二氧化氯消毒在废水处理中的应用分析

确定了医院废水采用二氧化氯进行消毒,具有消毒效果好、符合污染物国家一级排放标准(GB8978-1996)、运行费用低等特点。本实践给同类污水消毒,提供了借鉴作用。

化学工艺在废水处理中的应用

水污严重和水生态恶化仍然是我国现阶段水源的根本问题,如果能采取有效的废水利用无疑减缓了淡水短缺速度,为此世界各国逐渐重视废水处理问题,研究废水回收与净化工作,我国同样把废水处理与回收问题纳入到持续发展战略中。

无机陶瓷膜在水处理中应用研究综述

对无机陶瓷膜分离技术进行简要剖析,从结构、特点、分离原理等方面分析其具有优良分离性能的原因,并对其在各领域的应用研究及进展进行了简要介绍。最后,对无机陶瓷膜技术在水处理中存在问题及未来发展趋势进行了讨论。

煤矿井下废水处理

本文根据煤矿的实际情况，对煤矿井下废水的处理及利用进行论述，并介绍了部分矿井井下排水经处理作为矿井用水水源的处理工艺及应用实例。

UASB-SBR工艺处理屠宰废水

介绍 USAB-SBR工艺处理屠宰废水的工程应用。设计的 USAB-SBR工艺具有处理效果好、能耗低、产泥少等特点。当废水 CODcr在 2 50 0～ 350 0 mg/ L时 ,出水可达标排放 ( CODcr≤ 1 50 mg/ L)

膜生物反应器处理废水技术研究进展

介绍了膜生物反应器(MBR)及其废水处理特点。阐述了影响膜生物反应器工艺运行的主要因素,包括有机负荷、膜固有性质及膜污染。综述了膜生物反应器在废水处理中的应用现状,包括污水回用、工业废水处理、土地填埋场堆肥沥滤液处理。分析了膜生物反应器应用前景及研究方向。

钻井废水深度连续处理装置

钻井废水深度连续处理装置为一体化撬装式处理装置,主要用于油气田勘探钻井过程中产生的废水处理。该装置将化学混凝、斜板快速分离、吸附氧化、超滤、反渗透等技术工艺集成一体,各处理工艺既可单独使用,也可有机结合,既可满足钻井后期高浓度废水处理,又可用于钻井前期低浓度废水处理和井队搬迁后残余废水处理,具有广泛的适用性。在现场处理的钻井废水可以达到直接排放标准。装置安装、操作、运输方便,解决了油气田作业过程中钻井废水处理达标难的问题,提高了绿色作业水平,降低了环境风险。

利用实验室废硫酸制备聚合硫酸铁及处理效果的研究

实验室每年都会产生较多的废硫酸,废硫酸的处理也会产生不少的费用,储存在实验室也会产生安全隐患,本文主要研究利用实验室废硫酸与工业硫酸按照一定比例混合采用氯酸钠氧化法来制备聚合硫酸铁,将废硫酸加以利用变废为宝,不但对环境没有影响而且将废硫酸变成了净水剂,达到了以废治废的目的。自制聚合硫酸铁通过检测分析Fe^(3+),盐基度,Fe^(2+)等指标来判断自制聚合硫酸铁的可行性,结果显示检测指标均可满足国家对聚合硫酸铁生产的各项要求。通过应用自制聚合硫酸铁与市售聚合硫酸铁对污水的处理效果的各项指标来对比分析自制聚合硫酸铁对污水处理效果的可行性。结果显示:自制聚合硫酸铁与市售聚合硫酸铁对污水处理的各项指标的去除率基本相同,对污水的处理效果是一样的。

Application of experimental design in optimization of crude oil adsorption from saline waste water using raw bagasse

Experimental design was applied in the optimization of crude oil adsorption from saline waste water using raw bagasse.The application of response surface methodology(RSM) was presented with temperature,salinity of water,pH,adsorbent dose,and initial oil content as factors.A quadratic model could be used to approximate the mathematical relationship of crude oil removal on the five significant independent variables.Predicted values and experimental values are found to be in good agreement with R2 of 97.44%.The result of optimization shows that the maximum crude oil removal is equal to 67.38% under the optimal condition of temperature of 46.53 °C,salinity of 37.2 g/L,pH of 3,adsorbent dose of 9 g/L and initial oil content of 300×10-6.

Algorithmic Procedure to Design Water Utilization Systems Featuring Multiple Contaminants in Process Plants

This paper introduces a non-iterative algorithmic procedure to design water utilization networks with multiple contaminants in process plants. According to the water pinch analysis rules, the processes in water utilization systems were first divided into three groups, then water-supply priority algorithm was proposed. The results of case studies showed that the water networks designed by this method gave water consumption lower than that estimated by other approaches. In addition, the procedure was subject to no limitation on the problem scale.

Overview on Application of Response Surface Methodology （RSM） in Treatment of Palm Oil Mill Effluent （POME）

There are many factors affecting the performance of a treatment system especially in the treatment of palm oil mill effluent （POME） as its contains high amounts of suspended solid, low pH, high salt content and high chemical oxygen demand （COD）. However, one factor at a time approach is complicated method in establishing relationship between multiple parameters. Response surface methodology （RSM） is a recommended approach as it is widely used to analyze and study the interactions between multiple parameters and provides optimum output as well as minimizing the defects which result in good treatment system. This paper overviews the recent and current research in the application of RSM in optimizing the treatment development of POME.

Evaluation of the Influence of Extracellular Polymeric Substances on the Mass Transport of Substrate within Multispecies Biofilms

A model, for evaluating the effect of porosity and volume fraction of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) within multispecies biofilms on the effective diffusivity, is developed and experimentally validated, based on the extraction of EPS from intact biofilms. The amount of EPS in biofilms significantly affects the effective diffusivity. For biofilms with porosity of 77%—95% in the top layers and 54%—58% in the bottom layers, the value of De/Dw decreases from 0.52—0.83 in the top layers to 0.23—0.31 in the bottom layers. Generally, the effective diffusivity in the heterotrophic/autotrophic biofilms is slightly lower than that in the heterotrophic biofilms, due to the lower porosity in the heterotrophic/autotrophic biofilms.

Commercial Application of Technology for Catalytic Combustion of Waste Gases from Wastewater Treatment System in Petrochemical Enterprises

The catalytic combustion technology for treating waste gases exiting from wastewater treatment system and oil separators in petrochemical enterprises was introduced in this article. Commercial application of this technology showed that the process ＂desulfurization and total hydrocarbon concentration homogenizationcatalytic combustion＂ and the associated WSH-1 combustion catalyst were suitable for treating volatile organic gases emitted from the oil separators, floatation tanks, inlet water-collecting well, waste oil tanks, etc. The commercial unit was equipped with an advanced auto-control system, featuring a simple operation and low energy consumption with good treatment effect. The purified gases could meet the national emission standard.

Design of Water Network with Multiple Contaminants and Zero Discharge

The paper presents a procedure to design water network. First of all, water reuse system, water regeneration reuse system (including regeneration recycle) and wastewater treatment system are designed separately. But the interaction between different parts demands that each part is designed iteratively to optimize the whole water network. Therefore, on the basis of the separated design a water netvrork superstructure including reuse, regeneration and wastewater treatment is established from the system engineering point of view. And a multi-objective adaptive simulated annealing genetic algorithm is adopted to simultaneously integrate the overall water netvrork to balance the economic and environmental effects. The algorithm overcomes the defect of local optimum of simulated annealing (SA), avoids the pre-maturation of genetic algorithm (GA) and finds a set of solutions (pareto front) in acceptable computer time. Prom the pareto front, a point with minimum fresh water consumption will be extended to zero discharge as our ultimate goal.

Strategy for Controlling the Level in a Dissolved Air Flotation Chamber

The aim of the present study was to implant an efficient strategy for controlling the level of the effluent-oily foam interface in a DAF （dissolved air flotation） chamber of a pilot-scale prototype. DAF has been successfully used in the treatment of oily water, which is one of the main environmental problems in different industrial facilities. Along with important operational parameters, such as microbubble size and flow rate, the control strategy for the automation of a DAF chamber may be an important tool for increasing efficiency. Controlling the level was the strategy chosen to enhance the separation efficiency in a pilot-scale DAF prototype, with monitoring performed using a computational program in LabVIEW （laboratory virtual instrument engineering workbench）. The findings demonstrate that it is possible to maintain the level of the fluid at a reference value established by the operator using the software program through the application of classic proportional integral derivative controllers. Using this control tool, the efficiency of water-oil separation in the pilot flotation chamber prototype was increased to nearly 98%.

Applied research of correspondence analysis method in waste tailings reservoir heavy metal pollution monitoring points optimization

In order to optimize monitoring points and monitoring factor, the relationshipbetween pollutants and soil sample were established by correspondence analysis.Thestudy results show that the reflecting monitoring points and monitoring factors in thegraphic on the same factor axis can clearly express the intrinsic link between pollutantsand monitoring points and distribution characteristics.To determine the main monitoringpoint and the main monitoring indicators can reduce and optimize the number of monitoringpoints under the premise of ensuring the typical and representative of monitoring data.Using the correlation of pollutants can reduce the number of monitoring indicators and improvethe effectiveness of data collection.

Study on Application of Novel Flocculating Agent in Treating Refinery Wastewater with High Concentration of Pollutants

After conducting a lot of screening experiments the appropriate flocculating formulations for treating high-concentration wastewater discharged from a certain refinery were selected. The oil removal rate and COD removal achieved by these flocculating formulations were better than that achieved by the conventional compound formulation consisting of polyaluminium chloride(PAC) and polyacrylamide(PAA) . Addition of an oil/water separating agent to the formulation could improve its oil removal performance to facilitate the oil/water separation of the oil-in-water emulsion in the high-concentration wastewater along with improved adaptability of the formulation to the wastewater containing high concentration of pollutants. This flocculating agent has promising prospects for commercial application.

Commercial Application of Properly Treated Wastewater Discharged from Ethylene Plant

The wastewater discharged from the 1.0 Mt/a ethylene unit at Maoming Petrochemical Company was separated according to its quality, and a major part ofwastewater with better quality was properly treated via the process of＂IRABF ＋ high-efficiency fiber filtering ＋ disinfection＂ to make the wastewater quality comply with the quality of recycled cooling water, so that the technique for reused petrochemical wastewater was more reliable technically and more reasonable economically,

An analysis of an ethanol-based, whole-crop refinery system in China

Bio-fuel can be used to help transition from a petroleum-based society to a bio-based society. Ever since the China Development and Reform Commission suspended the approval of crop processing programs, second-generation bio-ethanol research and industrialization processes have attracted significant attention. In 2020, bio-ethanol production is predicted to reach 10 million tons. Currently, there are a few domestic enterprises that have established different scaled pilot or demonstration bases for cellulosic ethanol, which reduce the cost of ethanol by continuously improving pretreatment and hydrolysis techniques. In the next three years, these enterprises will realize large-scale commercial production. Given the practical problems in cellulosic ethanol plant construction and operation(e.g., marketing price variation and difficulties in feedstock collection), this paper began with the concept of a "whole-crop refinery" and presented a solution to the integration of industry and agriculture as well as multi-crop refining. This paper then took the whole-crop refining system of corn as an example and presented an analysis of the logistics, energy flow, and economical efficiency of the system. The results demonstrated that the integrated system could properly reduce the required fixed investments in production equipment,shared utilities, and wastewater treatment facilities, as well as reduction of energy consumption. Although the proposed system has several problems, it brings the long-term goal of large-scale commercial application closer than ever.

煤化工废水处理技术探讨

化工经济是我国经济体系较为重要的组成部分,对于社会民生都有着较为重要的意义。正是得益于化工行业的不断发展,实现了对各种化学产品的开发、生产,更好地为人们的生产、生活提供保障。化工行业涉及的内容较为广泛,煤化工则是其中较为热门与重要的化工技术,这是集中在对煤园林的化工化生产研究,如焦油加工等,而在环保理念与可持续发展理念要求下,加强对煤化工废水处理的研究具备十分重要的现实意义。基于此,文章对煤化工废水处理技术及其相关进行了分析、探讨,以供相关参考。