液态复合生物添加剂的制法及应用

发酵原料可选用大米、碎米、谷粉、玉米粉、薯干粉、高粱粉、麦粉中的任一种,轻度变质也不使用,取25kg,加入活力99生酵剂200g,加入清水85kg,于陶缸中搅拌均匀,用塑料膜封口发酵,约十几天后,全部化解,搅拌似水无阻力,香气扑鼻,即可使用。

消臭芳香剂配制技术

配制剂同时具备消臭与赋香两种功能,能缓慢地释放出氧化性气体,将具有恶臭气味的物质氧化和分解,从而消除其不良气味。同时还能不断放出芳香性气体,使空气保持清新和芳香。既可用于汽车、厕所等,也可做为印刷油墨、塑料、橡胶的添加剂,还可放在鞋内消除脚臭。下面通过几个实例介绍其制法及应用。 (1)将含有0.03％三氧化二钛的合成硅酸钙粉末(表面积110平方米/g.吸油量10mL/g.pH=9.2～9.4,粒径1～20μm)在100kg/平方米的压力下制成直径50mm,厚度5～6mm的小片。

Diagrams Produced by Secondary Students in Multiplicative Comparison Word Problems

We investigated the use of diagrams in multiplicative comparison word problems. The diagrams have been considered as one of the effective heuristic strategies or solving math problems. However, how students use during their school and the degree development that shows in their performance when applied to specific fields of knowledge is a task to be elucidated. We place our study in the school stage in which it makes the transition from arithmetic to algebra and arithmetic problems we focus on in the underlying multiplicative comparison scheme. In this paper, we analyzed the responses of high school students to the translation of multiplicative comparison word problems to representation graphs. We have used the responses of 12 -14 year old students （freshman year of secondary school） to represent multiplicative comparison word problems to identify and categorize the students responses, which allowed us identify categories for each type of representation and hypothesize priority order and subordination between the categories. Results show that students are not familiar with building diagrams that integrate existing relations in word problems. Most of the students do not use all the quantitative information contained in the word problem, therefore draw diagrams referring to the subject or context of the problem without relating to the data in it. We describe in detail the quantitative diagram types produced by these students. We have identified four kinds of quantitative diagrams that the students used to represent the multiplicative comparison problems with inconsistent statements, and these diagrams correspond to the four strategies for tackling the construction of the diagram.

Simulating a fuzzy level controller for flotation columns

Level control in flotation columns is an important factor that influences the recovery and the grade of concentrate from the column. A flotation column is a nonlinear, multi-variable problem with changeable parameters that traditional methods have difficulty controlling. We have applied fuzzy control methods to the flotation column and tested the performance of the design by Matlab/Simulink simulation. The simulations show that level control in the flotation column becomes smoother and more rapid with the fuzzy controller. Compared to PID control methods the overshoot in valve position, the adjustment time, and the robustness of the controller are all improved. This indicates that it is suitable to model fuzzy controllers in applications for the study of automatic control of flotation column.

Application of Bit Error Rate Information Based on Weighted Error Estimating Code

Error Estimating Code (EEC) is a new channel coding method to estimate the Bit Error Rate (BER) information of the transmitted sequence. However, the estimated BER is not precise enough if the practical value of BER is high. A weighted EEC estimation method is proposed to improve the accuracy performance of BER estimation by classifying the raw estimation results into intervals and multiplying them by different coefficients separately. The applications of weighted EEC in modulation selection scheme and distributed video coding are discussed. Simulation results show that the EEC-based modulation selection method can achieve better performance at a cost of little redundancy and computation, and the EEC-based rate estimation method in distributed video coding can save the decoding time.

Novel Control Vector Parameterization Method with Differential Evolution Algorithm and Its Application in Dynamic Optimization of Chemical Processes

Two general approaches are adopted in solving dynamic optimization problems in chemical processes, namely, the analytical and numerical methods. The numerical method, which is based on heuristic algorithms, has been widely used. An approach that combines differential evolution （DE） algorithm and control vector parameteri- zation （CVP） is proposed in this paper. In the proposed CVP, control variables are approximated with polynomials based on state variables and time in the entire time interval. Region reduction strategy is used in DE to reduce the width of the search region, which improves the computing efficiency. The results of the case studies demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of the oroposed methods.

Characterization and application of monoclonal antibodies against Shewanella marisflavi, a novel pathogen of Apostichopus japonicus

Shewanella marisflavi strain AP629 was certified as a novel pathogen of the sea cucumber Apostichopusjaponicus. In this study, four monoclonal antibodies （MAbs） （3C1, 3D9, 2F2, 2A8） against strain AP629 were developed by immunizing Balb/C mice. 3C1 and 3D9 recognized S. marisflavi only, showing no cross reactivity to other gram-negative bacteria, However, 2F2 and 2A8 showed cross reactivity to all tested bacteria. Indirect immunofluorescence, and immunogold electron microscopy, showed the binding antigens of 3C1 and 3D9 were located at the secretion on the surface of strain AP629. The binding antigens of 2F2 and 2A8 were noted on the membrane of the cells. MAbs 3C1 and 3D9 recognized the lipopolysaccharide fraction of strain AP629, and 2F2 and 2A8 recognized in western-blotting protein antigens with molecular weights of 113 and 128 kDa respectively. MAbs 3C1 and 3D9 have the potential for use in pathogen diagnosis, epidemiology and studies on the mechanism of how S. marisflavi infects A. japonicus. Imrnunohistochemistry with 3C1 or 3D9 identified strain AP629 in the body wall of infected A. japonicus. In the adult sea cucumbers that were infected via body wall injection, positive signals were observed at the site of skin ulceration, and at the connective tissue of the non-ulcerated body wall. In addition, some large blue-stained cells aggregated at the connective tissue colonized by large numbers of bacteria. In juveniles infected via immersion infection, positive signals were observed at the cuticle of the body wall only. Our results suggest that 3C1 and 3D9 could be used in various immunological assays to study the invasion mechanism of strain AP629 in A. japonicus, the law of bacterial colonization, proliferation in different tissues of A. japonicus, and correlation between secretion on the surface of strain AP629 and its pathogenesis to A. japonicus.

The Application of Microcontroller and PID Technology on the Control of Motor Drive

This paper describes the incremental PID control algorithm and the basic principles of motor soft start, and introduced STM32F103RB8 basic performance microcontroller, combined with incremental PID control advantages, and gives MCU in motor soft start process control application. Practice shows that the incremental PID applications, simplifying the control ideas to improve the performance of the current loop control, limiting the starting current, smooth start-up speed, and achieved good results motor start.

A numerical error analysis method and its application on a 4RRR parallel kinematic machine

To guarantee the accuracy of error analysis and evaluate the manufacturing tolerance s influence,anumerical error analysis method for parallel kinematic machines (PKMs) is presented in this paper.Quasi-Newton method and genetic algorithm are introduced for the forward kinematic solution.Based onthe inverse and forward kinematic solutions,the end-effector s error calculation procedure is developed.To solve the accuracy problem caused by the length and angular parameters' different units,a normalizationmethod is proposed based on the manufacturing tolerance.Comparison between the error analysis resultscalculated by the traditional method and the numerical method for a 4RRR PKM shows that,this numericalerror analysis method is more accurate,simpler,and can evaluate the machine s real error basedon the manufacturing tolerance.

Passive control of along-wind response of tall building

Most of modern tall buildings using lighter construction materials with high strength and less stiffness are more flexible, which occurs excessive wind-induced vibration, resulting in occupant discomfort and structural unsafety. It is necessary to predict wind-induced vibration response and find out a method to mitigate such an excessive wind-induced vibration at the preliminary design stage. Recently, many studies have been conducted in using actuator control force based on the linear quadratic optimum control algorithm. It was accepted as a common knowledge that the performance of passive tuned mass damper(TMD) could increase by incorporating a feedback active control force in the design of TMD, which is called active tuned mass damper(ATMD). However, the fact that ATMD is superior to TMD to reduce wind-induced vibration of a tall building is still a question. The effectiveness of TMD for mitigating the along-wind vibration of a tall building was investigated. Optimum parameters of tuning frequency and damping ratio for TMD under a random load which has a white noise spectra were used. Fluctuating along-wind load acting on a tall building treated as a stationary Gaussian random process was simulated numerically using the along-wind load spectra. And using this simulated along-wind load, along-wind responses of a tall building with and without TMD were calculated and the effectiveness of TMD in mitigating the along-wind response of a tall building was found out.

Cultural Binary Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm and Its Application in Fault Diagnosis

Binary particle swarm optimization algorithm(BPSOA) has the excellent characters such as easy to implement and few set parameters.But it is tendentious to stick in the local optimal solutions and has slow convergence rate when the problem is complex.Cultural algorithm(CA) can exploit knowledge extracted during the search to improve the performance of an evolutionary algorithm and show higher intelligence in treating complicated problems.So it is proposed that integrating binary particle swarm algorithm into cultural algorithm frame to develop a more efficient cultural binary particle swarm algorithm (CBPSOA) for fault feature selection.In CBPSOA,BPSOA is used as the population space of CA;the evolution of belief space adopts crossover,mutation and selection operations;the designs of acceptance function and influence function are improved according to the evolution character of BPSOA.The tests of optimizing functions show the proposed algorithm is valid and effective.Finally,CBPSOA is applied for fault feature selection.The simulations on Tennessee Eastman process (TEP) show the CBPSOA can perform better and more quickly converge than initial BPSOA.And with fault feature selection,more satisfied performance of fault diagnosis is obtained.

Preparation and application of express price index

Firstly, according to the application of price index in other areas, put forward the concept of express price index. And the system of price index theory is carried out, including the index method, index theory, and introduces the development and application of foreign famous commodity index; secondly, basic work in the previous step, put forward the preparation of China＇s express delivery price index, price index as the relationship between supply and demand of express delivery industry price guide.

From Rubbish to a Large Scale Industry： A Simple Fabrication of Superfiber with Multitasking Applications

In the whole earth, people increased dramatically from generation to generation which had created a large scale of broken environment so that people are facing more various types of garbage. Most of garbages are not useful and as a matter of fact, they are used to be neglected. Furthermore, many efforts have been conducted to change it by many types of recycled methods. Here, a simple technique is proposed with and without using fires to transform the useless natural or man-made rubbish things to be a superfiber as well as thin film with multitasking applications in human daily life. Since most of earth environment is covered by oceans, here the authors show how the ocean related garbage such as the crab skins, broken coral reefs and beach stones were changed to be superfiber and a multitasking device prototype.

Applying Digital Image Processing to Evaluate a Extraction Method of Cartographic Features in Digital Images

A topic studied in cartography is to make the extraction of cartographic features that provide the update of cartographic maps more easily. For this reason many automatic routines were created with the intent to perform the features extraction. Despite of all studies about this, some features cannot be found by the algorithm or it can extract some pixels unduly. So the current article aims to show the results with the software development that uses the original and reference image to calculate some statistics about the extraction process. Furthermore, the calculated statistics can be used to evaluate the extraction process.

Design of Weigh Feeder Control System for Energy Saving Using Performance-Adaptive Method

This paper discusses a design method for the control system of a weigh feeder that supplies powder and granular material at a constant rate. Most weigh feeders employed in industry are controlled by proportional and integral （PI） compensation, and the control performance is decided by the selection of parameters. To attain advanced control performance by PI control, the PI parameters are designed on the basis of generalized minimum variance control （GMVC）. In this study, to achieve user-specified control performance by GMVC-based PI control, the design parameters of GMVC are automatically adjusted using a performance-adaptive method. The control performance discussed in this study consists of the variance of the control error and that of the difference in the control input. In a conventional performance-adaptive method, the variance of the control error is reduced. In this study, to reduce energy consumption and to achieve user-specified control performance, the variance of the difference in the control input is specified and the design parameter is determined. To demonstrate its effectiveness, the proposed method is applied to an actual weigh feeder.

Square Wave Voltammetric Behavior of N,N-DiethyI-P-Nitroso Aniline an Indirect Method for Determination of Chlorpheniramin Maleate, Application of Pharmaceutical Formulations

The electrochemical behavior of N,N-diethyl-p-nitroso aniline was carried out using SWV （square wave voltammetric） at HMDE. A well defined reduction peak was observed at （-0.214） volt versus the reference electrode （Ag/AgC1/sat. KCI）, calibration curve was constructed in phosphate buffer （pH = 7.0）, the relationship is linear within the concentration range 1.283 × 10.5 M - 3.66 × 10.5 M with the correlation （R = 0.9923）. The serial addition ofCPM （chlorpheniramine maleate） leads to the decrease in the reduction current peak （Ip）, quantitatively, the plot of Alp （Ip - Ip） where, Ip： Peak current of N, N-diethyl-p-nitroso aniline alone, lp： peak current of N,N-diethyl-p-nitroso aniline in the presence of CPM, versus concentration is linear within the concentration range 0.984 × 10-6 M - 9.756 × 10-6 M, the correlation coefficient was 0.9954. The method was successfully applied to determine CPM in different types of pharmaceutical formulations, and compared with standard method from British Pharmacopeia [1].

Greenhouse Environmental Control Using Optimized, Modeled and Simulated Fuzzy Logic Controller Technique in MATLAB SIMULINK

The main objective of this study is the control of the agricultural greenhouse in view of the economic interest generated by such an activity. A simulation model is developed, gathering all the external and internal climatic conditions that influence the microclimate of the greenhouse to predict the temporal evolution of the state variables characterizing this microclimate. The fuzzy control is an alternative to the approaches proposed by the automatic for the control of complex systems. The performance objectives of the looped systems and the corresponding actions are summarized in the form of rules of expertise, which are spelled out in plain language. This technique thus makes it possible to dispense with the use of mathematical models which are sometimes difficult to obtain. Our objective is the multivariable strategy synthesis and the fuzzy application to a multivariate system （MIMO ~ such as the agricultural greenhouse.） First, the principles of fuzzy logic and fuzzy control are recalled. The origins of non-Linearitys of the command are explained. One of the practical problems of this technique is the combinatorial explosion of the rule base when the number of variables involved becomes large. A solution to simplify the complexity of the system is presented together with an optimization algorithm to automatically adjust the parameters of the fuzzy controller. The last part is devoted to the synthesis of an optimal control of the greenhouse in order to compare it to the fuzzy control implemented.

Application of linear active disturbance rejection control for photoelectric tracking system

Dynamic characteristics and tracking precision are studied in the photoelectric tracking system and a linear active disturbance rejection control( LADRC) scheme is proposed for position loop. A current and speed controller is designed by a transfer function model,which is obtained by adaptive differential evolution. Model error,friction and nonlinear factor existing in position loop are treated as ‘disturbance',which is estimated and compensated by generalized proportional integral( GPI)observer. Comparative results are provided to demonstrate the remarkable performance of the proposed method. It turns out that the proposed scheme is successful and has superior features,such as quick dynamic response,low overshoot and high tracking precision. Furthermore,with the proposed method,friction is suppressed effectively.

Research and Application of Construction Project Cost Control in Engineering Bidding Stage

In order to strengthen cost control in construction project bidding stage, this paper takes the price control in bidding stage as the main line, dedicated to determine the key point in the stage of cost control, and establishes the more objective and reasonable evaluation in view of the comprehensive evaluation method, and combined with the practical application of engineering to demonstrate. This paper not only improved the tendering and bidding stage method of cost control in construction project in our country, and improves the method system of engineering cost control.

中草药白背叶在中兽医临床上的应用

本文阐述了白背叶在中兽医上的原植物鉴定、入药部位的主要化学成分、应用制法、临床应用和研究方向。