疲劳强度校核下塔式起重机结构安全检测探究

塔式起重机结构安全中的一大指标就是应力循环性,通过应力循环性计算其结构疲劳强度,需要在起重机工作一段时间后展开,此时起重机已经积累了一定的疲劳强度.基于疲劳强度校核着重探究塔式起重机的结构安全相关检测方法,了解塔式起重机的结构安全状况,保证塔式起重机能够安全稳定运行,提高生产效率.

Constitutive Model of Saturated Soft Clay with Cyclic Loads under Unconsolidated Undrained Condition

An equivalent visco-elastic model of saturated soft clay was studied under unconsolidated undrained (UU) condition, which can be used to evaluate the stability of ocean foundation. Cyclic triaxial compression and extension tests were conducted to study the parameters of the model. Results showed that the relationships of the damping ratio and the octahedral shear modulus with the octahedral cyclic shear strain were nearly unique, when the initial octahedral shear stress ratios of specimens were equal to 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7. The relationships of the damping ratio and the octahedral shear modulus with the octahedral cyclic shear strain determined from the cyclic triaxial compression tests were basically the same as those determined from the cyclic triaxial extension tests. Furthermore, the relationships were not related to the initial stress condition, the test stress state and the octahedral cyclic shear stress ratio. The relationships determined from the cyclic triaxial tests under no deviatoric stress were basically the same as those determined from the cyclic triaxial tests under deviatoric stress. The change of the octahedral cyclic accumulative strain with the number of cycles was unique under different tests stress states. An equivalent visco-elastic constitutive model of saturated soft clay under UU condition was initially established.

Parameter fitting of constitutive model and FEM analysis of solder joint thermal cycle reliability for lead-free solder Sn-3.5Ag

The experimental tests of tensile for lead-flee solder Sn-3.5Ag were performed for the general work temperatures range from 11 to 90 ℃ and strain rate range from 5 × 10^-5 to 2 × 10^-2s^-1, and its stress--strain curves were compared to those of solder Sn-37Pb. The parameters in Anand model for solder Sn-3.5Ag were fitted based on experimental data and nonlinear fitting method, and its validity was checked by means of experimental data. Furthermore, the Anand model was used in the FEM analysis to evaluate solder joint thermal cycle reliability. The results show that solder Sn-3.5Ag has a better creep resistance than solder Sn-37Pb. The maximum stress is located at the upper right comer of the outmost solder joint from the symmetric center, and thermal fatigue life is predicted to be 3.796 × 10^4 cycles under the calculated conditions.

Comparison of Procedures to Evaluate the Cyclic Stress-Strain Curve from Incremental Step Test

The design of structural components in low-cycle fatigue field often requires the knowledge of the cyclic properties of the material, which are commonly described by the classical relation of Ramberg-Osgood. In order to obtain the cyclic curve using experimental data from incremental step tests, four methodologies are described and critically discussed. Three methods differ in the procedure of evaluation of the elastic modulus, while in the last one the experimental data are interpolated with a single non-linear regression. The various techniques were applied to data obtained from tests carried out on stainless steel specimens, and the resulting differences were analysed and quantified. An average behaviour was evaluated considering the total set of data obtained from experimental tests. The choice of the most suitable method is related to both the strain range of interest and the goal for which the results are used.

Material Parameters of a Structural Steel with Plastic Strain Memory

The present work is concerned with the characterization of hardening parameters for an elasto-plastic continuum model, taking into account the memory effect of plastic strain amplitude, in order to predict the hysteretic responses of a ferritic steel. This elasto-plastic three-dimensional model is based on the internal thermodynamic variables which composed of the nonlinear kinematic hardening and isotropic hardening with the plastic strain memorization. The emphasis is put on the determination of strain memory parameters along with other material parameters of the proposed model in order to better simulate the behavior of the material at different strain range. The material parameters are calibrated with the experimental stabilized loops of stress-strain curves available in the literature. The predicted stabilized loops from the simulation with the determined parameters show good agreement with the experimental results signifying the validity of the considered model.

Shear Behavior of Novel Prestressed Concrete Beam Subjected to Monotonic and Cyclic Loading

Prestressed steel ultrahigh-strength reinforced concrete(PSURC) beam is a new type of prestressed concrete beam, which not only has a considerable compressive strength attributed to the ultrahigh strength concrete, but also ensures a certain degree of ductility at failure due to the existence of structural steel. Five of these beams were monotonically tested until shear failure to investigate the static shear performance including the failure pattern, loaddeflection behavior, shear capacity, shear crack width and shear ductility. The experimental results show that these beams have superior shear capacity, crack control ability and shear ductility. To study the shear performance under repeated overloading, seven PSURC beams were loaded in cyclic test simultaneously. The overall shear performance of cycled beams is similar to that of uncycled beams at low load level but different at high load level. The shear capacity and crack control ability of cycled beams at high load level are reduced, whereas the shear ductility is improved. In addition, the influences of variables including the degree of prestress, stirrup ratio and load level on the shear performance of both uncycled and cycled beams were also discussed and compared, respectively.

Effects of grain size on phase transition behavior of nanocrystalline shape memory alloys

We report recent advances in the experimental and theoretical study of grain size(GS)effects on the thermal and mechanical properties of nanostructured NiTi polycrystalline shape memory alloy(SMA).It is shown that when GS<60 nm,the superelastic stress-strain hysteresis loop area(H)of the polycrystal decreases rapidly with GS and tends to vanish as GS approaches 10 nanometers.At the same time,the temperature dependence of the transition stress also decreases with GS and eventually approaches zero,leading to a wide superelastic temperature window and breakdown of the Clausius-Claperyon relationship.Rate dependence of the stress-strain responses is significantly reduced and the cyclic stability of the material is improved by the nanocrystallization.It is proposed that the emergence of such significant changes in the behavior of the material with GS reduction originate from the large increase in the area-to-volume ratios of the nanometer-thick interfaces(grain boundary and Austenite-Martensite(A-M)interface)in the polycrystal.In particular,with GS reduction,interfacial energy terms will gradually become dominant over the bulk energy of the crystallite,eventually bring fundamental changes in the phase transition responses of the material.Modelling strategy leading to the establishment of quantitative relationships among GS,grain boundary,A-M interfaces and the macroscopic responses of the material are outlined.