上海地区不同强度参数对基坑围护结构变形和内力的影响

为研究上海地区不同强度参数对基坑围护结构变形和内力的影响,在ABAQUS中建立平面竖向弹性地基梁法模型,根据上海地区4种典型基坑概化模型和上海195个工程勘察报告和文献试验数据统计的典型土层强度参数,研究了每类基坑概化模型中不同强度参数对围护结构的最大水土压力、变形(最大位移)、内力(最大剪力、最大弯矩)以及支撑轴力的影响。结果表明:采用三轴固结不排水(CU)有效应力强度参数得到的围护结构变形和内力结果最小;采用十字板不排水抗剪强度计算的结果相比有效应力强度参数结果无明显规律;直剪固结快剪和CU总应力强度参数计算得到的结果较为接近,相比于有效应力强度参数结果,最大位移增量约为6%,最大水土压力增量为4%~5%,最大弯矩和剪力增量为7%~8%;总体来看,目前上海基坑规范采用固结快剪总应力强度参数进行围护结构设计相比采用有效应力强度参数偏安全。

土石混合物的强度参数

本文根据固结不排水和不固结不排水的三轴压缩试验成果,对目前改变土石混合物级配的两种习用的方法的正确性进行了评价。改变级配的目的是使混合物中的最大颗粒的粒径减小,以便用较小直径的试件进行室内试验。文中把未改变级配的(全级配)原土石混合物、试件直径×高=38.1×97.8cm的试验成果,与筛去粒径过大的部分并代之以重量相同粒径较小的材料和筛去(丢掉)粒径过大的部分两种材料、试件直径×高=15.2×35.7cm的试验成果,按总应力强度参数和有效应力强度参数进行了比较。关于用小直径试件的试验结果去推测全级配混合物的强度参数,通过比较,发现把粒径过大的部分筛去(丢掉)的办法是不能令人满意的;筛去粒径过大的部分并代之以重量相同粒径较小的材料的办法,对估计有效应力强度参数来说可以认为是合适的,但用来估计总应力强度参数也是不合适的。

QFP结构中引脚焊缝界面端的奇异性热应力问题研究

由于引脚、印制电路板和焊接剂的热-机材料属性不同,在受到热载荷或机械载荷时,引脚焊接界面端会产生奇异性应力,有可能产生界面开裂。为了基于界面端奇异场来评价QFP结构引脚界面端力学行为,采用数值方法求解引脚焊缝任意角度尖劈界面端的应力强度系数。具体步骤为:首先,基于高次内插有限元特征分析法确定两相任意角度尖劈界面端的奇异性指数和应力角分布函数,并引入常数热应力项,获得热-机耦合奇异性应力场表达式;采用有限元分析技术和最小二乘拟合法来获得应力强度系数的数值解。考察了热-机材料属性对热载荷下焊接剂/印制电路板界面端应力强度系数的影响。结果表明:弹性模量、泊松比和材料热膨胀系数等均对应力强度系数有影响,适当的做出调整可以使界面端呈现良好的热应力状态。

基于双剪强度理论的混凝土板极限冲切承载力计算方法

将混凝土板的冲切破坏简化为平面应变问题,采用双剪应力三参数强度准则对冲切破坏时的混凝土板剪压区的复合应力进行分析,得到了剪压面上的极限竖向剪应力,利用静力平衡条件求得混凝土板的极限冲切承载力计算公式。与国内外246个试件的试验数据进行比较表明,该公式的计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。计算公式的计算模式概念清晰,可供结构设计时参考。

弹丸冲击贯穿有限厚混凝土材料靶板的背面成坑效应

弹丸冲击贯穿有限厚混凝土靶板后,靶板背面有大块的混凝土剥落,形成近似的锥形坑。为了研究背面弹坑半锥角θ这一作为混凝土靶板贯穿后破坏范围问题研究中的重要参量,将贯穿问题等效为轴对称条件下的冲切破坏问题。采用双剪应力三参数强度准则及刚塑性模型,得到了极限应力圆的包络线方程,给出了轴对称破坏机构,进而求得θ值的表达式。理论计算结果与数值模拟结果、实验数据三者之间吻合度较好。研究表明,θ值由混凝土材料抗压强度与抗拉强度比值决定。基于上述研究,提出在混凝土中掺加钢纤维以提高有限厚靶板抗贯穿能力的实际方法,并进行了弹道实验。实验结果表明,贯穿破坏后靶板碎片的数量及θ大幅降低,显示了高含量异型钢纤维混凝土在抗贯穿方面的适用性。

Calculation Model of Equivalent Strength for Induced Crack Based on Double-K Fracture Theory and Its Optimizing Setting in RCC Arch Dam

By means of fracture testing on roller-compacted concrete （RCC） three-point bending beams with two different specimen sizes, the P-CMOD complete curve for RCC was gained. Furthermore, by applying double-K fracture theory, KiniⅠC,KunⅠC, as well as the critical effective crack length and the critical crack tip opening displacement, were evaluated. Based on the double-K fracture parameters above, the calculation model of equivalent strength for induced crack was established, thus the calculation method on its initiation, stable propagation and unstable fracture was ascertained. Moreover, the finite element simulation analysis of stress field in ShaPai arch dam and the on-site observational splaying points of induced crack at different altitudes validated the reliability of the model. Finally, crack inducer′s optimal setting in RCC arch dam was studied. It improves the design level of induced crack in RCC arch dam and satisfies the necessity of engineering practice.

Limit equilibrium analysis for rock slope stability using basic Hoek–Brown strength criterion

Hoek–Brown(HB)strength criterion can reflect rock’s inherent failure nature,so it is more suitable for analyzing the stability of rock slopes.However,the traditional limit equilibrium methods are at present only suitable for analyzing the rock slope stability using the linear equivalent Mohr–Coulomb(EMC)strength parameters instead of the nonlinear HB strength criterion.Therefore,a new method derived to analyze directly the rock slope stability using the nonlinear HB strength criterion for arbitrary curve slip surface was described in the limit equilibrium framework.The current method was established based on certain assumptions concerning the stresses on the slip surface through amending the initial normal stressσ0 obtained without considering the effect of inter-slice forces,and it can satisfy all static equilibrium conditions of the sliding body,so the current method can obtain the reasonable and strict factor of safety(FOS)solutions.Compared with the results of other methods in some examples,the feasibility of the current method was verified.Meanwhile,the parametric analysis shows that the slope angleβhas an important influence on the difference of the results obtained using the nonlinear HB strength criterion and its linear EMC strength parameters.Forβ≤45°,both of the results are similar,showing the traditional limit equilibrium methods using the linear EMC strength parameters and the current method are all suitable to analyze rock slope stability,but forβ>60°,the differences of both the results are obvious,showing the actual slope stability state can not be reflected in the traditional limit equilibrium methods,and then the current method should be used.

Feasibility analysis for monitoring fatigue crack in hydraulic turbine blades using acoustic emission technique

In order to investigate the feasibility of monitoring the fatigue cracks in turbine blades using acoustic emission (AE) technique, the AE characteristics of fatigue crack growth were studied in the laboratory. And the characteristics were compared with those of background noise received from a real hydraulic turbine unit. It is found that the AE parameters such as the energy and duration can qualitatively describe the fatigue state of the blades. The correlations of crack propagation rates and acoustic emission count rates vs stress intensity factor (SIF) range are also obtained. At the same time, for the specimens of 20SiMn under the given testing conditions, it is noted that the rise time and duration of events emitted from the fatigue process are lower than those from the background noise; amplitude range is 49-74 dB, which is lower than that of the noise (90-99 dB); frequency range of main energy of crack signals is higher than 60 kHz while that in the noise is lower than 55 kHz. Thus, it is possible to extract the useful crack signals from the noise through appropriate signal processing methods and to represent the crack status of blade materials by AE parameters. As a result, it is feasible to monitor the safety of runners using AE technique.

QFP结构中引脚焊缝界面端的奇异性热应力问题研究

由于引脚、印制电路板和焊接剂的热-机材料属性不同,在受到热载荷或机械载荷时,引脚焊接界面端会产生奇异性应力,有可能产生界面开裂.为了基于界面端奇异场来评价QFP结构引脚界面端力学行为,本文拟采用数值方法求解引脚焊缝任意角度尖劈界面端的应力强度系数.具体步骤为:首先,基于高次内插有限元特征分析法确定两相任意角度尖劈界面端的奇异性指数和应力角分布函数,并引入常数热应力项,获得热-机耦合奇异性应力场表达式;采用有限元分析技术和最小二乘拟合法来获得应力强度系数的数值解.文中考察了热-机材料属性对热载荷下焊接剂/印制电路板界面端应力强度系数的影响,并给出改善界面端热应力状态的建议.