With the development of national economics, water pollution is becoming a critical problem in rural China. This research presented a brief view of water pollution situation in rural areas of China in terms of water sh...With the development of national economics, water pollution is becoming a critical problem in rural China. This research presented a brief view of water pollution situation in rural areas of China in terms of water shortage, water-pollutant sources, eutrophication of water bodies and pollution development in temporal scale. Analysis was conducted on the negative effects of water pollution on human health, agricultural plantation and animal husbandry. Subsequently, some suggestions were proposed for wastewater treatment in rural areas.展开更多
Leather industry is an important light industry in China.Leather making requires a series of chemical treatment.Degreasing,unhairing and chrome tanning wastewaters are the main portions of tannery wastewater.Reclaimin...Leather industry is an important light industry in China.Leather making requires a series of chemical treatment.Degreasing,unhairing and chrome tanning wastewaters are the main portions of tannery wastewater.Reclaiming and reusing these wastewaters can eliminate 80% of COD,75% of BOD,95% of chromium and 93% of sulfuret,furthermore reduce environment impact,decrease treatment costs,save chemicals and water.Some application methods of wastewater reclamation and reuse for different operations were reported.The suitable reclamation and reuse technologies can enable leather making processes more rational,and realize the recovery and recycle of several chemicals in the tannery.Resourceful utilization of tannery wastewater should mate with renovating production technology,updating equipment,and must be guaranteed sufficiently by environmental protection measures.展开更多
This paper presents the results of studies on evaluating the effectiveness of wastewater treatment by Eichhornia crassipes raft, the influent is the water of To Lich river. This study was conducted 3 times with 3 diff...This paper presents the results of studies on evaluating the effectiveness of wastewater treatment by Eichhornia crassipes raft, the influent is the water of To Lich river. This study was conducted 3 times with 3 different velocity （0.037 m/s, 0.0099 m/s and 0.0126m/s） in the tank of eichhornia crassipes. Each time took 04 water samples for analysis at 4 locations： the influent source and 3 points at a distance of 4.0 m, 8.0 m and 12.0 m from the influent. Based on the experimental results, it proposes the size, number and type of raft to control the growth of eichhomia crassipes and treat the sewage of To Lich river to meet the Vietnamese Water Standard QCVN 08 （cohmm A2, B 1） and combine ecological landscaping.展开更多
The wastewater from naphthol As-E production process was treated with macroporous polymeric adsorbent NDA-222. Naphthol As-E and 2,3-acid in the wastewater could be removed completely and the Total Organic Carbon (TOC...The wastewater from naphthol As-E production process was treated with macroporous polymeric adsorbent NDA-222. Naphthol As-E and 2,3-acid in the wastewater could be removed completely and the Total Organic Carbon (TOC) of the wastewater was decreased more than 98% from 1655mg/L to less than 30mg/L. The adsorbates could be desorbed completely with NaOH aqueous solution.展开更多
Phosphorus removal performance in an aerobic/aerobic sequencing batch reactor (SBR) supplied with glucose as carbon source was investigated. It was found that there was no phosphate release concomitant with the storin...Phosphorus removal performance in an aerobic/aerobic sequencing batch reactor (SBR) supplied with glucose as carbon source was investigated. It was found that there was no phosphate release concomitant with the storing of poly-β-hydroxyalkanoate (PHA) during the anaerobic phase. Whereas, glycogen was soon built up followed by rapid consumption, at the same time, glucose was depleted rapidly. Based on the analysis of different fractions of phosphorus in activated sludge, the relative ratio of organically bound phosphorus in sludge changed at the end of anaerobic and aerobic phases. The ratios were 45.3% and 51.8% respectively. This showed that the polyphosphate broke down during the anaerobic phase to supply part of energy for PHA synthesis. The reason why there was no phosphate release might be the biosorption effect of extracellular exopolymers (EPS). It was also proved by the analysis of EPS with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). The phosphorus weight percentage of EPS at the end of anaerobic phase was 9.22%.展开更多
This study aimed to evaluate the EDC （endocrine disruptors compounds） in the city of Sao Paulo＇s water sources, from samples collected at predetermined sampling points and to evaluate the adsorptive capacity of the...This study aimed to evaluate the EDC （endocrine disruptors compounds） in the city of Sao Paulo＇s water sources, from samples collected at predetermined sampling points and to evaluate the adsorptive capacity of these compounds in different types of activated carbon. The effects of these EDC on humans are not well established due to the necessary large exposure time for the effect＇s manifestation. After tests using powdered and granular activated carbon, all samples were filtered under vacuum using cellulose acetate membrane （0.45 μm） to remove eventual impurities, and posteriorly carded out the solid-phase extraction SPE （solid-phase extraction） and chromatographic analysis. The results lead to the conclusion that both powdered activated carbon have removal effectiveness of these compounds by adsorption. Furthermore, great amount of endocrine disruptors were found at several sampling points in river and city＇s water reservoirs, which shows different levels of pollution of water sources, some of them responsible for the watersupply of the city of Silo Paulo, Brazil.展开更多
Since the azo dyes widely used in textile-dyeing industry are toxic, highly persistent, and ubiquitously distributed in the environment, their treatment efficiencies and fade in ecosystems have received worldwide atte...Since the azo dyes widely used in textile-dyeing industry are toxic, highly persistent, and ubiquitously distributed in the environment, their treatment efficiencies and fade in ecosystems have received worldwide attention. Due to the microbes play important roles in azo-dye degradation, exogenous nutrient addition is used as a promising biostimulation strategy to improve the treatment efficiencies of azo-dye wastewater. However, little is known about the effects of different kinds of exogenous nutrients on the azo-dye wastewater treatment directly. Here, three kinds of common nutrients, glucose, starch and yeast extract, were added to the sequencing batch reactors （SBR） for the treatment of wastewater containing acid red 73 to compare the biostimulation efficiencies by investigating the dye＇s removal efficiencies and the changes of related water qualities. Our results showed that the reactors added yeast extract had highest removal efficiencies and chemical oxygen demand （COD） as well, followed by glucose and starch. The removal rates of acid red 73 and COD were 90.63% and 8713% in the reactors added yeast extract, respectively, while 86.49% and 78.4% in those with glucose and 85.38% and 75.2% in those with starch. This study provided some useful information for the biostimulation strategy of azo-dye wastewater treatment and preliminarily suggested that yeast extract would be the optimal choice.展开更多
A new air-water dual source heat pump water heater with heat recovery is proposed.The heat pump system can heat water by using a single air source,a single water source,or air-water dual sources.The water is first pre...A new air-water dual source heat pump water heater with heat recovery is proposed.The heat pump system can heat water by using a single air source,a single water source,or air-water dual sources.The water is first pre-heated by waste hot water,then heated by the heat pump.Waste heat is recovered by first preheating the cold water and as water source of the heat pump.According to the correlated formulas of the coefficient of performance of air-source heat pump and water-source heat pump,and the gain coefficient of heat recovery-preheater,the formulas for the coefficient of performance of heat pump in six operating modes are obtained by using the dimensionless correspondence analysis method.The system characteristics of heat absorption and release associated with the heat recovery-preheater are analyzed at different working conditions.The developed approaches can provide reference for the optimization of the operating modes and parameters.The results of analysis and experiments show that the coefficient of performance of the device can reach 4-5.5 in winter,twice as much as air source heat pump water heater.The utilization of waste heat in the proposed system is higher than that in the system which only uses waste water to preheating or as heat source.Thus,the effect of energy saving of the new system is obvious.On the other hand,the dimensionless correspondence analysis method is introduced to performance analysis of the heat pump,which also has theoretical significance and practical value.展开更多
基金Supported by Key Project of National Spark Program of China (201176GA0009)Key Project of National Livelihood Science and Technology Plan of China (2011MSB05007)~~
文摘With the development of national economics, water pollution is becoming a critical problem in rural China. This research presented a brief view of water pollution situation in rural areas of China in terms of water shortage, water-pollutant sources, eutrophication of water bodies and pollution development in temporal scale. Analysis was conducted on the negative effects of water pollution on human health, agricultural plantation and animal husbandry. Subsequently, some suggestions were proposed for wastewater treatment in rural areas.
文摘Leather industry is an important light industry in China.Leather making requires a series of chemical treatment.Degreasing,unhairing and chrome tanning wastewaters are the main portions of tannery wastewater.Reclaiming and reusing these wastewaters can eliminate 80% of COD,75% of BOD,95% of chromium and 93% of sulfuret,furthermore reduce environment impact,decrease treatment costs,save chemicals and water.Some application methods of wastewater reclamation and reuse for different operations were reported.The suitable reclamation and reuse technologies can enable leather making processes more rational,and realize the recovery and recycle of several chemicals in the tannery.Resourceful utilization of tannery wastewater should mate with renovating production technology,updating equipment,and must be guaranteed sufficiently by environmental protection measures.
文摘This paper presents the results of studies on evaluating the effectiveness of wastewater treatment by Eichhornia crassipes raft, the influent is the water of To Lich river. This study was conducted 3 times with 3 different velocity （0.037 m/s, 0.0099 m/s and 0.0126m/s） in the tank of eichhornia crassipes. Each time took 04 water samples for analysis at 4 locations： the influent source and 3 points at a distance of 4.0 m, 8.0 m and 12.0 m from the influent. Based on the experimental results, it proposes the size, number and type of raft to control the growth of eichhomia crassipes and treat the sewage of To Lich river to meet the Vietnamese Water Standard QCVN 08 （cohmm A2, B 1） and combine ecological landscaping.
文摘The wastewater from naphthol As-E production process was treated with macroporous polymeric adsorbent NDA-222. Naphthol As-E and 2,3-acid in the wastewater could be removed completely and the Total Organic Carbon (TOC) of the wastewater was decreased more than 98% from 1655mg/L to less than 30mg/L. The adsorbates could be desorbed completely with NaOH aqueous solution.
文摘Phosphorus removal performance in an aerobic/aerobic sequencing batch reactor (SBR) supplied with glucose as carbon source was investigated. It was found that there was no phosphate release concomitant with the storing of poly-β-hydroxyalkanoate (PHA) during the anaerobic phase. Whereas, glycogen was soon built up followed by rapid consumption, at the same time, glucose was depleted rapidly. Based on the analysis of different fractions of phosphorus in activated sludge, the relative ratio of organically bound phosphorus in sludge changed at the end of anaerobic and aerobic phases. The ratios were 45.3% and 51.8% respectively. This showed that the polyphosphate broke down during the anaerobic phase to supply part of energy for PHA synthesis. The reason why there was no phosphate release might be the biosorption effect of extracellular exopolymers (EPS). It was also proved by the analysis of EPS with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). The phosphorus weight percentage of EPS at the end of anaerobic phase was 9.22%.
文摘This study aimed to evaluate the EDC （endocrine disruptors compounds） in the city of Sao Paulo＇s water sources, from samples collected at predetermined sampling points and to evaluate the adsorptive capacity of these compounds in different types of activated carbon. The effects of these EDC on humans are not well established due to the necessary large exposure time for the effect＇s manifestation. After tests using powdered and granular activated carbon, all samples were filtered under vacuum using cellulose acetate membrane （0.45 μm） to remove eventual impurities, and posteriorly carded out the solid-phase extraction SPE （solid-phase extraction） and chromatographic analysis. The results lead to the conclusion that both powdered activated carbon have removal effectiveness of these compounds by adsorption. Furthermore, great amount of endocrine disruptors were found at several sampling points in river and city＇s water reservoirs, which shows different levels of pollution of water sources, some of them responsible for the watersupply of the city of Silo Paulo, Brazil.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51308133)Guangdong Provincial National Natural Science Foundation(2014A030308019)+1 种基金Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province(2015A020215016)the support of Guangdong Institute of Microbiology
文摘Since the azo dyes widely used in textile-dyeing industry are toxic, highly persistent, and ubiquitously distributed in the environment, their treatment efficiencies and fade in ecosystems have received worldwide attention. Due to the microbes play important roles in azo-dye degradation, exogenous nutrient addition is used as a promising biostimulation strategy to improve the treatment efficiencies of azo-dye wastewater. However, little is known about the effects of different kinds of exogenous nutrients on the azo-dye wastewater treatment directly. Here, three kinds of common nutrients, glucose, starch and yeast extract, were added to the sequencing batch reactors （SBR） for the treatment of wastewater containing acid red 73 to compare the biostimulation efficiencies by investigating the dye＇s removal efficiencies and the changes of related water qualities. Our results showed that the reactors added yeast extract had highest removal efficiencies and chemical oxygen demand （COD） as well, followed by glucose and starch. The removal rates of acid red 73 and COD were 90.63% and 8713% in the reactors added yeast extract, respectively, while 86.49% and 78.4% in those with glucose and 85.38% and 75.2% in those with starch. This study provided some useful information for the biostimulation strategy of azo-dye wastewater treatment and preliminarily suggested that yeast extract would be the optimal choice.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51076147)
文摘A new air-water dual source heat pump water heater with heat recovery is proposed.The heat pump system can heat water by using a single air source,a single water source,or air-water dual sources.The water is first pre-heated by waste hot water,then heated by the heat pump.Waste heat is recovered by first preheating the cold water and as water source of the heat pump.According to the correlated formulas of the coefficient of performance of air-source heat pump and water-source heat pump,and the gain coefficient of heat recovery-preheater,the formulas for the coefficient of performance of heat pump in six operating modes are obtained by using the dimensionless correspondence analysis method.The system characteristics of heat absorption and release associated with the heat recovery-preheater are analyzed at different working conditions.The developed approaches can provide reference for the optimization of the operating modes and parameters.The results of analysis and experiments show that the coefficient of performance of the device can reach 4-5.5 in winter,twice as much as air source heat pump water heater.The utilization of waste heat in the proposed system is higher than that in the system which only uses waste water to preheating or as heat source.Thus,the effect of energy saving of the new system is obvious.On the other hand,the dimensionless correspondence analysis method is introduced to performance analysis of the heat pump,which also has theoretical significance and practical value.
