钛合金Ⅰ型裂纹应力强度因子测试的实验研究

采用疲劳裂纹预制机对含Ⅰ型缺口的TC4合金试件预制裂纹,通过数字图像相关方法观测试件在三点弯曲加载条件下裂纹的扩展过程及裂尖区域的位移场,将位移场数据带入裂尖位移场方程,计算裂尖位置和应力强度因子。结果表明,采用该方法可以准确测定钛合金的Ⅰ型裂纹应力强度因子、裂尖位置及裂纹扩展长度。该方法解决了以往研究中因不能准确测定裂纹尖端位置,而无法准确测定钛合金Ⅰ型裂纹应力强度因子的难题。

混凝土构件内Ⅰ型裂纹的一种断裂分析方法

本文在文^[1]的基础上采用裂纹线方法，从平衡方程和混凝土材料的破坏准则出发，对有限宽混凝土构件内受单向拉伸的1型微裂纹进行弹脆性断裂分析，分析过程中认为已扩展的脆断区应变能完全释放，得出了单向位应力的大小与微裂纹脆断区长度之间的关系。

奥氏体不锈钢三通裂纹分析

对与脱甲烷塔相连的奥氏体不锈钢管道三通上发现的裂纹性质与成因进行了试验分析。指出管件破裂基本上属氢脆引起的穿晶型解理开裂,即阴极型应力腐蚀破坏。三通冷加工成形后未经高温固溶处理,致使18-8型亚稳定钢中30%以上的奥氏体组织转变成马氏体组织;介质为未经脱硫的甲烷,含较多H2S;较高的加工残余应力、组织应力和应力集中;材料存在缺陷,是导致上述问题的主要原因。改进三通加工成形工艺,及时进行固溶处理,提高奥氏体不锈钢的稳定性,是避免裂纹的关键技术手段。此外,尚需严控介质中C l-离子和H2S含量,降低残余应力水平。

基于数字散斑相关方法测定Ⅰ型裂纹应力强度因子

提出了一种通过数字散斑相关方法测定金属材料Ⅰ型裂纹尖端位置和应力强度因子的实验方法。实验采用疲劳试验机对含Ⅰ型缺口的Cr12MoV钢试件预制裂纹,通过数字散斑相关方法测试试件在三点弯曲加载条件下裂纹的扩展过程及裂尖区域的位移场。将位移场数据代入裂尖位移场方程组,采用牛顿-拉普森方法求解含未知参量的裂尖非线性位移场方程组,计算裂尖位置和应力强度因子。实验结果表明,采用该方法可以准确地测定金属材料Ⅰ型裂纹应力强度因子、裂尖位置及裂纹扩展长度,解决了以往研究中因不能准确测定裂纹尖端位置,而无法准确计算Ⅰ型裂纹裂尖断裂参数的难题,揭示了金属材料裂纹扩展过程中应力强度因子演化特征。

模具断裂失效浅析及案例分析

简要概述模具断裂失效的类型及原因,并以SKD61和SKH51两失效件为例,详细阐述在实验室条件下如何有效利用现有检测设备,以观察并分析得出其失效原因。首先,运用体视显微镜,观察裂纹开裂处表面情况;其次,参照国家标准,利用光学显微镜,评定失效件非金属夹杂物是否合格;再者,结合洛氏硬度计,判断失效件金相组织有无异常。最终断定,工件失效的主要原因与其热处理过程有着密切联系,因此需严格控制热处理工艺,以避免工件过早时效。

Anti-Plane Elasticity Problem and Mode Ⅲ Crack Problem of Cubic Quasicrystal

The fracture theory of cubic quasicrystal was developed. The exact analytic solution of a Mode Ⅲ Griffith crack in the material was obtained by using the Fourier transform and dual integral equations theory, and so the displacement and stress fields, the stress intensity factor and strain energy release rate were determined. The results show that the stress intensity factor is independent of material constants, and the strain energy release rate is dependent on all material constants. These provide important information for studying the deformation and fracture of the new solid material.

Crack evolution behavior of rocks under confining pressures and its propagation model before peak stress

The understanding of crack propagation characteristics and law of rocks during the loading process is of great significance for the exploitation and support of rock engineering.In this study,the crack propagation behavior of rocks in triaxial compression tests was investigated in detail.The main conclusions were as follows:1)According to the evolution characteristics of crack axial strain,the differential stress?strain curve of rocks under triaxial compressive condition can be divided into three phases which are linear elastic phase,crack propagation phase,post peak phase,respectively;2)The proposed models are applied to comparison with the test data of rocks under triaxial compressive condition and different temperatures.The theoretical data calculated by the models are in good agreement with the laboratory data,indicating that the proposed model can be applied to describing the crack propagation behavior and the nonlinear properties of rocks under triaxial compressive condition;3)The inelastic compliance and crack initiation strain in the proposed model have a decrease trend with the increase of confining pressure and temperature.Peak crack axial strain increases nonlinearly with the inelastic compliance and the increase rate increases gradually.Crack initiation strain has a linear relation with peak crack axial strain.

Wing crack model subjected to high hydraulic pressure and far field stresses and its numerical simulation

By considering the effect of hydraulic pressure filled in wing crack and the connected part of main crack on the stress intensity factor at wing crack tip, a new wing crack model exerted by hydraulic pressure and far field stresses was proposed. By introducing the equivalent crack length lcq of wing crack, two terms make up the stress intensity factor K1 at wing crack tip： one is the component K（1） for a single isolated straight wing crack of length 2l subjected to hydraulic pressure in wing crack and far field stresses, and the other is the component K1^（2） due to the effective shear stress induced by the presence of the equivalent main crack. The FEM model of wing crack propagation subjected to hydraulic pressure and far field stresses was also established according to different side pressure coefficients and hydraulic pressures in crack. The result shows that a good agreement is found between theoretical model of wing crack proposed and finite element method （FEM）. In theory, an unstable crack propagation is shown if there is high hydraulic pressure and lateral tension. The wing crack model proposed can provide references for studying on hydraulic fracturing in rock masses.

Wing crack propagation model under high hydraulic pressure in compressive-shear stress state

A new wing crack model subjected to hydraulic pressure and far-field stresses was proposed considering the effect of hydraulic pressure in wing crack and the connected part of the main crack on the stress intensity factor at the wing crack tip. With the equivalent crack length Ieq of the wing crack introduced, the stress intensity factor Kl at the wing crack tip was as- sumed to the sum of two terms： on one hand a component K1^（1） for a single isolated straight wing crack of length 21, and subjected to hydraulic pressure in the wing crack and far-field stresses; on the other hand a component K1（2） due to the effective shear stress induced by the presence of the equivalent main crack. The lateral tensile stress and hydraulic high pressure are the key factors that induce crack propagation unsteadily. The new wing crack theoretical model proposed can supply references for the study on hydraulic fracture in fractured masses, hydraulic fracturing in rock masses.

Stability analysis of the temperature cracks in Xiaowan arch dam

In the Xiaowan arch dam there are massive temperature cracks nearly parallel to the dam axis. Obviously, whether the cracks may spread or not during the water storage process is one of the crucial factors for the safety of a dam. In this paper, a new type of crack element, in which the contact component is implicitly included into the concrete component, is proposed to simulate the effects of the existing cracks. The crack element is proved by numerical example to share the merits of both conventional contact elements and joint elements. With a finite element model of the cracked arch dam together with its rock foundation established, the transient displacement and stress fields of the dam are obtained. The complicated rock foundation, the construction process of the arch dam, the massive cracks, the transient temperature field, as well as the water storage process have been taken into consideration in the simulation. In addition to the global model, several sub-models for typical crack tips are also generated with finer elements placed around the tips. Thus, more accurate displacement and stress distribution are obtained by simultaneous sub-model simulation. Based on the calculation of stress intensity factor for crack tips by extension method, the temperature cracks in the Xiaowan arch dam are finally proved to be stable.

Dynamic response of gravity dam model with crack and damage detection

Gravity dam is a typical structure that has been frequently used in the fields of water conservancy engineering, and the safety of the structure has received widespread attention recently. Due to earthquakes or other reasons, gravity dams normally have damage such as cracks in practical service. Damage in the structures can alter the structural dynamic behavior and seriously affect structural performance. Maintaining safety and integrity of the gravity dam structures requires a better understanding of dynamic response of structure with damage and associated damage detection method. In order to study thoroughly the dynamic behavior of gravity dam with damage, the sweep vibration responses of the gravity dam with and without damage are investigated. The experimental results show that the peak-peak acceleration responses all increase for the structure is with crack. At the same time, a structural damage detection method, i.e., the local damage factor (LDF) method, is considered in the study of gravity dam damage detection when the dam is subjected to the base excitation. It is shown that the LDF method can be used as a damage index and is capable of evaluating both the presence and relative severity of structural damage, and it can be used as a viable condition assessment and damage identification technique to detect and quantify the damage in the gravity dam.

From monoscale to multiscale modeling of fatigue crack growth:Stress and energy density factor

The formalism of the earlier fatigue crack growth models is retained to account for multiscaling of the fatigue process that involves the creation of macrocracks from the accumulation of micro damage.The effects of at least two scales,say micro to macro,must be accounted for.The same data can thus be reinterpreted by the invariancy of the transitional stress intensity factors such that the microcracking and macrocracking data would lie on a straight line.The threshold associated with the sigmoid curve disappears.Scale segmentation is shown to be a necessity for addressing multiscale energy dissipative processes such as fatigue and creep.Path independency and energy release rate are monoscale criteria that can lead to unphysical results,violating the first principles.Application of monoscale failure or fracture criteria to nanomaterials is taking toll at the expense of manufacturing super strength and light materials and structural components.This brief view is offered in the spirit of much needed additional research for the reinforcement of materials by creating nanoscale interfaces with sustainable time in service.The step by step consideraton at the different scales may offer a better understanding of the test data and their limitations with reference to space and time.