芪菀通府方治疗老年麻痹性肠梗阻25例

目的观察芪菀通府方治疗老年麻痹性肠梗阻疗效。方法 25例麻痹性肠梗阻患者在常规治疗基础上加自拟芪菀通府方每日3次胃管内注入,观察患者肠鸣音、排气、排便恢复时间。结果 25例患者均治愈。结论芪菀通府方扶正通府,通补兼施,是适合治疗老年麻痹性肠梗阻的有效方法。

宣通玄府方防治白内障术后干眼症状的临床观察

目的:观察宣通玄府方防治白内障术后干眼症状的临床效果。方法:选取被诊断为白内障并接受白内障超声乳化吸除联合人工晶状体植入术的患者共160例,随机分为两组。对照组患者接受常规治疗,治疗组患者则在接受常规治疗的基础上还于术前、术后接受宣通玄府方内服外熏治疗。比较两组患者在术前1周和术后1周、2周、2个月时的泪腺分泌功能试验结果、泪膜破裂时间和眼表疾病指数评分。结果:术后2个月时,治疗组患者的泪腺分泌功能显著优于对照组患者(P<0.01),眼表疾病指数评分显著低于对照组患者(P=0.003),但泪膜破裂时间与对照组患者没有显著差异。结论:加用宣通玄府方防治白内障术后干眼症状的效果优于单用常规治疗方法。

汉魏六朝尚方职能及其与皇权关系

汉晋时期,尚方隶属少府,主要为皇帝和宫廷制器。南北朝时期,尚方机构及其职能发生变化,但南朝与北朝又有差异。南朝左尚方负责王朝军械制作,右尚方仍为宫廷制器。左尚方制军械,改变了尚方的“私奉养”性质。北朝自魏孝文帝以来,尚方改隶太府,被纳入朝廷财政体系,制器不再仅供皇帝和宫廷使用。南北朝尚方及其职能变化,虽不尽一致,但尚方“私奉养”色彩皆渐淡化。不过,汉晋六朝尚方一直具有为皇帝和宫廷制器的职责。尚方制器被称作“御器物”“禁器物”,成为皇帝与臣民身份差异的外在体现,堪称皇权的物质象征。历朝通常禁止臣民私求或仿造尚方器物,但魏晋以降,因皇权衰落,管控力度减弱。

探析香港广府方言海报的限定与提炼

方言是一种社会现象,与人们的日常生活息息相关。因此,方言与社会生活的互动关系存在相当高的研究价值。而在中国地区的众多地区方言中,广府方言无疑是极具特色的,往往成为现代设计师创作的一个元素,糅合到其作品当中。而以广府方言为主要设计元素的海报,我们统称为广府方言海报。本文中的"广府方言海报"。

通府解毒方治疗斑状银屑病随机平行对照研究

[目的]观察通府解毒方治疗斑状银屑病疗效。[方法]使用随机平行对照方法,将120例门诊及住院患者按抛硬币法简单随机分为两组。对照组60例活血解毒方(丹参、当归各15g,生地黄30g,麦冬、玄参、鸡血藤各15g,土茯苓30g,威灵仙10g,白鲜皮30g,莪术9g,鬼箭羽、白花蛇舌草各15g),1剂/d,水煎300m L,早晚口服。治疗组60例通府解毒方(麻黄炙、桂枝、苦杏仁、黑附片各9g,生石膏30g,羚羊角粉0.6g,细辛3g,紫草15g,莪术9g,白花蛇舌草20g,生姜10g,大枣15g,甘草6g),1剂/d,水煎300m L,早晚口服。连续治疗90d为1疗程。观测临床症状、皮损、不良反应。治疗1疗程,判定疗效。[结果]治疗组显效36例,有效18例,无效6例,总有效率90.00%。对照组显效18例,有效21例,无效21例,总有效率65.00%。治疗组疗效优于对照组(P<0.05)。[结论]通府解毒方治疗斑状银屑病腹泻效果显著,值得推广。

血府逐淤汤加减用于治疗子宫内膜异位症痛经的临床效果

目的研究子宫内膜异位症痛经行以中药(血府逐淤汤加减方)治疗临床疗效。方法将本院接收的80例子宫内膜异位症痛经患者随机分成两组,即对照组、研究组,组内患者分别为40例。对照组行以西药(米非司酮)治疗,研究组给予中药(血府逐淤汤加减方)治疗,对比组间患者临床疗效,观察其治疗前后疼痛评分,同时对比其疾病复发率。结果与对照组77.5%/12.5%相比,研究组总有效率95%更高,复发率0.0%更低,且治疗后研究组疼痛评分显著低于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义,P<0.05。结论子宫内膜异位症痛经行以中药(血府逐淤汤加减方)治疗效果显著,可有效改善患者临床症状,缓解疼痛,降低疾病复发率,临床应用价值显著。

苗族各种族称来源及其含义(续篇)

笔者在《贵州文史丛刊》1987年1期发表《苗族各种族称来源及其含义》一文,言未有尽,故用原题,补撰是篇,拟对黔东南苗族其他自称的来源及其含义,继续进行探索。在黔东南,有三个较大的苗族部落群体,分别自称为“嘎娜”(ghab nes)、“待黎”(dail dlib)、“待方”(dail fangs)。“嘎娜”的来源与含义,本题前篇已经论及,恕不赘述。本篇只就“待黎”、“待方”两个部落自称的来源及其含义,进行分析。“待黎”与“待方”是苗族"dail dlib”与“dail Fangs”的音译。“待”为词头,“黎”与“方”分别为这两个部落的自称。“待黎”内部各个氏族,有的又自称为“待柳”(dail Liux)、“待利”

Governmental policies on HIV infection in China

This article is a general review of the evolvement of HIV/AIDS-related public policies in China since 1980’s. It tracks the important laws, regulations and other governmental documents in regard to HIV/AIDS prevention mainly at central level.

AModeling Analysis of Local Governments Competing in Offering Subsidies to Attract Investment：the Cause of Industrial Overcapacity]

Although championed by academia and policy-makers, the theory of ＂wave phenomenon＂ is a questionable explanation for overcapacity. First, enterprises do not necessarily share the same expectation for future demand of a promising industry. Second, in its model, overcapacity is explained as a deviation from equilibrium under the incomplete information hypothesis, which is in fact nothing but normal in a market economy. The prime reason for overcapacity resides in the fact that local governments are engaged in a subsidy competition to attract investment. We endeavor to illustrate the following via modeling： the subsidy effect produced by local government＇s offering of cheaper land and matching loans results in less investment from companies. Under this circumstance, enterprises channel a disproportionate amount of funding to building production capacity, which overloads the entire industry. To address the problem, reforms are needed in land property, environmental protection policies, and financial and fiscal systems.

Administrative Urbanization and City-making in Post-reform China: A Case Study of Ordos City, Inner Mongolia

In post-reform China, local governments, instead of the central state, have become major promoters of urbanization. Differing from the existing literature based on Western theories, this article argues that a localized perspective, ‘administrative urbanization', can provide a contextual explanation for the mechanism of urbanization in the reform era. The case study of Ordos indicates that new town construction, especially in the inland area, has become the main strategy for investment attraction and economic development. The local government has played a dominant role in this construction through a series of administrative measures, including avoidance of central state regulations, land leasing, high standard infrastructure construction, relocation policies and industrial attraction. This article also explores the issue of unsustainability in the new town, and identifies that underdeveloped industrialization, slow population agglomeration and real estate bubbles are primary threats to the sustainability of administrative urbanization.

Transfer payments from the central government to the local governments and the local governments' efforts on taxation: taking China as an example

The influence of the transfer payments from the central government to the local governments on the local governments＇ efforts on taxation must be taken into consideration by every country for the design of the transfer payments. Based on the theoretical analysis on the influence of the transfer payments from the central government to the local governments＇ on the local governments＇ payments＇, this paper indicates that the local governments＇ efforts on taxation depends on the demand elasticity of the district for public goods, It increases with the increase of the elasticity. Judge the degree of the local govet：nment＇s efforts on taxation by measure 2. After an empirical analysis on the transJer payments from the central government to the local governments＇from 2000 to 2004, this paper gets the con- clusion that the local governments＇ effbrts on taxation ctbates with the increase of supporting payments or with the increase of the ratio of transfer payments to local wiliing public paymentS. Under speCific Circumstances, the higher the ratio of transfer payments to the local fiscal expenditure is. the smaller the local governments＇ efforts＇ on taxation is＂ under the central payments, whereas＇ the higher the local income is, the higher the efforts is under the central pav- ments. Based on this＇, this paper gives the meaning of its eOrresponding pofiCieS. ＂

Varieties of Igbo Dialect A Study of Some Communities in Old Aguata Local Government Area

The Igbo language has grown and developed to what is known as Standard Igbo （Igbo Izugbe） today. Series of efforts have gone into the modification and invention of words to ensure wider acceptability and intelligibility While this is a welcome idea, the tendency of the loss of communal identity in terms of the original local variety of the Igbo Language spoken by each community becomes very obvious. As Igbos can easily distinguish an Anambra man from an Imo man, it is also necessary that within Arlambra, one should be able to locate a particular town in the area through the spoken Igbo Language variety. This paper studies some of these local variants and advocates for a method of preserving such rich cultural heritage which are so valuable for posterity

The Planning, Organization and Management of Post-disaster Reconstruction of the Lushan Earthquake Based on the Local as the Main Body

A new organization and management mechanism with the local government as the main body was created during the post-disaster reconstruction of the "4. 20 " Lushan earthquake,in which the experiences and lessons were drawn from the "5. 12"Wenchuan earthquake. Correspondingly, the local government conducted an exploration of the organization and management mode in the field of planning and construction. The effective experiences have been accumulated, including working out a full coverage planning,taking the leading part in the urban-rural planning,and exercising whole space control over the disaster area. An innovation management mode named as "Five Generals Pattern"was implemented in the construction projects. In view that the rural housing reconstruction was a weak link, a new approach to improving the construction management was investigated,by means of strengthening on-site supervision,establishing a technical platform,and bolstering public participation.

Local Government Debt Management Solutions

Two rounds of leveraging-up have led to a high debt ratio in the Chinese economy, triggered liquidity mismatch and increased systemic financial risks. The key causes of local government liabilities are soft budget constraints and non-market-based factor allocation. Currently, the risks of local government liabilities are generally controllable. This paper concludes that the long-term solution to managing local government liabilities is to enhance budget constraint and institutional assurance and proposes countermeasures in the reform of urban construction investment and ftnancing mechanisms.

Evaluation of the Policies for Seismic Retrofit of Buildings

The Japanese government has established a law to Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake in 1995. This paper evaluates the incentives of the policies related to the law. The data shows achieved in 2018 if the current trends of improvement will supports the school retrofit works that are carried out by the promote seismic retrofitting of buildings immediately after the Great effectiveness, efficiency, administrative feasibility and technological that the policy target of seismic safety of existing buildings will be be continued. In the field of school buildings, national government local governments, using the guideline for school retrofit. However, there are still significant issues to make all buildings safe. One of the key challenges is how to persuade the elderly who would not invest their money to improve their old houses. Another challenge is to make owners understand the importance and have priority in improving the seismic safety of buildings. Currently many efforts are taken by the local governments, such as holding seminars for local communities, preparing financial support schemes, providing consultancy for seismic assessment and making earthquake hazard maps. This paper also provides comments on the improvement of the current policies for promoting seismic retrofit based on some international experiences in retrofit of buildings.

Local Development Fee in Slovak Republic

With the advent of tax and expenditure limitations, state and local governments have been searching for new sources of revenue to maintain or expand public services. The need for new sources of revenue has been particularly acute in localities that have experienced rapid growth. The new act No. 447 of November 20, 2015 on Local Development Fee was approved in Slovakia. The Act comes into force on November 1, 2016. The paper points out possible problems associated with the introduction of the local development fee abroad and discribes the situation in Slovakia.

Unjust Decision Making Resulting in Marginalization of the Powerless Prostitution Community in Silir-Semanggi of Solo

The city government of Solo has made a decision that street vendors operating in the city＇s Revolution Monument in Banjarsari Square for years must be relocated to the new built traditional market, called Pasar Notoharjo. This study utilized ethnographic methods, a combination of methods including observation, in-depth interview, focus group and the unobtrusive method including collecting written information. The study showed that the decision of Solo city government which tended to privilege street vendors＇ interests resulted in the life chance of prostitution was deteriorated and marginalized. The city government has accommodated street vendors＇ demand to remove ,the organized prostitution community operating in Silir-Semanggi of Solo since 1960s as one of requirements for their relocation to this area, where the new built traditional market with more than one thousand kiosks was provided for street vendors. The procuresses＇ demand to obtain their rights of the land they occupied for more than 20 years on behalf of their legal ownership failed due to administrative, bureaucratic and legal obstacles. Prostitutes were inhumanly chased away by the city government apparatuses in collaboration with the police from the site of operation in 2006 and it resulted that the social and economic lives of procuresses and prostitutes got worse since their prostitution activities in this location were totally forbidden and unfinished. Both procuresses and prostitutes were marginalized because they did not have links to the powerful stakeholder who were able to protect their rights. Their health was in danger because the city government＇s concern to their activities was limited in particularly since 1998 when the location was formally closed by Solo mayor of the new order.

Perceived Influence of Toothpaste Repackaging on Purchase Predisposition of Customers in Owo, Ondo State

Packaging has advanced from being preserver of products to being a visible billboard and a silent salesman for products. This has made the manufacturers to keep repackaging their products especially toothpaste. The paper therefore examines perceived influence of the toothpaste repackaging on the purchase predisposition of the residents of Owo Local Government Area using Mymy, Close Up, Macleans and Pepsodent as case study. Survey design was employed for the study while two hundred copies of questionnaire were administered to two hundred respondents who were selected through purposive sampling. The finding revealed that there is significant influence of change in packaging of tooth paste on the consumers＇ purchase predisposition which may invariably lead to purchase of these brands of tooth paste. The study therefore recommends that manufacturers should introduce changes in elements of tooth paste carefully and gradually in order to study the consumers＇ reaction to such change.

The Impact of Tax Policies on Taxpayers Budget in Terms of Risk, Sensitivity and Volatility

Local and central governments are concerned to develop fiscal policies that are based on principles already enshrined in the literature as the principle of equity and/or the principle of fiscal appropriateness. Beyond these principles, the governments want to make sure that all taxpayers have the capacity to pay at maturity the tax debts owed to the public budget. In crisis situations, as recent experience has shown, governments adopt fiscal policy measures, with the sole purpose of procuring financial resources to cover the huge government budget deficits. In this situation, a natural question arises： Do governments need, for the elaboration of their fiscal policy, an analysis that takes into account the taxpayer＇s budget？ Or is it sufficient that they confine only to the theoretical principles enshrined in the literature or the tax paying ability of the taxpayers？ The answer can only be affirmative, because any taxpayer＇s budget is an inexhaustible source of resources for the public budgets. It is undisputed that in the taxpayer＇s budget, the tax expenditures coexist with other categories of expenditures such as consumption expenditures, durable expenditures and public utilities expenditures. Each expenditure type is risk-bearing. To study the structure of budget expenditures within the taxpayer, the authors suggest the use of three indicators innovative for the science of public finance： the risk, the sensitivity coefficient and the coefficient of volatility. Depending on the values registered by the three indicators of fiscal policies, expenditures can be classified as risky, volatile and sensitive which may lead to risks of failure to collect the taxes and/or to tax evasion. Innovative for the science of public finances is that the fundamentation of the fiscal policies is realized using the three indicators, the budget of the taxpayer and the networking between the categories of expenditures that fall within its budget structure

Property Tax Performance of Local Authorities in Malaysia

Property tax income of local authorities has become more challenging due to robust developments. Property tax revenue is the main income for local authorities that are used to pay for services and maintenance in the local authority administrative areas. However, the amount of revenue collected is decreasing due to the serious problem of property tax arrears that affects the administrative system and as a corollary, the delivery of services by local authorities. The performance measurement of property tax is very important in order to manage the services, and for maintenance and development of sustainable local authorities. Therefore, this paper represents a review of the Malaysian local authority property tax collection performance. The rating system is applied to address the performance of property tax collection in Malaysia. The result revealed that most of the property tax collection in Malaysia performed under inadequate level. Property tax collection statistics for the research include the total revenue and property tax arrears for each local authority in Malaysia within five years from 2004 to 2007. It is expected that this property tax performance will be employed as a basis to pursue the appropriate, innovative, and creative approaches for local authorities in Malaysia.