预应力变厚度中空板薄壁筒体结构在教学图书综合楼中的施工应用

预应力变厚度中空板BDF薄壁筒体实现了现浇钢筋混凝土空心楼盖,无梁、无柱帽,开间大,人性化,大大提高了建筑应用的灵活性和经济性,有着广阔的市场应用前景。

铝合金板材三向应力状态下的成形性能

基于覆层板椭圆液压胀形试验对铝合金2B06板材在三向应力作用下的成形性能进行了研究。通过不同椭圆长短轴比的椭圆胀形试验获取成形板材的等效应力-应变曲线,同时,改变包覆层板的材料和厚度,进而探究其对成形板材的流动性的影响。结果表明:在有包覆层板作用的情况下,发生颈缩时等效应力-应变曲线能够达到更大的应变量,并且随着凹模椭圆长短轴比的减小,流动应力曲线与圆(椭圆长短轴之比为1)胀形的曲线偏差也越来越大;当包覆层板的强度系数、加工硬化指数以及厚度越大时,成形板材受到包覆层板的厚度法向应力越大,试件壁厚分布也更加均匀。合适的包覆层板能够显著地改善成形板材的流动特性。

应力吸收层对沥青加铺层结构影响的数值模拟

在交通荷载以及温度作用下,水泥混凝土路面在加铺沥青混凝土面层后极易产生反射裂缝。为了延缓反射裂缝的产生,国内外学者研究发现,设置应力吸收层能够有效地延缓反射裂缝。文章采用Ansys有限元分析软件,研究不同厚度、不同模量的应力吸收层在交通荷载作用下对沥青加铺层层底应力以及变形规律。分析结果表明,设置应力吸收层可以极大延缓反射裂缝产生,单纯增加应力吸收层厚度的防裂效果不明显,并基此给出了在应力吸收层厚度模量方面选取的建议。

不同厚度翼型对气动特性及叶片强度的影响

在小雷诺数条件下，采用N—S方程研究了-4°～10°迎角下不同厚度翼型对气动特性的影响规律，迭代计算结果表明：厚度较小的翼型在某一小攻角下获得最大的升阻比。并利用Solidworks软件，分析了三种不同厚度翼型叶片的应力分布，结果表明，三种翼型叶片均满足强度要求。

铝合金覆层板成形极限图

提出一种创新的试验方法研究铝合金覆层板的成形极限图,即采用单拉试验获得成形极限图的左半区域,右半区域采用不同椭圆度的凹模得到不同应力状态下覆层板的成形极限应变,并且在成形极限图中引入方板对角拉伸试验数据,用于预测板材成形过程中起皱缺陷的产生,使成形极限图的预测功能更加完善。同时,进一步研究不同覆板材料和厚度对铝合金目标板材成形极限图的影响。研究结果表明:在覆层板方式下,目标板材成形极限图中的极限临界区向上移动,并向右移动,成形极限增大,并且成形极限图中起皱区域面积减小,抗失稳能力提高。成形过程选择强度系数K较高、加工硬化指数n较大及适当厚度的覆板有助于成形板材成形性能的提高。

Deflection and stress of hollow CRCP slab under concentrated vehicle load

Based on the equivalence principle of deflection and stress, the concentrated vehicle load which acts on the center of continuously reinforced concrete pavement （CRCP） is translated into the equivalent half-wave sine load by the Fourier transform. On the basis of this transform and the small deflection theory of elastic thin plates, the deflection and stress formulae of CRCP under the concentrated vehicle load with a hollow foundation are put forward. The sensitivity of parameters is analyzed. The results show that maximum deflection is directly proportional to the concentrated vehicle load and the slab width, and inversely proportional to the lateral bending stiffness and slab thickness. The effects of slab width and thickness are significant with regard to maximum deflection. Maximum stress is directly proportional to the concentrated vehicle load and the slab width as well as inversely proportional to slab thickness. The effect of slab thickness is significant with regard to maximum stress. According to the calculation results, the most effective measure to reduce maximum deflection and stress is to increase slab thickness.

Modified MK model combined with ductile fracture criterion and its application in warm hydroforming

A modified MK model combined with ductile fracture criterion（DFC-MK model） is proposed to compute the forming limit diagrams（FLDs） of 5A06-O aluminum alloy sheet at different temperatures.The material constant（C） of ductile fracture criterion and initial thickness imperfection parameter（f0） at various temperatures are determined by using a new computing method based on wide sheet bending test.The FLDs at 20 and 200 °C are calculated through the DFC-MK model.The DFC-MK model,which includes the influence of through-thickness normal stress,is written into the subroutine VUMAT embedded in Abaqus/ Explicit.The cylindrical cup hydroforming tests are carried out to verify the model.The results show that compared with experimental observations,the predicted FLDs based on DFC-MK model are more accurate than the conventional MK model;the errors between the simulations and experiments in warm hydroforming are 8.23% at 20 °C and 9.24% at 200 °C,which verify the effectiveness of the proposed model.

PET膜片压力胀型失效试验与有限元分析

膜片在压力胀型过程中失效形式主要为起皱和破裂。以PET膜片为研究对象搭建压力胀型试验台,获得膜片破裂时失效压力及失效位置。通过单向拉伸试验获得PET膜片室温下的应力-应变曲线,根据该曲线并利用Fortran语言编写程序来求解PET膜片三参数模型,并将此程序导入ABAQUS软件进行有限元分析。通过自由成型仿真与试验结果对比分析,表明仿真模型能准确反映PET膜片压力胀型成型性能。通过仿真PET膜片成型过程中的应力和厚度分布,分析试验中膜片出现的失效现象,为PET膜片压力胀型的工艺方案和结构设计提供理论指导。

2.5D角联锁织物厚向压缩特性的实验研究

以碳纤维2.5D衬经结构织物为例,初步研究了2.5D角联锁织物厚度方向压缩特性,利用万能材料试验机测得织物厚度与压缩应力的关系。研究发现,当压缩应力小于3 MPa时,经验指数取为3的多层平纹织物压缩模型可用于2.5D衬经织物厚度与压缩应力关系估算。在4种不同压缩应力下制备2.5D衬经结构复合材料,进一步观测经向和纬向截面内经纱、衬经纱和纬纱屈曲变化情况,引用纱线段局部屈曲角分布定量表征纱线的屈曲程度。结果发现:经纱的屈曲程度最高,随压缩应力的增加,经纱的屈曲程度降低;当压缩应力超过一定范围时,经纱屈曲程度反而增加,衬经纱和纬纱基本呈伸直状态,衬经纱屈曲程度增加,纬纱伸直度增加。

基于ABAQUS的TC4合金切削变形区有限元仿真

在不同的切削速度和平面应力应变厚度下,对工件切削变形区的温度和切削力进行了研究。基于弹塑性有限元理论建立TC4合金的二维有限元模型,运用ABAQUS有限元分析软件对TC4合金进行了弹塑性仿真分析。通过分析工件切削变形区的温度变化云图和切削力变化曲线可知:切削速度的变化对工件切削变形区的温度影响较大,平面应力应变厚度影响较小,切削力随着平面应力应变厚度的增加而变大。

Investigation on the stress field characteristic of top coal at FMTC faces under the influence of caving thickness

In the background of the technology condition and the geological condition of the 1151（3） fully mechanized top-coal caving face （FMTC face）, and by means of taking nonlinear 3D numerical simulation, the stress redistribution rules of top coal with different thick coal seam were obtained by investigation on the numerical simulation of the redistributions of the stress with different coal seam＇s thickness. The research showes that there exists a certain difference on the stress distributions of the top coal at face, the maximum principal stress is located near to the tailentry＇s corner. The vertical stress＇s peak of the top coal decreases and the distance ahead of face position increases as the once mining thickness of the coal seam increases. At the same coal seam, the vertical stresses＇ peak of top coal gradually decreases from the top to the bottom, the peak＇s position is basically the same and its changes are gradually obvious with the thickness of coal seam increas- ing. The vertical stress of top coal places in a low stress state at a certain range ahead of face and over the face, which reveals the essence that the support loads are generally low under the condition of FMTC. The study supplies the theoretical foundation for the support design and selection, the theory of top coal＇s fragmentation, the movement rules of top coal and improving the recovery of top coal.

Effect of insufficient tunnel crown thickness on the post-tensioned concrete lining of the Yellow River Crossing Tunnel and its strengthening schemes

The effect of deficiency in tunnel crown thickness on the Yellow River Crossing Tunnel with post-tensioned concrete inner lining was investigated by the elasto-plastic finite element method. Changes in the deformations and circumferential stresses of the post-tensioned concrete inner lining with the gradual decrease of the tunnel crown thickness were compared, and the potential bearing risk of insufficient tunnel crown thickness for the Yellow River Crossing Tunnel was revealed. Based on the finite element calculation results of circumferential stresses under different defective cases, the corresponding reinforcement schemes were proposed. The calculation results show that the inner lining can still maintain a satisfactory stress state when the tunnel crown thickness is equal to or greater than 0. 28 m. When the tunnel crown thickness decreases below 0.28 m, the external surface of the crown and internal surface of the crown＇s adjacent areas may be under tension. The tension stresses will incrementally increase and ultimately exceed the tensile strength of the inner lining concrete as the tunnel crown thickness further decreases gradually. Then, the Yellow River Crossing Tunnel cannot operate normally, and severe cracking, leaking or even failure may occur. When the tunnel crown thickness is equal to or greater than 0.28 m, the reinforcement suggestions are that the void spaces between the inner lining and the outer lining should be back-filled with concrete. When the tunnel crown thickness is less than 0. 28 m, the inner lining should be reinforced by steel plates after concrete back-filling.

Nonlinear dynamic response analysis of supercavitating vehicles

A finite element model for the supercavitating underwater vehicle was developed by employing 16-node shell elements of relative degrees of freedom.The nonlinear structural dynamic response was performed by introducing the updated Lagrangian formulation.The numerical results indicate that there exists a critical thickness for the supercavitating plain shell for the considered velocity of the vehicle.The structure fails more easily because of instability with the thickness less than the critical value,while the structure maintains dynamic stability with the thickness greater than the critical value.As the velocity of the vehicle increases,the critical thickness for the plain shell increases accordingly.For the considered structural configuration,the critical thicknesses of plain shells are 5 and 7 mm for the velocities of 300 and 400 m/s,respectively.The structural stability is enhanced by using the stiffened configuration.With the shell configuration of nine ring stiffeners,the maximal displacement and von Mises stress of the supercavitating structure decrease by 25% and 17% for the velocity of 300 m/s,respectively.Compared with ring stiffeners,longitudinal stiffeners are more significant to improve structural dynamic performance and decrease the critical value of thickness of the shell for the supercavitating vehicle.

Effect of fin attachment on thermal stress reduction of exhaust manifold of an off road diesel engine

The effect of fin attachment on the thermal stress reduction of exhaust manifold of an off road diesel engine(Komatsu HD325-6) was investigated.For doing this,coupled thermo-fluid-solid analysis of exhaust manifold of the off road diesel engine was carried out.The thermal analysis,including thermal flow,thermal stress,and the thermal deformation of the manifold was investigated.The flow inside the manifold was simulated and then its properties including velocity,pressure,and temperature were obtained.The flow properties were transferred to the solid model and then the thermal stresses and the thermal deformations of the manifold under different operating conditions were calculated.Finally,based on the predicted thermal stresses and thermal deformations of the manifold body shell,two fin types as well as body shell thickness increase were applied in the critical induced thermal stress area of the manifold to reduce the thermal stress and thermal deformation.The results of the above modifications show that the combined modifications,i.e.the thickness increase and the fin attachment,decrease the thermal stresses by up to 28% and the contribution of the fin attachment in this reduction is much higher compared to the shell thickness increase.

Flow property of AA2B06 sheet using overlapping elliptical bulge test

A novel experimental approach was presented, namely the overlapping elliptical bulge test, which can load and research thickness normal stress. Theoretical analysis model of the overlapping elliptical bulging was described, the equivalent stress?strain curves of target sheets with different ellipticity ratios were determined experimentally, and influences of the material performance and thickness of overlapping sheets on the flow property of the target sheet were also researched. The results show that, in the overlapping hydraulic bulge test, the equivalent stress?strain curve can be determined up to larger strains before necking than in the no overlapping hydraulic bulge test. And as the die ellipticity ratio decreases, the flow stress curves tend to move away from the curve obtained by circular (b/a=1) bulging test. Meanwhile, the flow property of the target sheet can be improved by choosing higher strength coefficient K, larger work hardening exponent n and proper thickness of the overlapping sheet.

Underground mining of thick coal seams

This paper reviews underground mining methods for total thickness of a thick coal seam in single lift （TI＇rCSSL）. Review shows the required engineering for extraction of thick seams needs to be fitted with thickness of the seam, behavior of rock-mass and surrounding stress conditions for efficient mining. Variants of TI＇rCSSL are able to extract a maximum 10-12 m thickness only. An improvement in bending moment of the overlying coal band in longwall top coal caving （LTCC） provides better under-winning opportunity for the roof coal band. An acceptable limit of 25 MPa compressive strength of coal for the success of LTCC may be increased under favorable geo-technical conditions. Bord and pillar in India adopted induced caving of roof coal band for single lift depillaring of total thickness （SLDTr） of a compe- tent thick coal seam developed along floor. Case studies are given to arrest the adverse effects of extrac- tion height on pillars.

Effects of thickness and elastic modulus on stress condition of fatigue-resistant coating under rolling contact

The distribution and magnitude of surface substrates were investigated by finite element method and subsurface stresses of the （FEM）. The models of coating single-layer sprayed-coatings on monolithic configurations with different thicknesses and elastic modulus ratios of coating to substrate were introduced, and the effects of thickness and elastic modulus ratio on the stresses were addressed. The calculation results show that the coating/substrate interface shear stress obviously decreases with increasing coating thickness, due to the location of the maximum shear stress moving away from the coating/substrate interface. At the same time, the magnitude of von Mises stress also declines in the case of thicker coatings. However, the high elastic modulus ratio results in extremely high maximum shear stress and the severe discontinuity of the von Mises stress curves, which leads to the intensive stress concentration on the coating/substrate interface. So the coating configurations with the larger coating thickness and lower difference of elastic modulus between coating and substrate exhibit excellent resistant performance of rolling contact fatigue （RCF）.

压力容器液压试验压力探讨

GB150《压力容器》给出了液压试验压力计算公式,并规定液压试验压力的最低值按该公式选取。通过理论和实例推导,得出液压试验过程中,厚度附加量越大,受压元件内的应力值越低,反之亦然。同时,提出压力容器液压试验压力值应充分考虑厚度附加量的影响,探讨提高液压试验压力的方法和可行性。

Tests and numerical simulation of aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils for general aviation applications

This paper was to validate the effects of airfoil thickness ratio on the characteristics of a family of airfoils. Research was carried out in different ways. First,tests were conducted in the wind tunnel. And numerical simulation was performed on the basis of tests. Results from calculation were consistent with tests,indicating that numerical method could help evaluate characteristics of airfoils. Then the results were confirmed by compared with empirical data. The study also showed that the determining factor of lift is not only the thickness ratio,but the angle of attack,the relative camber and the camber line. The thickness ratio appears to have little effect on lift coefficient at zero angle of attack,since the angle of zero lift is largely determined by the airfoil camber. According to the research,numerical simulation can be used to determine the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils in different environment such as in the dusty or humid air.

Caving thickness effects of surrounding rocks macro stress shell evolving characteristics

In order to explore the influence of different caving thicknesses on the MSS distributionand evolving characteristics of surrounding rocks in unsymmetrical disposal andfully mechanized top-coal caving (FMTC),based on unsymmetrical disposal characteristics,the analyses of numerical simulation,material simulation and in-situ observation weresynthetically applied according to the geological and technical conditions of the 1151(3)working face in Xieqiao Mine.The results show that the stress peak value of the MSS-baseand the ratio of MSS-body height to caving thickness are nonlinear and inverselyproportional to the caving thickness.The MSS-base width,the MSS-body height,theMSS-base distance to working face wall and the rise distance of MSS-base beside coalpillar are nonlinear and directly proportional to the caving thickness.The characteristics ofMSS distribution and its evolving rules of surrounding rocks and the integrated cavingthickness effects are obtained.The investigations will provide lots of theoretic referencesto the surrounding rocks' stability control of the working face and roadway,roadway layout,gas extraction and exploitation,and efficiency of caving,etc.