广西底定自然保护区两栖爬行动物物种多样性调查

广西底定自然保护区地处南亚热带湿润气候区,两栖爬行动物物种多样性相当丰富。经实地调查及文献资料查阅,现已知两栖动物22种、爬行动物23种。两栖动物反映华中华南区系特征,优势科为角蟾科和蛙科,均有6种;爬行动物反映华南区系特征,优势科为游蛇科,有11种。就该保护区内两栖爬行动物多样性的保护与管理进行了简要探讨。

沿底定深拖曳系统运动仿真

主要研究分析沿底定深拖曳系统的拖体机动性,通过建立沿底定深拖曳系统的数学模型,采用运动仿真计算分析的方法,验证了沿底定深拖曳系统有足够的定深能力和避障能力,但在实际应用中还需要采取辅助手段来提高避障高度。

略论辛亥革命时期上海的独特地位

辛亥革命时期,上海因其独特的地理位置以及交通便捷、信息灵通等因素,许多重大活动均与它有关。上海是当时革命舆论宣传的重镇;自1911年7月同盟会中部总会将总机关设于上海后,它又成为事实上的革命斗争的领导中心;武昌起义爆发后,上海跟踵响应,连带推动苏、浙的光复,并一起共组联军攻克南京,为底定东南和稍后将中华民国临时政府定都南京奠定了基础;孙中山回国到沪后,与同盟会领导人商组中央临时政府.

Stability of undercut space in fragment orebody based on key block theory

Undercut is one kind of important spaces to place the mining blocks in the mass underground mining. This structure is also used as a compensation space during blasting. In the process of underground mining in the fragment orebody, it is important and critical to analyze the stability and blockage of the three-dimensional wedges created around the undercut space. The wedge stability is mainly controlled by factors including geometry （i.e., the size, shape and spatial location of the wedge and undercut）, the strength （shear and tensile） of the discontinuities that created the wedge, and the stress distribution within the rock mass. The Unwedge software was used to conduct the orthogonal simulation tests （three factors and five levels） that considered different cross sections, trends, and plunges of the undercut space. The results demonstrate that the control value of the safety factor of wedge is set to be 1.2. The optimal parameters are determined in the undercut space, such as the blasting fragmentation, orientation of the fluid flow, and the equipment gradeability;the wedge stability can be evaluated in the light of the block images and continuous falling;the stability of the key block meets the needs of the undercut space, the parameters gained are reasonable and optimal. Cross section is 27°, trend is from 315°to 325°（it is 320°at in-suit test） and plunge is 5°.

Failure of circular shaft subjected to hydraulic uplift: Field and numerical investigation

A working shaft for pipe-jacking is going to be excavated into a sand stratum with high hydraulic pressure in Guangzhou, China. A newly assembled pre-stressed retaining system has been proposed to support the shaft for its efficiency, safety and sustainability. Full-scale field tests and numerical analysis were conducted to analyze the base failure of the circular shaft with confined water. The failure process of the shaft was observed on site. The construction process of step-by-step excavation of shaft and layer-by-layer assembly of pre-stressed structure was simulated in detail. Simulation results agree well with the phenomenon on site. The base failure modes present that tensile damage generates at the center of the base due to non-uniform uplift and shear failure occurs along the soil-structure interface. The effects of shaft size and confined water head were also discussed. As a result, a critical ratio of diameter to shaft depth is put forward to assess the size effect of circular shaft. A conclusion that the soil strength should be partially considered in anti-inrushing safety factor calculation is drawn by analysis and comparison of various calculation methods. This research provides a reference for the base stability evaluation of similar shaft subjected to hydraulic uplift.

Effects of water depth and substrate color on the growth and body color of the red sea cucumber,Apostichopus japonicus

Three color variants of the sea cucumber,Apostichopus japonicus are recognized,the red one is highly valued in the market. When the red variant is cultured in ponds in China,its body color changes from red to celadon in 3–6 months. The effects of water depth and substrate color on the growth and body color of this animal were investigated. Juveniles of red A. japonicus were cultured in cages suspended at a range of water depths(20,50,100,150 and 200 cm). The specific growth rate of red sea cucumbers was significantly higher in animals cultured at deeper water layers compared with those grown at shallowers. Body weights were greatest for sea cucumbers cultured at a depth of 150 cm and their survival rates were highest at a depth of 200 cm. A scale to evaluate the color of red sea cucumbers(R value) was developed using a Pantone standard color card. All stocked animals in the 9-month trial retained a red color,however the red body color was much more intense in sea cucumbers cultured at shallower depths,while animals suspended in deeper layers became pale. In a separate trial,A. japonicus were cultured in suspended cages with seven different colored substrates. Substrate color had a significant effect on the growth and body-color of red A. japonicus. The yield were greatest for A. japonicus cultured on a yellow substrate,followed by green > white > orange > red > black and blue. All sea cucumbers in the 7-month trial retained a red color,although the red was most intense(highest R value) in animals cultured on a blue substrate and pale(lowest R value) for animals cultured on a green substrate.

Stability of submarine slopes in the northern South China Sea: a numerical approach

Submarine landslides occur frequently on most continental margins. They are effective mechanisms of sediment transfer but also a geological hazard to seafloor installations. In this paper, submarine slope stability is evaluated using a 2D limit equilibrium method. Considerations of slope, sediment, and triggering force on the factor of safety （FOS） were calculated in drained and undrained （4=0） cases. Results show that submarine slopes are stable when the slope is 〈16° under static conditions and without a weak interlayer. With a weak interlayer, slopes are stable at 〈18° in the drained case and at 〈9° in the undrained case. Earthquake loading can drastically reduce the shear strength of sediment with increased pore water pressure. The slope became unstable at 〉13° with earthquake peak ground acceleration （PGA） of 0.5 g; whereas with a weak layer, a PGA of 0.2 g could trigger instability at slopes 〉 10°, and 〉3 ° for PGA of 0.5 g. The northern slope of the South China Sea is geomorphologically stable under static conditions. However, because of the possibility of high PGA at the eastern margin of the South China Sea, submarine slides are likely on the Taiwan Bank slope and eastern part of the Dongsha slope. Therefore, submarine slides recognized in seismic profiles on the Taiwan Bank slope would be triggered by an earthquake, the most important factor for triggering submarine slides on the northern slope of the South China Sea. Considering the distribution of PGA, we consider the northern slope of the South China Sea to be stable, excluding the Taiwan Bank slope, which is tectonically active.

Identity, Traditions and Lack of Environmental Behaviour

Place memories （traditions）, transmitted through art and the stories of a community, are key elements for the construction of individual and collective identity, connected to specific places. In this regard the authors examined how the representation of traditions affects place identity and in what ways the cultural heritage of the town might influence environmental forms of behaviour such as plans and projects. To this end the authors investigated the small town of Pagani in southern Italy, which has many ancient cultural traditions linked to specific locations and their rituals such as the festival of Our Lady of the Hens. Our contribution favours a qualitative approach in examining the data gathered and a participative methodology. The statistical analysis of the vocabulary distribution within 83 texts concerning town and its traditions, written by local citizens （52% male and 48% female） of different ages （range： 18-78） revealed a strong place identity. Narrative interviews （14） with key people were then analysed by means of grounded theory. In the perspective of conservation psychology the authors finally focussed on how feelings of impotence and social distrust influence relations between citizens and their local environment.

Heavy Metal Determination in the Bottom Solid Waste Ash Produced from Sabah and Shuaiba Hospital Incinerators in Kuwait

In Kuwait, there is growing concern over the disposal of wastes produced by hospitals since hospital wastes contain hazardous and infected wastes. All hospitals in Kuwait have adopted incineration as an alternative method to dispose of their wastes. Due to inefficient combustion of hospital incinerators, the Kuwaiti government decided to shut down all hospital incinerators, while the Sabah Incinerator （SAHI） and Shuaiba Incinerator （SUHI） were kept running. This study was initiated to focus on the determination of heavy metals in the bottom ashes produced by the SAHI and SUHI incinerators. Bottom ash was collected over a period of one year and heavy metals were determined. They were shown variation in their concentrations due to the initial waste composition and the operational procedures of the hospital incinerators.

Structural effect of a soft-hard backfill wall in a gob-side roadway

The stability of a backfill wall is critical to implement gob-side entry driving technology in which a small coal pillar is substituted by a waste backfill wall. Based on features of surrounding rock structures in the backfill wall, we propose a mechanical model on the structural effect of a soft-hard backfill wall using theory analysis, physical experiments and a numerical simulation. The results show thatChe deformation of the structure of the soft-hard backfill wall is coordinated with the roof and floor. The soft structure on the top of the backfill wall can absorb the energy in the roof by its large deformation and adapt to the given deformation caused by the rotation and subsidence of a key rock block. The hard structure at the bottom of the backfill wall can absorb the strong supporting resistance from the top surrounding rock. The soft structure on the top protecting the hard bottom structure by its large deformation contributes to the stability of the entire backfill wall. An application indicated that the stress in the backfill wall effec- tively decreased and its deformation was significantly reduced after the top coal remained. This ensured the stability of the backfill wall.

Determination of isolation layer thickness for undersea mine based on differential cubature solution to irregular Mindlin plate

The differential cubature solution to the problem of a Mindlin plate lying on the Winkler foundation with two simply supported edges and two clamped edges was derived.Discrete numerical technology and shape functions were used to ensure that the solution is suitable to irregular shaped plates.Then,the mechanical model and the solution were employed to model the protection layer that isolates the mining stopes from sea water in Sanshandao gold mine,which is the first subsea mine of China.Furthermore,thickness optimizations for the protection layers above each stope were conducted based on the maximum principle stress criterion,and the linear relations between the best protection layer thickness and the stope area under different safety factors were regressed to guide the isolation design.The method presented in this work provides a practical way to quickly design the isolation layer thickness in subsea mining.

Effect of substrate concentration on stability of anammox biofilm reactors

Ammonium and nitrite are two substrates of anammox bacteria, but they are also inhibitors under high concentrations. The performance of two anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) upflow biofilm (UBF) reactors was investigated. The results show that anammox UBFs become unstable under nitrogen loading rate (NLR) applied higher than 1.0 g/(L·d). The consumptions of acidity in the anammox reaction lead to the increase of pH, which is as high as 8.70-9.05. Free nitrous acid concentration is accompanied to be lower than the affinity constant of anammox bacteria, and then starvation effect appears. Moreover, free ammonia concentration increases to 57-178 mg/L, resulting in inhibitory effect on the anammox bacteria. Both negative effects contribute to the instability of the anammox bioreactors.

A simple theoretical approach for analysis of slide-toe-toppling failure

A prevalent kind of failure of rock slopes is toppling instability.In secondary toppling failures,these instabilities are stimulated through some external factors.A type of secondary toppling failure is"slide-toe-toppling failure".In this instability,the upper and toe parts of the slope have the potential of sliding and toppling failures,respectively.This failure has been investigated by an analytical method and experimental tests.In the present study,at first,the literature review of toppling failure is presented.Then a simple theoretical solution is suggested for evaluating this failure.The recommended method is compared with the approach of AMINI et al through a typical example and three physical models.The results indicate that the proposed method is in good agreement with the results of AMINI et al’s approach and experimental models.Therefore,this suggested methodology can be applied to examining the stability of slide-toe-toppling failure.

Experimental study for the particle size distribution of mine spoil pile cross section

The aim of the experiment is to analyze and view the distribution of gangue withdifferent particle sizes in mine spoil pile cross section.According to the Dimensionalmethod,'Pi'theorem was employed first to abbreviate ten physical and mechanical parametersto three dimensionless groups, and then the similarity criterion and coefficient ofthe experiment were determined and calculated based on particle size distribution curve.The similarity model was designed and constructed to represent the process of the minespoil pile.The profile of the final model shows that the small sized particles mainly composethe upper zone of the mine spoil pile, while the bottom of the pile is dominated bybigger sized particles, and the intermediate section presents a zigzag stripe cross-beddingstructure which is composed by small-medium scale particles and medium-large scaleparticles.Each stripe has two critical angles: one is the angle in which gangue particlescan maintain their stability condition, with approximate range from 24° to 26°; and theother is the angle in which particles can stop gliding downwards, approximately varyingfrom 34° to 36°.

Submarine Pipeline Routing Risk Quantitative Analysis

A new method for submarine pipeline routing risk quantitative analysis was provided, and the study was developed from qualitative analysis to quantitative analysis.The characteristics of the potential risk of the submarine pipeline system were considered, and grey-mode identification theory was used. The study process was composed of three parts: establishing the indexes system of routing risk quantitative analysis, establishing the model of grey-mode identification for routing risk quantitative analysis, and establishing the standard of mode identification result. It is shown that this model can directly and concisely reflect the hazard degree of the routing through computing example, and prepares the routing selection for the future.

Geochemical Studies and Elemental Contaminants in the Bay of the City of Asuncion

Minor and trace elements composition of bottom sediments from the bay of Asunci6n on the Paraguay River have been investigated by XRF （X-ray fluorescence） techniques to determine their correlation as well as provenance. The analysis of complex spectra was performed by the AXIL software and the quantitative analysis by the QAES （quantitative analysis of environmental samples ） software. Analyzed trace elements were the refractory elements Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Zr, Th and others with high field stabilization energy as Cr, Ni, Cu, together with Zn, As, Cd, Pb. Minor elements were Ti, Mn, Fe which are often to the above refractories related. According to their normalized spidergrams, two sets of sediments can be differentiated. Those that show LREE （light rare earth elements） enrichment, negative Nb and Ti anomalies and no spike at Zr and those that have spidergrams very alike, with strong negative anomalies at Nb, Nd and Ti whereas a of Fe versus the refractory elements except Fe-Zr in which correlation seem to be low. positive spike at Zr. In both set, there are strong correlations is negative. Potential hazards of toxic elements in sediments

The protection, development, research and use of intangible cultural heritage in Hebei province

Hebei has a long history, rich cultural heritage, which not only has a lot of tangible cultural heritage, but also has many valuable cultural heritages. This non- material cultural heritage not only is a spiritual wealth and a precious wisdom of Hebei children, but also a treasure of Chinese civilization. Protection of intangible cultural heritage, maintaining national cultural heritage, is an important cultural foundation of enhancing the bond of national emotional, promoting and safeguarding national unity and social stability, and is also a necessary requirement to building an advanced socialist culture, promoting a cultural province construction, building a ＂harmonious Hebei ＂, and achieving better and faster development of Hebei. Conscientiously implement the approach of ＂protection and rescue first, rational use, inheritance and development ＂, and do a really good job of intangible cultural heritage protection, management and rational use.

基于垂向推进方式的AUV低速近底稳定航行

针对低速状态下自治水下机器人(AUV)翼舵力不足的问题,提出了一种基于垂向推进方式的AUV低速近底稳定航行控制方案.基于航速因素,对比分析了翼舵和垂向推进器的推力特性,设计艏艉槽道垂向推进器布置方案.在此基础上通过改进PID(比例-积分-微分)控制策略,优化参数完成垂向运动控制.最后利用某型AUV进行湖上试验,对比翼舵推进方式,得出垂向推进器驱动方式具有更好的低速状态下近底定高航行操控性,实现了控制航行体高度均方差在0.1 m、纵倾均方差在0.5?以下的稳定航行.

拯救意识现象:弥合解释鸿沟还需要什么解释知识

谢弗在最近的研究中试图论证心灵哲学中经典的解释鸿沟与不同层次的实在之间跨层认知的不透明性是同一问题。他认为可以通过底定的形而上学律则来弥合所有的鸿沟。我们将反驳谢弗的论点并进一步辩护意识解释鸿沟问题的特殊性。最后我们认为,真正解开意识的解释鸿沟难题需要包含回答认识论和形而上学两类问题的解释性知识。

Using the BirdTree.org website to obtain robust phylogenies for avian comparative studies： A primer

Comparative studies of trait evolution require accounting for the shared evolutionary history. This is done by includ- ing phylogenetic hypotheses into statistical analyses of species＇ traits, for which birds often serve as excellent models. The online publication of the most complete molecular phylogeny of extant bird species （www.birdtree.org, BirdTree hereafter） now allows evolutionary biologists to rapidly obtain sets of equally plausible phylogenetic trees for any set of species to be incorporated as a phylogenetic hypothesis in comparative analyses. We discuss methods to use BirdTree tree sets for comparative studies, either by building a consensus tree that can be incorporated into standard comparative analyses, or by using tree sets to account for the ef- fect of phylogenetie uncertainty. Methods accounting for phylogenetic uncertainty should be preferred whenever possible because they should provide more reliable parameter estimates and realistic confidence intervals around them. Based on a real compara- tive dataset, we ran simulations to investigate the effect of variation in the size of the random tree sets downloaded from BirdTree on the variability of parameter estimates from a bivariate relationship between mass-specific productivity and body mass. Irre- spective of the method of analysis, using at least 1,000 trees allows obtaining parameter estimates with very small （〈 0.15%） co- efficients of variation. We argue that BirdTree, due to the ease of use and the major advantages over previous ＇traditional＇ meth- ods to obtain phylogenetic hypotheses of bird species （e.g. supertrees or manual coding of published phylogenies）, will become the standard reference in avian comparative studies for years to come.