The challenge for supply chain management is to create appropriate supply chain contracts so as to optimize the system performance. To examine the role of asymmetric information in a two-echelon supply chain system an...The challenge for supply chain management is to create appropriate supply chain contracts so as to optimize the system performance. To examine the role of asymmetric information in a two-echelon supply chain system and derive supply chain contracts to deal with existing asymmetric information, a two level supply chain model including one Supplier and one retailer under the demand of price elasticity is developed. By using the principalagent principle and the optimal control theory, three types of supply chain contract, i. e. , a wholesale pricing contract, a two-parameter linear and a two-parameter nonlinear contracts are obtained. In these contracts, the Supplier has asymmetric information about the retailer cost structure. Simulation results show that the two-parameter contracts are more effective strategies to achieve supply chain coordination.展开更多
In order to characterize the voltage behavior of a lithium-ion battery for on-board electric vehicle battery management and control applications,a battery model with a moderate complexity was established.The battery o...In order to characterize the voltage behavior of a lithium-ion battery for on-board electric vehicle battery management and control applications,a battery model with a moderate complexity was established.The battery open circuit voltage (OCV) as a function of state of charge (SOC) was depicted by the Nernst equation.An equivalent circuit network was adopted to describe the polarization effect of the lithium-ion battery.A linear identifiable formulation of the battery model was derived by discretizing the frequent-domain description of the battery model.The recursive least square algorithm with forgetting was applied to implement the on-line parameter calibration.The validation results show that the on-line calibrated model can accurately predict the dynamic voltage behavior of the lithium-ion battery.The maximum and mean relative errors are 1.666% and 0.01%,respectively,in a hybrid pulse test,while 1.933% and 0.062%,respectively,in a transient power test.The on-line parameter calibration method thereby can ensure that the model possesses an acceptable robustness to varied battery loading profiles.展开更多
The smart grid has caught great attentions in recent years, which is poised to transform a centralized, producer-controlled network to a decentralized, consumer- interactive network that＇s supported by fine-grained m...The smart grid has caught great attentions in recent years, which is poised to transform a centralized, producer-controlled network to a decentralized, consumer- interactive network that＇s supported by fine-grained monitoring. Large-scale WSNs （Wireless Sensor Networks） have been considered one of the very promising technologies to support the implementation of smart grid. WSNs are applied in almost every aspect of smart grid, including power generation, power transmission, power distribution, power utilization and power dispatch, and the data query processing of ＇WSNs in power grid＇ become an hotspot issue due to the amount of data of power grid is very large and the requirement of response time is very high. To meet the demands, top-k query processing is a good choice, which performs the cooperative query by aggregating the database objects＇ degree of match for each different query predicate and returning the best k matching objects. In this paper, a framework that can effectively apply top-k query to wireless sensor network in smart grid is proposed, which is based on the cluster-topology sensor network. In the new method, local indices are used to optimize the necessary query routing and process intermediate results inside the cluster to cut down the data traffic, and the hierarchical join query is executed based on the local results.Besides, top-k query results are verified by the clean-up process, and two schemes are taken to deal with the problem of node＇s dynamicity, which further reduce communication cost. Case studies and experimental results show that our algorithm has outperformed the current existing one with higher quality results and better efficiently.展开更多
The layered control architecture is designed for the need of the multirobot intelligent team formation.There are three levels:the cooperation task level,the coordination behavior level and the action planning level.Th...The layered control architecture is designed for the need of the multirobot intelligent team formation.There are three levels:the cooperation task level,the coordination behavior level and the action planning level.The cooperation task level uses the potential grid method,which improves the safety of the path and reduces the calculation complexity.The coordination behavior level uses the reinforcement learning which can strengthen the robots’ intelligence.The action planning level uses the fuzzy planning methods to realize the action matching.The communication model transfers the message in different level.This architecture shows not only the independence and the intelligence of the single robot but also the cooperation and the coordination among the robots.In each level,the task is distributed reasonably and clearly.Finally the feasibility of the architecture is verified further in the simulation of the experiment.The expansibility of the architecture is good and the architecture can be used in the similar system.展开更多
文摘The challenge for supply chain management is to create appropriate supply chain contracts so as to optimize the system performance. To examine the role of asymmetric information in a two-echelon supply chain system and derive supply chain contracts to deal with existing asymmetric information, a two level supply chain model including one Supplier and one retailer under the demand of price elasticity is developed. By using the principalagent principle and the optimal control theory, three types of supply chain contract, i. e. , a wholesale pricing contract, a two-parameter linear and a two-parameter nonlinear contracts are obtained. In these contracts, the Supplier has asymmetric information about the retailer cost structure. Simulation results show that the two-parameter contracts are more effective strategies to achieve supply chain coordination.
基金Project(50905015) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘In order to characterize the voltage behavior of a lithium-ion battery for on-board electric vehicle battery management and control applications,a battery model with a moderate complexity was established.The battery open circuit voltage (OCV) as a function of state of charge (SOC) was depicted by the Nernst equation.An equivalent circuit network was adopted to describe the polarization effect of the lithium-ion battery.A linear identifiable formulation of the battery model was derived by discretizing the frequent-domain description of the battery model.The recursive least square algorithm with forgetting was applied to implement the on-line parameter calibration.The validation results show that the on-line calibrated model can accurately predict the dynamic voltage behavior of the lithium-ion battery.The maximum and mean relative errors are 1.666% and 0.01%,respectively,in a hybrid pulse test,while 1.933% and 0.062%,respectively,in a transient power test.The on-line parameter calibration method thereby can ensure that the model possesses an acceptable robustness to varied battery loading profiles.
文摘The smart grid has caught great attentions in recent years, which is poised to transform a centralized, producer-controlled network to a decentralized, consumer- interactive network that＇s supported by fine-grained monitoring. Large-scale WSNs （Wireless Sensor Networks） have been considered one of the very promising technologies to support the implementation of smart grid. WSNs are applied in almost every aspect of smart grid, including power generation, power transmission, power distribution, power utilization and power dispatch, and the data query processing of ＇WSNs in power grid＇ become an hotspot issue due to the amount of data of power grid is very large and the requirement of response time is very high. To meet the demands, top-k query processing is a good choice, which performs the cooperative query by aggregating the database objects＇ degree of match for each different query predicate and returning the best k matching objects. In this paper, a framework that can effectively apply top-k query to wireless sensor network in smart grid is proposed, which is based on the cluster-topology sensor network. In the new method, local indices are used to optimize the necessary query routing and process intermediate results inside the cluster to cut down the data traffic, and the hierarchical join query is executed based on the local results.Besides, top-k query results are verified by the clean-up process, and two schemes are taken to deal with the problem of node＇s dynamicity, which further reduce communication cost. Case studies and experimental results show that our algorithm has outperformed the current existing one with higher quality results and better efficiently.
基金Sponsored by the Scientific Research Foundation of Beijing Normal University and the Grants from the National Postdocteral Foundation of China.
文摘The layered control architecture is designed for the need of the multirobot intelligent team formation.There are three levels:the cooperation task level,the coordination behavior level and the action planning level.The cooperation task level uses the potential grid method,which improves the safety of the path and reduces the calculation complexity.The coordination behavior level uses the reinforcement learning which can strengthen the robots’ intelligence.The action planning level uses the fuzzy planning methods to realize the action matching.The communication model transfers the message in different level.This architecture shows not only the independence and the intelligence of the single robot but also the cooperation and the coordination among the robots.In each level,the task is distributed reasonably and clearly.Finally the feasibility of the architecture is verified further in the simulation of the experiment.The expansibility of the architecture is good and the architecture can be used in the similar system.
