基于正面碰撞实验的胸部损伤有限元分析

安全带的逐步使用极大地提高了车内乘员的安全性,但最近的交通事故研究表明,在正面碰撞工况下,乘员胸部损伤的防护效率还需要进一步提升.利用已验证生物逼真度的人体有限元模型和PMHS(post mortem human subjects)实验结果,建立配有安全带的乘员有限元分析模型,研究在不同碰撞工况下安全带定位设计参数对胸部变形量和肋骨应力应变响应等损伤相关物理参数的影响,并提出在安全设计中为改进防护效率,有效减少胸部损伤风险的一种虚拟试验方法.参考PMHS实验,基于全球人体有限元模型建立了一个基准佩带有限元人体模型,结合实验中测试的运动学响应、安全带的拉伸力和胸部变形量指标验证其生物逼真度.通过参数分析研究正面碰撞中安全带高度位置、安全带角度和碰撞速度对乘员胸部损伤的影响.结果表明胸廓应力应变分布及胸部变形量对安全带的高度位置更加敏感,基于安全带设计参数变化预测的胸部变形量宏观指标和应力应变的微观指标的变化趋势一致.对乘员安全带相关的胸部损伤研究提供虚拟设计分析方法,相关胸部损伤机理的研究结果可为今后约束系统的优化设计提供参考.

3D Finite Element Simulation of Tunnel Boring Machine Construction Processes in Deep Water Conveyance Tunnel

Applying stiffness migration method,a 3D finite element mechanical model is established to simulate the excavation and advance processes.By using 3D nonlinear finite element method,the tunnel boring machine(TBM) excavation process is dynamically simulated to analyze the stress and strain field status of surrounding rock and segment.The maximum tensile stress of segment ring caused by tunnel construction mainly lies in arch bottom and presents zonal distribution.The stress increases slightly and limitedly in the course of excavation.The maximum and minimum displacements of segment,manifesting as zonal distribution,distribute in arch bottom and vault respectively.The displacements slightly increase with the advance of TBM and gradually tend to stability.

Structural Stress Identification Using Fuzzy Pattern Recognition and Information Fusion Technique

In order to ensure the service security of space structures under wind load, the stress identification method based on the combination of fuzzy pattern recognition and information fusion technique is proposed, in which the measurements of limited strain sensors arranged on the structure are used. Firstly, the structure is divided into several regions according to the similarity and the most unfavorable region is selected to be the key region for stress identification, while the different numbers of the strain sensors are located on the key region and the normal regions; secondly, the different stress distributions of the key region are obtained based on the measurements of the strain sensors located on the key region and the normal regions separately, in which the fuzzy pattern recognition is used to identify the different stress distributions; thirdly, the stress distributions obtained by the measurements of sensors in normal regions are selected to calculate the synthesized stress distribution of the key region by D-S evidence theory; fourthly, the weighted fusion algorithm is used to assign the different fusion coefficients to the selected stress distributions obtained by the measurements of the normal regions and the key region, while the synthesized stress distribution of the key region can be obtained. Numerical study on a lattice shell model is carried out to validate the reliability of the proposed stress identification method. The simulated results indicate that the method can improve identification accuracy and be effective by different noise disturbing.

Simulation and prediction in laser bending of silicon sheet

The laser bending of single-crystal silicon sheet （0.2 mm in thickness） was investigated with JK701 Nd：YAG laser. The models were developed to describe the beam characteristics of pulsed laser. In order to simulate the process of laser bending, the FEM software ANSYS was used to predict the heat temperature and stress-strain fields. The periodic transformation of temperature field and stress-strain distribution was analyzed during pulsed laser scanning silicon sheet. The results indicate that the mechanism of pulsed laser bending silicon is a hybrid mechanism in silicon bending, rather than a simple mechanism of TGM or BM. This work also gets silicon sheet bent after scanning 6 times with pulsed laser, and its bending angle is up to 6.5°. The simulation and prediction results reach well agreement with the verifying experiments.

Stress redistribution of simply supported reinforced concrete beams under fire conditions

This study presents experimental and numerical investigations of simply supported steel reinforced concrete(RC)beams under fire.The temperature field of cross sections,the vertical deflection at mid-span,and specifically the axial expansion displacement at beam-ends were measured during the fire tests.A novel finite element(FE)model of a RC beam under fire was developed,in which the water loss in the heat transfer analysis and the concrete transient strain in the mechanical analysis were considered.Based on the validated FE model proposed in this study,parametric studies were conducted to investigate the effects of the beam type,the protective layer thickness,and the load ratio on the thermal and mechanical behavior of simply supported RC beams.It was found that greater fire resistance and fire performance of girder beams in comparison to secondary beams contributed to the non-structural reinforcements,which effectively compensated for the reduced tensile capacities of structural reinforcements because of the degradation of the material properties.In addition,the history of normal stress distributions of concrete under fire can be divided into three phases:expansion,stress redistribution and plateau phases.

Finite element analysis of rolling process for variable cross-section blade

Due to the variation of the blade cross-section, the deformation stress and strain of the workpiece keep changing during the rolling process and the conventional rolling theory is no longer valid. The complexity and diversity of the blade cross-section determine it impossible to establish an universal theoretical model for the rolling process. Finite element analysis(FEA) provides a perspective solution to the prediction. The FEA software DEFORM was applied to discovering the deformation, stress, strain and velocity field of the variable cross-section workpiece, and the effects of friction coefficient and rolling speed during the rolling process. which indicates that the average rolling force at friction coefficient of 0.4 is 6.5% higher than that at 0.12, and the rolling velocity has less effect on the equivalent stress and strain distribution, which would confer instructive significance on the theoretical study as well as the engineering practice.

The analysis for stress-strain characteristics of concrete cutoff wall built in deep cladding foundation

Combined with a proposed homogeneous earth dam in deep cladding foundation, Duncan E-B model is applied to simulate dam-filled material, apply to three-dimensional nonlinear finite element method, attain the stress-strain distribution and alteration in concrete cutoff wall in completion and water storage periods, analysis the stress state in the contact element between concrete cutoff wall and cladding foundation, provide the corresponding measures. The calculation results show that the design of concrete cutoff wall and homogeneous earth dam is reasonable.

Preliminary Study on Simulation of Global Seismic Activities with Global Strain Rate

The relationship between the strain rate field observed by GPS and global distribution of strong earthquakes is analyzed in this work. How do we recognize the characteristics of global seismic activities with space observation technology? A preliminary model of Cellular Automata that could simulate the global seismic activities both in time and space has been established based on the results of global strain rate field provided by the GSRM Program. The grid of the model is evenly divided,which is consistent with that of GSRM.The status of each cell is its strain state,and is adjusted according to the evolution rules.Maximum shear strain criterion is adopted in the evolution of the Cellular Automata. The threshold for cells in surface expansion is 80% of that for those in compression. The preliminary model could in general simulate the main characteristics of the distribution of the global seismic activities. It could exhibit in general the global distribution of weak and active tectonic activities. Although the preliminary Cellular Automata model needs to be improved in many aspects,the result suggests the possibility of modeling the general features of rather complicated global seismic activities based on the strain rates obtained by GPS and other observations.

Stress concentration in a finite functionally graded material plate

This paper is to study the two-dimensional stress distribution of a finite functionally graded material (FGM) plate with a circular hole under arbitrary constant loads. Using the method of piece-wise homogeneous layers, the stress analysis of the finite FGM plate having radial arbitrary elastic properties is made based on the complex variable method combined with the least square boundary collocation technique. Numerical results of stress distribution around the hole are then presented for different loading conditions, different material properties and different plate sizes, respectively. It is shown that the stress concentration in the finite plate is generally enhanced compared with the case of an infinite plate, but it can be significantly reduced by choosing proper change ways of the radial elastic modulus.