10 9 m 3 , which was lower than the average over a period of many years. These results indicate a preliminary conclusion that the methods proposed in this paper have been proved to be reasonable and reliable, which will encourage the application of the chief reporter release system for each basin. This system was also used to forecast inflows for 2011, indicating a secondary wet year for the Baishan Reservoir in 2011, similar to that experienced in 1991. A secondary wet year was also forecast for the Nierji station in 2011, similar to that experienced during 1983. According to the nature of influencing factors, mechanisms and forecasting methods and the service objects, mid-to long-term hydrological forecasting can be divided into two classes:mid-to long-term runoff forecasting, and severe floods and droughts forecasting. The former can be applied to quantitative forecasting of runoff, which has important applications for water release schedules. The latter, i.e., qualitative disaster forecasting, is important for flood control and drought relief. Practical methods for forecasting severe droughts and floods are discussed in this paper.展开更多
文摘By inducing the typical inventory control problem - the bullwhip effect, this paper presents vendor managed inventory (VMI) control methods on the basis of traditional methods of inventory management methods, constructs a VMI mathematics model, and analyzes the influence of VMI on inventory cost and channel profit. Finally, a special case is studied to verify that VMI is an effective supply chain strategy that can not only increase channel profit of supplier and customer but also improve full channel coordination, thereby reducing the bullwhip effect.
文摘This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different packaging methods on seed germination and vigor under a long-term bank storage condition, selecting suitable packaging materials and methods, and comprehensively estimate changes in seed vigor of seeds stored with different packaging materials. Hibiscus cannabinus L. seeds were stored in aluminium box, seed box, glass bottle, POlyethylene film bag, sack and kraft paper bag as packaging materials in a, long-term bank and tested for their seeds germinability, electrical conductivity and field seedling rate after 31 years. The results showed that the kenaf seeds with an initial germination rate of 88% exhibited the germination rates over 79.7% after being stored in the 6 packaging materials for 31 years, the germination rates of seeds packaged with paper bag and sack and of those sealed in film bag and aluminium box showed significantly decreased germination rates, while the seeds sealed in seed boxes and glass bottles exhibited non-significant decreases in seed germination rate, and their germination rates were still above 85%. Seed box and glass bottle were the packaging materials most suitable for long-term safe storage of kenaf seeds with a safe storage period long than 31 years.
基金Supported by Specialized Fund for the Basic Research Operating Expenses Program of International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan(163201300812618-7)Special Fund for Research and Development of Forestry Nonprofit Industry(200704001)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to construct the full-length cDNA library for ger- minating seeds of Phyllostachys heterocycla [Method] Germinating seeds of P. hetero- cycla were used as experimental materials to construct the full-length cDNA library by using Oligo-capping method. [Result] The constructed library has a total capacity of 6.5×10^6 recombinant clones, and a low proportion of clones without inserted frag- ments; the size of inserted fragments ranges between 0.3-5.0 kb, with strict classifi- cation and ideal consistency. Furthermore, the proportion of clones harboring long in- serted fragments （1.0-5.0 kb） is as high as 30%, achieving the standard for high- quality full-length cDNA library. [Conclusion] The full-length cDNA library of germinat- ing seeds of P. heterocycla was successfully constructed, which laid important foun- dation for the functional genomics research of bamboo plants.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation(No.50879028)Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering of Nanjing Hydraulic Research institute(No.2009491311)+1 种基金Open Research Fund Program of State key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering,Tsinghua University(No.sklhse-2010-A-02)Application Foundation Items of Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province(No.2011-05013)
文摘The influence of various factors, mechanisms, and principles affecting runoff are summarized as periodic law, random law, and basin-wide law. Periodic law is restricted by astronomical factors, random law is restricted by atmospheric circulation, and basin-wide law is restricted by underlying surface. The commensurability method was used to identify the almost period law, the wave method was applied to deducing the random law, and the precursor method was applied in order to forecast runoff magnitude for the current year. These three methods can be used to assess each other and to forecast runoff. The system can also be applied to forecasting wet years, normal years and dry years for a particular year as well as forecasting years when floods with similar characteristics of previous floods, can be expected. Based on hydrological climate data of Baishan (1933-2009) and Nierji (1886-2009) in the Songhua River Basin, the forecasting results for 2010 show that it was a wet year in the Baishan Reservoir, similar to the year of 1995; it was a secondary dry year in the Nierji Reservoir, similar to the year of 1980. The actual water inflow into the Baishan Reservoir was 1.178 × 10 10 m 3 in 2010, which was markedly higher than average inflows, ranking as the second highest in history since records began. The actual water inflow at the Nierji station in 2010 was 9.96 × 10 9 m 3 , which was lower than the average over a period of many years. These results indicate a preliminary conclusion that the methods proposed in this paper have been proved to be reasonable and reliable, which will encourage the application of the chief reporter release system for each basin. This system was also used to forecast inflows for 2011, indicating a secondary wet year for the Baishan Reservoir in 2011, similar to that experienced in 1991. A secondary wet year was also forecast for the Nierji station in 2011, similar to that experienced during 1983. According to the nature of influencing factors, mechanisms and forecasting methods and the service objects, mid-to long-term hydrological forecasting can be divided into two classes:mid-to long-term runoff forecasting, and severe floods and droughts forecasting. The former can be applied to quantitative forecasting of runoff, which has important applications for water release schedules. The latter, i.e., qualitative disaster forecasting, is important for flood control and drought relief. Practical methods for forecasting severe droughts and floods are discussed in this paper.
