To degrade the organic compounds in the electroplating wastewater,magnetic field was tentatively introduced into electrocatalytic oxidation on Ti-PbO2 anode.The magnetic field assisted electrocatalytic oxidation can p...To degrade the organic compounds in the electroplating wastewater,magnetic field was tentatively introduced into electrocatalytic oxidation on Ti-PbO2 anode.The magnetic field assisted electrocatalytic oxidation can promote anion movement and the generation of active species,resulting more organic compounds to be oxidized and degraded.Oxidation parameters such as treatment time,current density and initial pH of the wastewater were systematically discussed and optimized.The mineralization of organic compounds is improved by over 15% under a magnetic density of 22 mT while the current density is 50 A/m2,pH is 1.8 and the reaction time is 1.5 h.The results indicate that the magnetic field assisted electrocatalytic oxidation has considerable potential in electroplating wastewater treatment.展开更多
Wastewaters from slaughterhouses are characterized by a high concentration of oils and greases that can cause problems in conventional treatments. The degradation of difficult pollutants in more easily degradable prod...Wastewaters from slaughterhouses are characterized by a high concentration of oils and greases that can cause problems in conventional treatments. The degradation of difficult pollutants in more easily degradable products can be mediated by enzymes. Enzymatic hydrolysis facilitates the biodegradation because it makes the organic material is made available as compounds of lower molecular weight, the lipids being made available in the form of free fatty acids. The application of enzymes as processing aids in wastewater treatment has some advantages, such as the specificity that allows control of the products, which leads to increased income generation for the non-toxic byproducts and moderate conditions of operation. The objective of this work was optimizing the conditions for lipids enzymatic hydrolysis present in swine slaughterhouse wastewaters using lipolytic enzymes and subsequent biological treatment study. Temperature, pH and enzyme concentration were the variables tested. The enzymes showed good activity and could therefore be used for the hydrolysis process proposed here. The optimized conditions to maximize the release of fatty acids were： temperature of 36 ℃, pH 8.5 and enzyme concentration of 1.1%, yielding fatty acids in the order of 31.50μmol/mL for lipase and 31.13 μmol/mL for phospholipase. All variables influenced the release of fatty acids. The maximum yield of biogas was 89.65 mL in the reactor added the sludge, raw wastewater and phospholipase in the conditions optimized the hydrolysis step, obtaining a chemical oxygen demand （COD） reduction of 90.01% in relation to the value of the COD of the raw wastewater.展开更多
本文是关于对将生皮制成革的过程中用水量评估的研究。调查研究了Rio Grande do Sul州（以后简称“里州”）的制革厂对环境及水资源的影响，评估水的需用量，以及从准备、鞣制及复鞣过程中，排出的废水中化材的浓度。制订一个调查表，...本文是关于对将生皮制成革的过程中用水量评估的研究。调查研究了Rio Grande do Sul州（以后简称“里州”）的制革厂对环境及水资源的影响，评估水的需用量，以及从准备、鞣制及复鞣过程中，排出的废水中化材的浓度。制订一个调查表，用以明确制革厂水管理方面的问题，寻找可能的改进途径。本项研究开发出一个简单及客观的方法，叫做IRGO法（I：不足，R：合格，G：好，0：优秀），将该方法在10个制革厂试用。当完成调查表后，就可了解现实与理想的差距以及怎样制定改进的方法。结果表明，生产过程消耗大量的水，但回收利用的工厂很少。传统的浸灰过程采用硫化物、石灰及胺，在里州已采用循环利用的工艺。尽管大部分制革过程中脱灰时不用氨，但在水洗及脱灰时仍需用大量的水。鞣制常用的方法为铬鞣，但未循环利用。由于环保部门强烈要求，废水处理场对所获得的结果颇为满意。展开更多
基金Project(2008ZX07101-006-09) supported by the Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment of China
文摘To degrade the organic compounds in the electroplating wastewater,magnetic field was tentatively introduced into electrocatalytic oxidation on Ti-PbO2 anode.The magnetic field assisted electrocatalytic oxidation can promote anion movement and the generation of active species,resulting more organic compounds to be oxidized and degraded.Oxidation parameters such as treatment time,current density and initial pH of the wastewater were systematically discussed and optimized.The mineralization of organic compounds is improved by over 15% under a magnetic density of 22 mT while the current density is 50 A/m2,pH is 1.8 and the reaction time is 1.5 h.The results indicate that the magnetic field assisted electrocatalytic oxidation has considerable potential in electroplating wastewater treatment.
文摘Wastewaters from slaughterhouses are characterized by a high concentration of oils and greases that can cause problems in conventional treatments. The degradation of difficult pollutants in more easily degradable products can be mediated by enzymes. Enzymatic hydrolysis facilitates the biodegradation because it makes the organic material is made available as compounds of lower molecular weight, the lipids being made available in the form of free fatty acids. The application of enzymes as processing aids in wastewater treatment has some advantages, such as the specificity that allows control of the products, which leads to increased income generation for the non-toxic byproducts and moderate conditions of operation. The objective of this work was optimizing the conditions for lipids enzymatic hydrolysis present in swine slaughterhouse wastewaters using lipolytic enzymes and subsequent biological treatment study. Temperature, pH and enzyme concentration were the variables tested. The enzymes showed good activity and could therefore be used for the hydrolysis process proposed here. The optimized conditions to maximize the release of fatty acids were： temperature of 36 ℃, pH 8.5 and enzyme concentration of 1.1%, yielding fatty acids in the order of 31.50μmol/mL for lipase and 31.13 μmol/mL for phospholipase. All variables influenced the release of fatty acids. The maximum yield of biogas was 89.65 mL in the reactor added the sludge, raw wastewater and phospholipase in the conditions optimized the hydrolysis step, obtaining a chemical oxygen demand （COD） reduction of 90.01% in relation to the value of the COD of the raw wastewater.
文摘本文是关于对将生皮制成革的过程中用水量评估的研究。调查研究了Rio Grande do Sul州（以后简称“里州”）的制革厂对环境及水资源的影响，评估水的需用量，以及从准备、鞣制及复鞣过程中，排出的废水中化材的浓度。制订一个调查表，用以明确制革厂水管理方面的问题，寻找可能的改进途径。本项研究开发出一个简单及客观的方法，叫做IRGO法（I：不足，R：合格，G：好，0：优秀），将该方法在10个制革厂试用。当完成调查表后，就可了解现实与理想的差距以及怎样制定改进的方法。结果表明，生产过程消耗大量的水，但回收利用的工厂很少。传统的浸灰过程采用硫化物、石灰及胺，在里州已采用循环利用的工艺。尽管大部分制革过程中脱灰时不用氨，但在水洗及脱灰时仍需用大量的水。鞣制常用的方法为铬鞣，但未循环利用。由于环保部门强烈要求，废水处理场对所获得的结果颇为满意。
