不同状态灰砂岩应力松弛特性试验及本构模型研究

岩石的应力松弛现象涉及到各类岩体工程的长期稳定性,且工程中水的影响不容忽视。开展干燥与饱和两种状态下灰砂岩单级应力松弛试验与循环应力松弛试验,对比分析了两种状态试样的松弛行为差异,并采用四单元广义Maxwell应力松弛本构模型对试验结果进行数值模拟验证。结果表明:(1)两种状态下的灰砂岩都表现为非完全衰减的应力松弛形式;(2)相同应变比条件下饱和状态试样的最终应力松弛量略高,差异主要表现在应力松弛的发展趋势上,深受水弱化作用的影响;(3)峰值应力循环松弛试验中,由于水的弱化及内部耗能导致饱和试样延性增高,虽然干燥试样的应力松弛程度高于饱和试样,但对于循环次数以及最终破坏时的轴向应变,结果正相反;(4)四单元广义Maxwell应力松弛本构模型能以极高的精度准确完整地描述灰砂岩单级应力松弛全过程及趋势。

有机玻璃非线性应力松弛行为表征与本构模型

通过实验测定了有机玻璃(PMMA)在不同初始应变率和初始应变下的应力松弛曲线。分析了三种应变率(0. 001s^-1.0. 01s^-1和0.1s^-1)下不同初始应变(5%、7%、10%和15%)的实验结果。结果表明:初始加载应变率会影响有机玻璃高分子链段的运动速度,进而对应力松弛行为产生影响;不同初始应变对应力松弛的影响,则体现为不同变形程度对PMMA高分子链运动速度的影响。将PMMA的应力松弛视为两个阶段即应力快速松弛段和应力缓慢松弛段,基于对这两个阶段的分析,提出了一个非线性应力松弛本构模型。对实验得到的应力松弛曲线采用上面提出的本构模型进行数值拟合,吻合结果良好。此外,还对模型中参数的影响因素进行了分析讨论。结果表明该本构模型可以用于描述PMMA的非线性应力松弛行为。

Constitutive modeling and springback prediction of stress relaxation age forming of pre-deformed 2219 aluminum alloy

Stress relaxation ageing behavior of pre-deformed AA2219 is studied through stress relaxation age experiments and finite element(FE) simulation. The results show that the stress can promote the process of ageing precipitation, and shorten the time to reach the peak strength. Meanwhile,the residual stress and yield strength increase along with the increase in the initial stress. Based on microstructure evolution and ageing strengthening theory,a unified constitutive model is established and incorporated into the FE simulation model through a user subroutine. It is found that the relative error of the radius is 3.6% compared with the experimental result and the springback is 16.8%. This indicates that the proposed stress relaxation ageing constitutive model provides a good prediction on the springback of such stiffened panel during its ageing process.