The paper examines the copious correspondence between the English philosopher John Locke （1632-1704） and the French intellectual Nicolas Toinard （1629-1706）; Locke made the acquaintance of Toinard in Paris in 1677...The paper examines the copious correspondence between the English philosopher John Locke （1632-1704） and the French intellectual Nicolas Toinard （1629-1706）; Locke made the acquaintance of Toinard in Paris in 1677 or early in 1678, and the latter remained his lifelong friend and most assiduous correspondent. An Orleanais and a devout Catholic, Toinard combined an intense interest in the Scriptures with an enthusiasm for experimental science and inventions of every kind; he introduced Locke to all the French official institutions and to a number of private laboratories. Toinard＇s principal work, Evangeliorum Harmonia Graeco-Latina, was greatly appreciated by Locke for its new method. The paper attempts to explore the bulk of this correspondence in detail, giving an account of the wide range of topics dealt with in the two hundred letters; it is divided into four paragraphs referring, respectively, to the years 1678-1679, 1679-1681, 1681-1686, and1686-1704. The perspective is diachronic; on some occasions, the focus is on a particular topic which is the object of prolonged discussion between the two correspondents. In the conclusion, attention is drawn to the relevance of this correspondence in the context of the 17th century and of Locke＇s philosophical thought.展开更多
Management development has become a crucial element in the organizations function, and in the lives of their personnel, while working, learning. and developing have become more and more intimately interlinked. In a de...Management development has become a crucial element in the organizations function, and in the lives of their personnel, while working, learning. and developing have become more and more intimately interlinked. In a development-oriented working environment, there is a constant pressure to become ＂better＂, and this necessitates planned, strategic development programs. This paper examines the development of a process- and dialogue-centered approach and its implementation in a hospital environment. The production of information, learning, and professional expertise are seen as strongly dialogic and context-bound processes. During 2010-2011, a project to promote a patient-centered approach in nursing care and organizational reform was carried out at Loimaa Hospital, funded both from the Hospital＇s own resources and with the aid of a grant from the Finnish Work Environment Fund. The goals of the development process were： to reinforce the restructuring of services provision in the Hospital＇s departments; to support the spontaneously launched peer networking among charge nurses and assistant charge nurses; to model a patient-centered approach by means of mentoring; and to reinforce dialogic team working in pairs on the wards. This paper summarises the project＇s findings and describes the principles of the process-centered development.展开更多
文摘The paper examines the copious correspondence between the English philosopher John Locke （1632-1704） and the French intellectual Nicolas Toinard （1629-1706）; Locke made the acquaintance of Toinard in Paris in 1677 or early in 1678, and the latter remained his lifelong friend and most assiduous correspondent. An Orleanais and a devout Catholic, Toinard combined an intense interest in the Scriptures with an enthusiasm for experimental science and inventions of every kind; he introduced Locke to all the French official institutions and to a number of private laboratories. Toinard＇s principal work, Evangeliorum Harmonia Graeco-Latina, was greatly appreciated by Locke for its new method. The paper attempts to explore the bulk of this correspondence in detail, giving an account of the wide range of topics dealt with in the two hundred letters; it is divided into four paragraphs referring, respectively, to the years 1678-1679, 1679-1681, 1681-1686, and1686-1704. The perspective is diachronic; on some occasions, the focus is on a particular topic which is the object of prolonged discussion between the two correspondents. In the conclusion, attention is drawn to the relevance of this correspondence in the context of the 17th century and of Locke＇s philosophical thought.
文摘Management development has become a crucial element in the organizations function, and in the lives of their personnel, while working, learning. and developing have become more and more intimately interlinked. In a development-oriented working environment, there is a constant pressure to become ＂better＂, and this necessitates planned, strategic development programs. This paper examines the development of a process- and dialogue-centered approach and its implementation in a hospital environment. The production of information, learning, and professional expertise are seen as strongly dialogic and context-bound processes. During 2010-2011, a project to promote a patient-centered approach in nursing care and organizational reform was carried out at Loimaa Hospital, funded both from the Hospital＇s own resources and with the aid of a grant from the Finnish Work Environment Fund. The goals of the development process were： to reinforce the restructuring of services provision in the Hospital＇s departments; to support the spontaneously launched peer networking among charge nurses and assistant charge nurses; to model a patient-centered approach by means of mentoring; and to reinforce dialogic team working in pairs on the wards. This paper summarises the project＇s findings and describes the principles of the process-centered development.
