Realistic simulation of underwater scene is always difficult because of the special and complex vision effects in underwater space. Seabed is an important part of underwater environment. This paper describes the metho...Realistic simulation of underwater scene is always difficult because of the special and complex vision effects in underwater space. Seabed is an important part of underwater environment. This paper describes the methods for seabed scene simulation based on OpenGL. It includes construction of fluctuant terrain based on the random sinusoidal algorithm, simulation of seabed flicker effect by means of circular texture mapping and generation of turbidity effect by using fog techniques. For the application based on the leading high level 3D development environment - Vega, underwater scene simulation is still a difficulty since there is no module for it. Rased on the analysis of Vega software and the research on seabed scene simulation methods, a Vega extending module named 'Underwater Space' was created through developing module class and extending lynx interface. The module class was designed through developing DLL written in C + + . The Lynx was extended through developing keyword configure file, GUI configure file and lynx plug-in DLL. The problem that Vega can't simulate underwater space, is elementarily resolved. The results show that this module is efficient, easy using, and the seabed scene images are vivid.展开更多
As a new tourism pattern, red tourism develops rapidly in China. In Shandong, not only the red cultural heritage is rich, but also the red tourism resources are rich, but the development is not very successful now. Th...As a new tourism pattern, red tourism develops rapidly in China. In Shandong, not only the red cultural heritage is rich, but also the red tourism resources are rich, but the development is not very successful now. The paper aims at surveying the status of Shandong red tourism, and analyzes the evaluation of tourists on red tourist attractions by the way of market research. The research indicates that red tourism has the problems including improper publicity, single development model and imperfect infrastructures, for which the paper proposes the suggestions such as multi-channel publicity and multi-mode development. The research results of the paper not only provides scientific basis for developing red tourism in Shandong, but also provides reference for practical management on red tourism.展开更多
Lorentz curve fittings are applied to frequency distributions of the concentrations of O3, CO, NOx and SO2 recorded at the Jinsha regional atmospheric background station （JSH） from June 2006 to July 2007, and the pe...Lorentz curve fittings are applied to frequency distributions of the concentrations of O3, CO, NOx and SO2 recorded at the Jinsha regional atmospheric background station （JSH） from June 2006 to July 2007, and the peak concentrations of these species for the different seasons are obtained. The peak concentrations are considered to be representative of different background levels for certain processes. The peak concentrations are compared with the corresponding mean （median） concentrations, and the suitability and limitations of the mean （median） values as the background levels are discussed. The mean （median） values might represent the background concentrations in the region under some circumstances, but in other cases these values often underestimate or overestimate the true background concentrations owing to the transport of pollutants and other factors. The effects of air masses transported from different regions on the pollutant background concentrations are obtained by analyzing the 72-hour backward trajectories of air masses 100m above the ground at JSH, These trajectories are estimated using the HYSPLIT model and then clustered for the measurement period. The spatial distribution and seasonal variations of trajectories and the corresponding mean concentrations of O3, SO〉 NOx and CO for different clusters are analyzed. After filtering the seasonal changes in pollutant concentrations, the relative influences of air masses from different regions are obtained. The results show that JSH can be used to obtain the atmospheric background information of different air masses originating from or passing over the Yangtze River Delta, Central South China and the Jianghan Plain. Air masses from Central China, South China, and the western Yangtze River Delta contribute significantly to O3 at JSH. Air masses from the north and northeast of JSH （i.e., the Jianghan Plain, Huang-Huai Plain and North China Plain） and the south （Central South China） contribute significantly to SO2, CO and NOx concentrations. Air masses originating from the ocean often bring clean air. Air masses originating from high altitudes over northwestern regions often have lower CO and NO3 concentrations, lower relative humidity, and higher concentrations of O3 and SO2.展开更多
基金the National Defense Pre-research Foundation(51404040203)
文摘Realistic simulation of underwater scene is always difficult because of the special and complex vision effects in underwater space. Seabed is an important part of underwater environment. This paper describes the methods for seabed scene simulation based on OpenGL. It includes construction of fluctuant terrain based on the random sinusoidal algorithm, simulation of seabed flicker effect by means of circular texture mapping and generation of turbidity effect by using fog techniques. For the application based on the leading high level 3D development environment - Vega, underwater scene simulation is still a difficulty since there is no module for it. Rased on the analysis of Vega software and the research on seabed scene simulation methods, a Vega extending module named 'Underwater Space' was created through developing module class and extending lynx interface. The module class was designed through developing DLL written in C + + . The Lynx was extended through developing keyword configure file, GUI configure file and lynx plug-in DLL. The problem that Vega can't simulate underwater space, is elementarily resolved. The results show that this module is efficient, easy using, and the seabed scene images are vivid.
文摘As a new tourism pattern, red tourism develops rapidly in China. In Shandong, not only the red cultural heritage is rich, but also the red tourism resources are rich, but the development is not very successful now. The paper aims at surveying the status of Shandong red tourism, and analyzes the evaluation of tourists on red tourist attractions by the way of market research. The research indicates that red tourism has the problems including improper publicity, single development model and imperfect infrastructures, for which the paper proposes the suggestions such as multi-channel publicity and multi-mode development. The research results of the paper not only provides scientific basis for developing red tourism in Shandong, but also provides reference for practical management on red tourism.
基金supported by National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2005CB4222002)Project of China Meteorological Administration (Grant No. GYHY[QX]200706005)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40705042)
文摘Lorentz curve fittings are applied to frequency distributions of the concentrations of O3, CO, NOx and SO2 recorded at the Jinsha regional atmospheric background station （JSH） from June 2006 to July 2007, and the peak concentrations of these species for the different seasons are obtained. The peak concentrations are considered to be representative of different background levels for certain processes. The peak concentrations are compared with the corresponding mean （median） concentrations, and the suitability and limitations of the mean （median） values as the background levels are discussed. The mean （median） values might represent the background concentrations in the region under some circumstances, but in other cases these values often underestimate or overestimate the true background concentrations owing to the transport of pollutants and other factors. The effects of air masses transported from different regions on the pollutant background concentrations are obtained by analyzing the 72-hour backward trajectories of air masses 100m above the ground at JSH, These trajectories are estimated using the HYSPLIT model and then clustered for the measurement period. The spatial distribution and seasonal variations of trajectories and the corresponding mean concentrations of O3, SO〉 NOx and CO for different clusters are analyzed. After filtering the seasonal changes in pollutant concentrations, the relative influences of air masses from different regions are obtained. The results show that JSH can be used to obtain the atmospheric background information of different air masses originating from or passing over the Yangtze River Delta, Central South China and the Jianghan Plain. Air masses from Central China, South China, and the western Yangtze River Delta contribute significantly to O3 at JSH. Air masses from the north and northeast of JSH （i.e., the Jianghan Plain, Huang-Huai Plain and North China Plain） and the south （Central South China） contribute significantly to SO2, CO and NOx concentrations. Air masses originating from the ocean often bring clean air. Air masses originating from high altitudes over northwestern regions often have lower CO and NO3 concentrations, lower relative humidity, and higher concentrations of O3 and SO2.
