复合材料层板固化全过程残余应变/应力的数值模拟

采用商业软件对带有铝板的复合材料层板固化全过程残余应变/应力进行数值模拟计算。在固化过程的模拟中,应用有限元法计算复合材料层板热-化学模型,有限差分法计算固化动力学模型,通过设置较小的时间步实现求解两个模型强耦合的关系。在残余应力数值模拟中,化学收缩引起的应变在每一计算步以初始应变施加在复合材料结构上。基于以上技术,对带有铝合金的复合材料层板固化全过程残余应变/应力演化进行数值模拟,并分析纤维方向和垂直纤维方向复合材料的残余应变/应力演化历程。通过与试验中层板曲率的比较,验证文中模型计算的准确性。

基于材料物性参数时变特性的复合材料层合板固化残余应变应力数值模拟

热固性树脂基复合材料层合板成型过程形成的残余应力是影响材料质量的重要因素。针对复合材料固化过程建立了基于复合材料物性参数时变特性的复合材料固化过程的三维多场耦合计算模型。该模型包含经典的热-化学模型、树脂固化动力学模型、残余应力模型;在此基础上将材料物性参数时变特性引入多场耦合计算模型中,模型计算结果通过与文献中实验结果比较,验证所建立的固化模型的可靠性;在此基础上,对AS4/3501-6复合材料层合板的固化残余应变应力进行数值模拟,研究了固化过程中残余应变/应力的变化规律,分析工艺参数对应力应变的影响。通过与光纤光栅应变试验比较,验证其正确性。研究结果表明:模型可以很好地仿真复合材料固化过程;温度、树脂体积分数、铺层角度对层合板应力/应变都有较为显著的影响,为正相关关系,其中树脂的体积分数影响最为显著。

Q420钢热变形行为及流变应力模型研究

利用Gleeble-2000热模拟实验装置对Nb,V微合金化Q420高强度低合金钢(HSLA)进行了高温单道次压缩实验.研究了变形条件对该钢的动态再结晶行为的影响,并建立了一系列完整的描述高温变形的流变应力模型.实验结果表明:动态再结晶只在较高变形温度和低应变速率下发生,且峰值应力、稳态应力、峰值应变和临界应变与lnZ呈线性关系;流变应力预测模型和实验结果吻合良好.

应变疲劳可靠性分析的现状及展望

未来是应用塑性变形知识解决结构失效问题的时代，应变疲劳可靠性分析是其中重要问题之一，它在９０年代才引起注意，文献很少。现有方法假设Ｃｏｆｆｉｎ－Ｍａｎｓｏｎ循环应变—寿命（ＣＳＬ）关系中的疲劳强度和塑性系数为独立随机变量，强度和塑性指数为常数，实际上它们都是拟合试验数据的相关随机变量。因此，只适于缺乏试验数据时的近似分析。试验揭示了材料的循环应力—应变（ＣＳＳ）响应存在很大分散性。考虑这一分散性和ＣＳＬ与ＣＳＳ关系中材料常 数的相关性，建立新的方法是未来值得研究的基础课题。建立考虑平均应变／应力影响和多轴方法，使之应用于工程实践，是值得进一步研究的重要课题。

Modeling of strain hardening and dynamic recrystallization of ZK60 magnesium alloy during hot deformation

The flow stress behavior of ZK60 alloy at elevated temperature was investigated. The strain hardening and dynamic recrystallization of the alloy were modeled by Kocks-Meching model and Avrami equation, respectively. A new constitutive equation during hot deformation was constructed to predict the flow stress considering the dynamic recrystallization. The results show that the flow stress curves predicted by the proposed equation have high correlation coefficients with the experimental data, which confirms that the developed model is accurate and effective to establish the flow stress equation of ZK60 magnesium alloy during hot deformation. Microstructure observation shows that dynamic recovery occurs in the initial stage of hot deformation. However, the microstructure turns to recrvstallization structure as the strain increases.

Constitutive equations for high temperature flow stress prediction of 6063 Al alloy considering compensation of strain

In order to develop the appropriate constitutive equation which can precisely model high temperature flow stress of 6063 Al alloy, a series of isothermal hot compression tests were performed at temperatures from 573 to 773 K and strain rates from 0.5 to 50 s?1 on a Gleeble?1500 thermo-simulation machine. Zener–Hollomon parameter in an exponent-type equation was used to describe the combined effects of temperature and strain rate on hot deformation behaviour of 6063 Al alloy, whereas the influence of strain was incorporated in the developed constitutive equation by considering material constants (α,n,Q andA) to be 4th order polynomial functions of strain. The results show that the developed constitutive equation can accurately predict high temperature flow stress of 6063 Al alloy, which demonstrates that it can be suitable for simulating hot deformation processes such as extrusion and forging, and for properly designing the deformation parameters in engineering practice.

Hot compression behavior and deformation microstructure of Mg-6Zn-1Al-0.3Mn magnesium alloy

The hot compression behavior of a wrought Mg-6Zn-1Al-0.3Mn magnesium alloy was investigated using Gleeble test at 200-400 °C with strain rates ranging from 0.01 to 7 s-1. The true stress-strain curves show that the hot deformation behavior significantly depends on the deformation temperature and strain rate. The calculated hot deformation activation energy Q is 166 kJ/mol with a stress exponent n=5.99, and the constitutive equation is deduced to be ε＆ =3.16×1013[sinh（0.010σ）]5.99exp [-1.66×105/（RT）]· Deformation microstructure shows that the incompletely dynamically recrystallized grains can be found at grain boundaries and twins with the strain rates ranging from 0.01 to 1 s^-1 at 250 °C, and completely dynamic recrystallization occurs when the temperature is 350 °C or above during hot compression, the size of recrystallized grains decreases with the increment of the strain rate at the same temperature. The relatively suitable deformation condition is considered temperature 330-400 °C and strain rate of 0.01-0.03 s-1, and temperature of 350 °C and strain rate of 1 s-1.

High-temperature flow behavior modeling of 2099 alloy considering strain effects

Isothermal compression tests in a wide range of temperatures （300-500 ℃） and strain rates （0.001-10 s^-1）, were performed on 2099 alloy to reveal the hot deformation characteristics. In order to give a precise prediction of flow behavior, the obtained experimental data were modified by friction and temperature correction and then employed to derive the constitutive modeling. The effects of the temperature and strain rate on hot deformation behavior can be expressed by Zener-Hollomon parameter including Arrhenius term. Furthermore, the influence of strain was incorporated in the constitutive analysis by considering the effect of strain on material constants （i.e. a, n, Q and A）. Consequently, the flow stress curves predicted by the developed modeling show a good agreement with the corrected ones, which indicates that the developed constitutive modeling could give an accurate and precise prediction for the flow stress of 2099 alloy.

Research on 1-3 Orthogonal Anisotropic Piezoelectric Composite Material Sensors-

Piezoelectric composite material (PCM) is an important branch of modernsensor and actuator materials with wide applications in smart structures. In this paper, based onpiezoelectric ceramic, composite and experimental mechanics theories, a kind of 1-3 orthogonalanisotropic PCM (OAPCM) sensor is developed, and the sensing principle is analyzed to describesensor behaviors. In order to determine strain and stress on isotropic or orthogonal anisotropiccomponent surface, the relationships between strain and stress are established. The experimentalresearch on 1-3 OAPCM sensor is carried out in uniaxial and biaxial stress states. The results showthat 1-3 OAPCM sensors offer orthotropic properties of piezoelectricity, and sensing equations canbe used for strain or stress measurement with good accuracy.

Microscopic damage and dynamic mechanical properties of rock under freeze-thaw environment

For understanding the rock microscopic damage and dynamic mechanical properties subjected to recurrent freeze-thaw cycles, experiments for five groups of homogeneous sandstone under different freeze-thaw cycles were conducted. After freezethaw, nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) tests and impact loading tests were carried out, from which microscopic damage characteristics of sandstone and dynamic mechanical parameters were obtained. The results indicate that the porosity increases with the increase of cycle number, the rate of porosity growth descends at the beginning of freeze-thaw, yet accelerates after a certain number of cycles. The proportion of pores with different sizes changes dynamically and the multi-scale distribution of pores tends to develop on pore structure with the continuing impact of freeze-thaw and thawing. Dynamic compressive stress-strain curve of sandstone undergoing freeze-thaw can be divided into four phases, and the phase of compaction is inconspicuous compared with the static curve. Elastic modulus and dynamic peak intensity of sandstone gradually decrease with freeze-thaw cycles, while peak strain increases. The higher the porosity is, the more serious the degradation of dynamic intensity is. The porosity is of a polynomial relationship with the dynamic peak intensity.

Effect of crystal orientation on tensile mechanical properties of single-crystal tungsten nanowire

Based on the high-purity single-crystal tungsten nanowire firstly prepared by the metal-catalyzed vapor-phase reaction method, molecular dynamics method was used to calculate tensile stress-strain curves and simulate microscopic deformation structures of the single-crystal tungsten nanowires with different crystal orientations of 〈100〉, 〈110〉and 〈111〉, in order to reveal the effect of crystal orientation on their tensile mechanical properties and failure mechanisms. Research results show that all of the stress-strain curves are classified into four stages： elastic stage, damage stage, yielding stage and failure stage, where 〈100〉orientation has a special hardening stage after yielding and two descending stages. The crystal orientation has little effect on elastic modulus but great effect on tensile strength, yielding strength and ductility, depending on different atomic surface energies and principal sliding planes. The calculated values of elastic modulus are in good agreement with the tested values of elastic modulus.

Residual elastic stress strain field and geometrically necessary dislocation density distribution around nano-indentation in TA15 titanium alloy

Nanoindentation and high resolution electron backscatter diffraction（EBSD） were combined to examine the elastic modulus and hardness of α and β phases,anisotropy in residual elastic stress strain fields and distributions of geometrically necessary dislocation（GND） density around the indentations within TA15 titanium alloy.The nano-indention tests were conducted on α and β phases,respectively.The residual stress strain fields surrounding the indentation were calculated through crosscorrelation method from recorded patterns.The GND density distribution around the indentation was calculated based on the strain gradient theories to reveal the micro-mechanism of plastic deformation.The results indicate that the elastic modulus and hardness for α p hase are 129.05 GPas and 6.44 GPa,while for β phase,their values are 109.80 GPa and 4.29 GPa,respectively.The residual Mises stress distribution around the indentation is relatively heterogeneous and significantly influenced by neighboring soft β phase.The region with low residual stress around the indentation is accompanied with markedly high a type and prismatic-GND density.

Effect of flow stress—strain relation on forming limit of 5754O aluminum alloy

A modified Swift type flow stress—strain relation was presented in order to describe the uniaxial tension test curve reasonably. The FLD-strain （forming limit diagram made up of limit strain） of 5754O aluminum alloy sheet was calculated based on the two flow stress—strain relations using Yld2000-2d yield function. By comparing the theoretical and experimental results, it is found that the calculated FLD-strain based on the modified Swift flow stress—strain relation can reasonably describe the experimental results. However, though the common Voce flow stress—strain relation can describe the deformation behavior during homogenous deformation phase accurately, the FLD-strain calculated based on it is obviously lower than the experimental result. It is concluded that the higher the hardening rate of sheet metal is, the higher the forming limit is. A method for determining the reasonable flow stress—strain relation is recommended for describing the material behavior during inhomogenous phase and the forming limit of sheet metal.

深水浮体平台结构监测案例分析

针对深水浮体平台的结构监测,选取历史上典型的代表性案例,包括1条浮式生产储油卸油轮(FPSO)和1座深水张力腿平台,介绍了平台结构监测目的方案,阐述了监测数据处理和数值分析结果的比较方法,总结了结构监测取得的成果和存在的问题。最后,借鉴以往深水浮体结构监测案例的做法和经验,以我国南海首座深水半潜式生产储油平台“深海一号”为例,讨论了在台风高发的南海恶劣环境下,开展半潜式平台结构监测的布置方案,为我国南海深水资源装备开发提供参考借鉴。

Comparison of evolution laws of stress and strain fields in hot rolling of titanium alloy large rings with different sizes

For hot rolling of titanium alloy large rings,evolution laws of stress and strain fields in rings with various sizes were explored and compared based on a reliable coupled thermo-mechanical three-dimensional （3D） finite element （FE） model.The results show that for forming processes of different rings,as γ^-（the equivalent distribution ratio of feed amount per revolution of a process） decreases,the final peak Mises stress may transfer from the biting point at the driver roll side to that at the idle roll side,and the final peak equivalent plastic strain may transfer from the outside surface to the inside surface;as L^- （the equivalent deformation zone length of a process） increases,the final peak Mises stress may appear in the middle layer.The final positions of peak Mises stress and equivalent plastic strain are the combined effects of the above two aspects.In the deformation zone of a deformed ring,the surface layers are in the 3D compressive stress state,while the middle layer is in the 1D compressive and 2D tensile stress state or 2D compressive and 1D tensile stress state;the whole ring is in the 1D compressive and 2D tensile strain state.

Anti-Plane Elasticity Problem and Mode Ⅲ Crack Problem of Cubic Quasicrystal

The fracture theory of cubic quasicrystal was developed. The exact analytic solution of a Mode Ⅲ Griffith crack in the material was obtained by using the Fourier transform and dual integral equations theory, and so the displacement and stress fields, the stress intensity factor and strain energy release rate were determined. The results show that the stress intensity factor is independent of material constants, and the strain energy release rate is dependent on all material constants. These provide important information for studying the deformation and fracture of the new solid material.

Tensile deformation behaviors of pure nickel fine wire with a few grains across diameter

Size effects on plastic deformation behaviors in uniaxial micro tension of pure nickel fine wires were investigated experimentally, including flow stress and inhomogeneous deformation behaviors. It is found that with the increase of grain size or the decrease of number of grains across the diameter, the flow stress decreases and inhomogeneous deformation degree increases. When there are less than 9.3 grains across the diameter, the flow stress decreases quickly with the increase of grain size. Then, the flow stress size effect in micro tension of fine wires is revealed by a proposed model by introducing the grain boundary size factor. These results also indicate that both the fracture strain and stress decrease with the increase of grain size. When there are less than 14.7 grains across the diameter, both the fracture strain and stress decrease quickly. This indicates that the inhomogeneous deformation degree in micro tension increases with the decrease of the number of grains across the diameter. The fracture topography tends to be more and more irregular with the decrease of the number of grains across the diameter. Then, the formation mechanism of irregular fracture topography was analyzed considering the inhomogeneous distribution of microstructure when there are a few grains across the diameter.

Influence of Microstructure Change of Seafloor Sediments on the Sound Velocity in them in the Course of Stress-strain

Test tools and methods for synchronizing acoustic measurements in the course of stress-strain for seafloor sediment are elaborated and the test data of 45 sediment samples from the seafloor in the South China Sea are analysed. The result shows that the coarser the sediment grains are, the smaller the porosity is and the larger the unconfined compression strength is, the higher the sound velocity is. In the course of stress-strain, the sediment sound velocity varies obviously with the stress. Acoustic characteristics of sediment in different strain phases and the influence of sediment microstructure change on its sound velocity are discussed. This study will be of important significance for surveying wells of petroleum geology and evaluating the base stabilization of seafloor engineering.

Influence of Device Narrowing on HALO-pMOSFETs' Degradation Under V_g= V_d/2 Stress Mode

The degradation characteristics of both wide and narrow devices under V _g= V _d/2 stress mode is investigated.The width-enhanced device degradation can be seen with devices narrowing.The main degradation mechanism is interface state generation for pMOSFETs with different channel width.The cause of the width-enhanced device degradation is attributed to the combination of width-enhanced threshold voltage and series resistance.

An Analytical Model of Electron Mobility for Strained-Si Channel nMOSFETs

An analytical model of electron mobility for strained-silicon channel nMOSFETs is proposed in this paper. The model deals directly with the strain tensor,and thus is independent of the manufacturing process. It is suitable for （100〉/ 〈110） channel nMOSFETs under biaxial or （100〉/〈 110 ） uniaxial stress and can be implemented in conventional device simulation tools .