轧机接轴扭矩应力量测数据分析

应用电阻式应变仪对某轧钢厂精轧机组F2轧机的上、下传动接轴进行扭矩量测,将实验量测数据与PDA数据进行对比。并根据接轴扭矩值随轧制板带规格不同的变化趋势,提出相应的改良措施,有利于企业组织生产,优化轧制工艺。

控制致裂岩体应力量测的模型试验研究

本文阐明了控制致裂岩体应力量测的基本原理、试验方法。介绍了几种控制致裂的模型试验结果及其分析，证明了控制致裂理论的正确性。

大跨度黄土隧道钢拱架应力量测与分析

黑山寺隧道是目前国内跨度较大的黄土隧道,其修建为我国黄土地区修建大跨度隧道奠定了基础。加强在隧道施工过程中对拱架变形的量测,对于指导施工及为同类型围岩隧道设计提供依据有十分重要的现实意义。文章通过钢拱架应力量测,分析钢拱架变形规律和应力状况,并对黄土地区修建大断面隧道钢拱架支护的参数提出建议。

大断面区间隧道应力测试分析

通过对北京地铁五号线11合同段CD法及双侧壁导坑法施工的断面应力量测，掌握了大断面隧道工程围岩及支护应力应变的基本规律，提出了“早封闭，快成环”的工序组织建议，为类似工程提供一定参考。

官庄铁矿深埋破碎矿体开采岩体变形测试分析

以大量实测资料为基础,分析官庄铁矿北区深埋破碎厚矿体开采引起的围岩变形和地表移动规律。实测结果表明,官庄铁矿北区地表下沉属于连续下沉,岩层破坏主要是缓慢型破坏。分析过程中,把几种实测分析方法和数值分析法有机结合在一起,形成岩体移动变形综合研究方法,对地下开采引起的岩体移动机制进行具体分析。分析中所采用的实测分析类方法包括蠕变试验分析、地表移动观测分析、围岩变形监测分析、原岩应力量测分析;数值分析类方法包括ANSYS和FLAC。结合官庄铁矿工程实例,通过具体测试分析,探讨深部开采岩体移动变形规律及特点,即深部开采覆岩移动变形具有均匀、整体压缩变形等特点,地表移动连续且周期较长。实践证明,所采用的综合研究方法是分析岩体移动和地表下沉机制的有效途径。

软弱围岩特大跨度隧道模型试验技术及应用

利用大型地质力学模型试验台架开展软弱围岩特大跨度隧道开挖模型试验的技术研究,主要包括软弱围岩相似材料的配制方法、模型试验台架及加载系统、围岩应力量测系统及围岩位移量测系统。采用单点薄膜压力传感器进行围岩应力量测,具有准确、灵敏和扰动小等特点。文章基于光栅尺与PIV的围岩位移量测技术,开展了一组软弱围岩特大跨度隧道毛洞开挖模型试验,研究隧道开挖对围岩应力场和位移场的影响规律。结果表明,模型试验系统具备优良的操作性能及先进的测试水平,可满足大型岩土模型试验研究需要,对实际工程有一定的指导意义。

DX桩桩周土应力场分布的模型试验研究

通过室内小比尺的模型试验,可以进一步为确定DX桩沉降计算公式提供必要的依据。在小型模型试验箱中,通过采用杠杆加砝码的装置对22 mm桩径的DX桩在砂土中进行研究,测定单桩的桩顶荷载-桩顶位移曲线,确定承载力,并与相同情况下的直孔桩进行对比;同时,利用微型土压力盒测定土中应力变化,研究荷载在土中的传递规律。试验结果表明,DX桩的承载力及沉降特性明显优于直孔桩;承力盘在上部和下部时,DX桩尽管承载力相差不大,但是盘在下部时会增大桩端附近土体的应力;两个承力盘的DX桩,两盘受力比较一致,且盘受力的影响范围,在竖向方向大致为2倍的盘径;对于3个承力盘的DX桩,3个盘附近的土压力扩散范围从上往下逐渐增大,但增加的幅度不大。

压痕/划痕测试若干理论与基于自制仪器的试验研究

本论文结合白光光弹法与光谱仪发展出创新的低双折射性物质应力量测理论一穿透率极值光弹理论（Transmissivity extremities theory of photoelasticity, TEToP）。基于薄膜干涉原理，本论文也发展出创新的大范围面积全局性厚度量测理论——角度射入干涉术（Angular incidence interferometry, AII）。

三峡水电站“充水保压”蜗壳三维仿真整体结构模型试验

采用比尺为 1∶1 2仿真整体结构模型 ,以设计内水压力值反复加载 1 2 0 0次和超载试验的方法 ,对三峡水电站 70m水头保压值蜗壳结构的应力和变形进行研究。结果表明 ,三峡水电站采用“充水保压”钢蜗壳外围混凝土结构型式 ,具有较高的超载安全度 ,特别有利于提高水轮发电机运行的抗振性能 ;后续机组的充水保压值可适当提高 ;可减少钢蜗壳外围混凝土中的配筋量 。

隧道工程物理模拟试验技术现状与趋势分析

为研究解决隧道工程中物理模拟试验系统应用及建设中的技术难题,通过归纳与分类,对当前隧道工程物理模拟试验系统中的关键技术进行对比分析,并系统阐述目前存在的问题及未来发展趋势。最后,提出以模型体积大小为依据的试验系统分类方法。通过分析总结得出:1)中小型试验系统由于研制费用较低、模型制作速度快、加载操控较精确、变形测量较精细以及利用率较高和经济效益突出,可作为隧道物理模拟试验系统建设的一个重要比选方案;2)结合数字照相量测与3D打印的透明岩土试验技术有望成为未来隧道物理模拟试验技术发展的一个新方向。

压力传感器受力的数值模拟分析

由于传感器与周围介质刚度不耦合的原因,埋入式压力传感器所测得读数并不是材料内部真正的受力状态。根据压力传感器的实际结构,采用有限元数值模拟分析方法,计算得出压力传感器的实际受力特征与应力分布规律,提出了压力传感器读数的修正方法,为压力传感器的正确使用提供理论依据和可靠的方法。

上海虹桥综合交通枢纽后注浆灌注桩现场试验研究

本文依托上海虹桥交通枢纽工程,进行了桩端后注浆灌注桩的静载荷试验,并采用先进的布里渊光时域反射技术和光纤布拉格光栅技术测量了桩身应力,获得了较好的测量效果。试验结果表明:桩端后注浆可显著提高抗压桩的极限承载力,提高幅度在70%～80%左右;桩端后注浆对减少桩顶位移也有显著的作用;桩端后注浆还能够提高桩端以上一定范围内土体的侧摩阻力。

关口垭隧道软岩稳定性分析及施工方法探讨

结合工程实例,阐述了泥质页岩在隧道开挖过程中应力重分布的变化特征以及对洞室稳定性的影响,进行了喷层应力、围岩与初期支护间应力、围岩内部位移、二次衬砌应力量测及爆破震动测试等项目的重点监测。

立交桥双层贝雷梁安全监控

在安徽合肥大众路立交桥跨越既有铁路线施工期间,跨越铁路线部分采用钢管柱加贝雷梁门式支架施工方法。采用水准仪和应变计分别量测梁身的挠度与应力以保证双层贝雷梁的安全性,为贝雷梁架的推广使用提供了成功实例。

Effect of non-uniform stress characteristics on stress measurement in specimen

There is a remarkable difference in stress distribution between a specimen and a plate removed from the specimen.The plate presents a uniform stress distribution whereas the specimen presents a non-uniform stress distribution.Firstly,the real stress distributions in plates with thickness of 30,40 and 50 mm and then in the specimens were obtained through simulation and X-ray surface stress measurement.Secondly,in order to study the impact of specimens shapes and processing ways on the results accuracy,two irregular shapes (parallelogram and trapezoid) and two processing ways (saw and electron discharge machining (EDM)) were compared and analyzed by simulation and experiment using layer removal method,then the specimen effects on measurement results were evaluated.The results show that:1) the non-uniform stress distribution characteristics of the specimen near the surface of the cut is significant,the range of non-uniform stress distribution is approximately one-thickness distance away from the cut,and it decreases gradually along the depth;2) In order to ensure the stability in the results,it is suitable to take the specimen plane size 2-3 times of its thickness;3) Conventional processing methods have little effect on experimental results and the average deviation is less than 5%.

Effect of asymmetric rolling under high friction coefficient on recrystallization texture and plastic anisotropy of AA1050 alloy

In asymmetric rolling(ASR) the circumferential velocities of the working rolls are different. This yields a complex deformation mode with shear, compression and rigid body rotation components. The main microstructural modification is on crystallographic texture, and, for aluminium alloys, this may improve the deformability after recrystallization. This work correlated the process variables, thickness reduction per pass(TRP) and velocity ratio between the upper and bottom rolls, with the texture development and the plastic properties after annealing. Finite element(FE) simulations were performed to quantify the influence of the strain components. Experimental data on texture, and plastic anisotropy were analyzed. In the sheet centre a crystallographic rotation of the compression components about the TD(transverse direction) axis was obtained, which yielded the development of {111}//ND(normal direction) texture components. On the surfaces the local variation of the velocity gradients caused an extra rotation component about ND. This yielded the increment of rotated cube components. After annealing the main texture components at the sheet centre were maintained and the texture intensity decreased. The planar anisotropy(△r) was reduced but the normal anisotropy and deep drawability obtained by the Erichsen test were similar for all conditions. The most favourable reduction of △r was obtained at a velocity ratio of 1.5 and TRP of 10%.

Core discing characteristics and mitigation approach by a novel developed drill bit in deep rocks

Core discing often occurs in deep rocks under high-stress conditions and has been identified as an important characteristic for deep rock engineering.This paper presents the formation mechanism of core discing firstly.Then,the interaction between diamond drill bits and rock was analyzed based on numerical modeling.A novel drill bit with an inner conical crown for the mitigation of core discing was designed and verified by simulation experiments.The mitigation method was applied in the cavern B1 of CJPL-Ⅱand satisfactory results had been achieved.The percentage of core discing had been obviously decreased from 67.8%when drilling with a rectangular crown drill bit,to 26.5%when an inner conical crown drill bit had been adopted.This paper gives full insight into core discing characteristics and provides a new method for core discing mitigation;it will potentially contribute to stress measurement in deep rock engineering.

Measurements of in situ stress and mining-induced stress in Beiminghe Iron Mine of China

In order to obtain the distribution rules of in situ stress and mining-induced stress of Beiminghe Iron Mine, the stress relief method by overcoring was used to measure the in situ stress, and the MC type bore-hole stress gauge was adopted to measure the mining-induced stress. In the in situ stress measuring, the technique of improved hollow inclusion cells was adopted, which can realize complete temperature compensation. Based on the measuring results, the distribution model of in situ stress was established and analyzed. The in situ stress measuring result shows that the maximum horizontal stress is 1.75-2.45 times of vertical stress and almost 1.83 times of the minimum horizontal stress in this mineral field. And the mining-induced stress measuring result shows that, according to the magnitude of front abutment pressure the stress region can be separated into stress-relaxed area, stress- concentrated area and initial stress area. At the -50 m mining level of this mine, the range of stress-relaxed area is 0-3 m before mining face; the range of stress-concentrated area is 3-55 m before mining face, and the maximum mining-induced stress is 16.5-17.5 MPa, which is 15-20 m from the mining face. The coefficient of stress concentration is 1.85.

Non-complete relief method for measuring surface stresses in surrounding rocks

The measurement of surface stresses in surrounding rocks with the use of a relief method of annular hole-drilling was studied by numerical analysis. The stress relief process by hole-drilling was then simulated with the use of finite element method. The influences of the borehole diameter(d), the initial stresses and the ratio of the initial principle stresses on the variations of the remained stress and the released stress in function of the relief depth(h) were discussed. The relation between the non-dimensional ratio of the released principle strains and that of the initial principle stresses, and the effect of the elastic modulus and the Poisson ratio of the rock mass on the stress relief curves were studied. The results show that the stress relief behavior formulated with the non-dimensional ratio of the released stress and the ratio of h/d is only sensitive to the ratio of the initial principle stresses and the Poisson ratio. The stresses are completely released when h equals 1.6d, and the tensile stresses take place on the bore core surface in the relief measurement process. Finally, a non-complete relief method of annular hole-drilling for measuring surface stress in surrounding rocks is proposed and the procedure is presented.

In-situ stress measurements and stress change monitoring to monitor overburden caving behaviour and hydraulic fracture pre-conditioning

A coal mine in New South Wales is longwall mining 300 m wide panels at a depth of 160–180 m directly below a 16–20 m thick conglomerate strata. As part of a strategy to use hydraulic fracturing to manage potential windblast and periodic caving hazards associated with these conglomerate strata,the in-situ stresses in the conglomerate were measured using ANZI strain cells and the overcoring method of stress relief. Changes in stress associated with abutment loading and placement of hydraulic fractures were also measured using ANZI strain cells installed from the surface and from underground. Overcore stress measurements have indicated that the vertical stress is the lowest principal stress so that hydraulic fractures placed ahead of mining form horizontally and so provide effective pre-conditioning to promote caving of the conglomerate strata. Monitoring of stress changes in the overburden strata during longwall retreat was undertaken at two different locations at the mine. The monitoring indicated stress changes were evident 150 m ahead of the longwall face and abutment loading reached a maximum increase of about7.5 MPa. The stresses ahead of mining change gradually with distance to the approaching longwall and in a direction consistent with the horizontal in-situ stresses. There was no evidence in the stress change monitoring results to indicate significant cyclical forward abutment loading ahead of the face. The forward abutment load determined from the stress change monitoring is consistent with the weight of overburden strata overhanging the goaf indicated by subsidence monitoring.