干粉煤气化装置激冷水系统的优化

介绍了干粉煤气化装置及其激冷水系统的工艺流程。通过对激冷水系统各支路阻力降的计算分析,发现原激冷水系统工艺流程存在激冷水偏流的可能和风险。通过阻力降计算结果优化了激冷水系统的工艺流程配置,再合理设置调节阀、增设喷淋水管线和冲洗水管线,从根本上解决了激冷水偏流问题。

美国某自备电站燃烧废煤改善环境

美国某自备电站燃烧废煤改善环境在美国宾夕法尼亚州坎布里亚县新建一座烧废煤的、容最为８５ＭＷ的自备电厂，它向电网供应８５ＭＷ的电力，同时解决了该地区的一个长期的环境问题。这座价值一亿九千万美元的电厂首次将烟煤的废物作为燃料。供电厂使用３５年的燃料来源有...

废钒触煤中回收V_2O_5和KNO_3的研究

采用冷浸废钒触煤提钾,离子交换法制备KNO_3,碱化焙烧浸出N_2NO_3,多钒酸铵法沉淀提取钒,加热分解制备高纯V_2O_5。

风化煤黄腐酸在农业及环保上的应用

风化煤是煤矿生产的废煤。在我国石煤资源丰富,总储量达618.7亿吨,将风化煤制成黄腐酸,不仅减少了占地和污染,又可发展农业生产和环境保护,符合可持续发展战略思想。 一 风化煤黄腐酸的农业应用 棉花枯黄萎病被称为棉花的“癌症”。

美国建第一套煤制油装置

筹备了10多年之后，美国WMPI Pty公司于2006年2月初决定在美国建设第一套大型煤制油（CTL）装置。该装置位于Gilberton附近，将处理140万吨／天的废煤（含灰份质量分率为40％的无烟煤煤屑），这种废煤由开采数百年的Pennsylvania（宾夕法尼亚州）地区煤矿收集而来。将用以生产5000桶／天的超清洁液体燃料，并发电41MW外供。该装置建设于2006年春季启动，将于2009年初投产。在该装置成功开工和投运后，WMPI Pty公司将建设更大规模（能力增加10～12倍）的工业化装置。

利用甲醇废触媒生产锌铜复合微肥

本文介绍了利用甲醇生产过程中排出的废触媒来生产锌铜复合微肥的新技术,并指出了该生产装置目前存在的主要问题。

废钒触媒中回收五氧化二钒的新工艺

一、前言五氧化二钒用于制造钒铁合金、硫酸工业和有机合成工业中的催化剂、ADA法脱硫助催化剂、热钾碱脱碳缓蚀剂。近年来,在织物染色、瓷釉、半导体器件、超导材料和原子能等工业部门也得到广泛应用。

Soil Environmental Quality Evaluation for Wasteland of Coalmine Tailing Polluted by Heavy Metals in Mingshan of Guangdong

ln order to appraise scientifical y the heavy metal contamination in waste-land of coalmine tailing in Mingshan of Guangdong, the 5 soil samples in wasteland of coalmine tailing were col ected in November 2010 to March 2011. The 7 heavy metals content in the contaminated soil was measured by atomic absorption spec-trophotometry. The results showed the pH of the wasteland soil ranged from 2.87 to 6.16, and the soil was relatively infertile. The soil was mainly pol uted by Cd and Mn. The Cd content in wasteland soil ranged from 0.759 mg/kg to 3.109 mg/kg with an average content of 2.052 mg/kg, which was much higher than the standard content. The Mn content ranged from 387.057 to 488.660 mg/kg with an average content of 421.215 mg/kg, which was much higher than the standard content. The Nemerow integrated pol ution indexes showed the sample 1, sample 4 and sample 5 were of heavy pol ution, and sample 2 and sample 3 were of moderate pol ution.

经济改革中必须加强社会主义精神文明建设

举世瞩目的中国经济体制改革,势如巨澜,猛烈冲击着我国政治、经济生活的各个方面,引起社会生活方式和人们的思维方式、精神状态的深刻变化。这些变化,既给精神文明建设提出了新的要求,同时也极大地丰富了精神文明建设的内容。本文结合作者在湖北孝感农村所作的实地调查材料,拟就经济改革与社会主义精神文明建设的相互关系,试作粗浅地探讨。

Pretreatment of Coal Gasification Wastewater by Acidification Demulsion

General pretreatment processes of ammonia stripping and phenols solvent extraction can reduce the concentration of toxic compounds of the coal gasification wastewater for the following biological treatment. However, some emulsified coal tar still exists in the influent and many substances in coal tar are refractory and toxic to microorganisms. This study is mainly on the removal of emulsified coal tar by acidification demulsion. The experimental results show that the acidification process of the wastewater by pure hydrochloric acid can reduce the chemical oxygen demand （COD）, total organic carbon （TOC）, total phenolics and oil about 3.1%-11.3%, 6%-- 10.8%, 5.3%--8.6% and 25.2%--57.4% respectively with pH value in the range of 4 to 7. The analysis of molecular weight distribution indicates that compounds removed from the wastewater by this process are large molecular substances. The experiment also shows that the efficiency of COD removal in the demulsion process by different acids is different and the phosphoric acid is prominent. The preserved time of the wastewater also affects the efficiency of demulsion. Small amount low-cost solid additives including kaolin and diatomite can improve the rate of coal tar sedimentation and enhance the removal efficiency of organics in the phosphoric acidification process.

The Role of Diatomite Particles in the Activated Sludge System for Treating Coal Gasification Wastewater

Diatomite is a kind of natural low-cost mineral material. It has a number of unique physical properties and has been widely used as an adsorbent in wastewater treatment. This study was conducted to investigate the aerobic biodegradation of coal gasification wastewater with and without diatomite addition. Experimental results indicated that diatomite added in the activated sludge system could promote the biomass and also enhance the performance of the sludge settling. The average mixed-liquor volatile suspended solids （MLVSS） is increased from 4055 mg.L^-1 to 4518 mg.L^-1 and the average settling volume （SV） are changed only from 45.9% to 47.1%. Diatomite additive could enhance the efficiency of chemical oxygen demand （COD） and total phenols removal from the wastewater. The COD removal increased from 73.3% to near 80% and the total phenols removal increased from 81.4% to 85.8%. The mechanisms of the increase of biomass and pollutants removal may correlates to the improvement of bioavailability and sludge settlement characteristics by diatomite added. Micrograph of the sludge in the diatomite-activated sludge system indicated that the diatomite added could be the carrier of the microbe and also affect the biomass and pollutant removal.

Effects of mushroom waste on improvement of reclaimed soil qualityin coal mining areas

Restoring soil quality is the main evaluation norm of the reclamation. In order to reveal the effects of mushroom waste on the quality improvement of reclaimed soil in coal mining areas, the physical, chemical and microbial characteristics of soil are studied. The results show clear improvement in the soil after using mushroom waste. Because of human cultivation and fertilization, cultivated soil after reclamation exhibits high comprehensive quality and the index of quality of surface soil reaches 0.64 and 0.73. The average index of surface soil quality is as high as 0.52 and 0.54. In comparison, the quality of reclaimed soil of forest land is low, with average index of 0.40. The effects of mushroom waste are mainly on the surface soil in the first 2 years after the application. After that period, with the decomposition of mushroom waste, soil quality index tends to be the same as the original soil. The quality of surface soil is higher than that of subsoil, especially after the application of mushroom waste, at which point the soil quality reaches a peak at about 15 cm. Cultivated soil after reclamation has great variance in quality, after the coefficient of 24.74%. Mushroom waste can reduce such variation, particularly with long-term use. The variance efficient falls to 3.59% after 3-year application.

Settlement behavior of coal mine waste in different surrounding rock conditions

In order to investigate the influence of complex conditions of in-situ surrounding rocks on the settlement behavior of nubbly coal mine waste subjected to high gravity pressure,four kinds of loading chambers made of different similar materials with different elastic moduli in experiments were used to simulate the deformation features of in-site rocks,including soft,moderate hardness,hard and extra-hard rocks. The results show that all the settlement-axial load (or axial strain-stress) curves obtained under four different surrounding rock conditions present power-exponential function feature. The final settlement of coal mine waste under the same axial load is closely related to the lumpiness gradations and the deformation behavior of chamber materials used to simulate behaviors of different in-situ surrounding rocks. In the same surrounding rock condition,the final settlement under the same maximum axial load decreases with the decrease of the proportion of larger gradation of coal mine waste. While for the same lumpiness gradation case,the settlement increases with the decrease of elastic modulus of simulated surrounding rocks and the lateral pressure induced by axial load increases with the increase of elastic modulus of loading chambers that are used to simulate different surrounding rocks. The test results also reveal that both the compaction curve and lateral pressure curve show a three-stage behavior,and the duration of each stage,which is closely related to gradations and the deformation feature of loading chamber materials,decreases with the increase of the proportion of the small size of coal mine waste and elastic modulus of the simulated rock materials.

A probe into“mining technique in the condition of floor failure”for coal seam above longwall goafs

Targeting at the coal seam with useful value discarded above goafs,attempted to explore the feasibility of'mining technique in the condition of floor failure' from theoretical point of view,and predicted.It indicated that mining technique in the condition of floor failure used above Longwall Goafs in Baijiazhuang Mining is totally feasible.At law,the deformation of the floor in the mining technique by means of probability-integral method.And it is discov- ered that deformed basin can emerge in the footwall of No.6 coal seam and its maximum subsidence was possibly 1 633 mm or so and its maximum positive curvature is 61.74/10^(-3). At last,it therefore suggests appropriate ground pressure control measures as strengthening observation of ground pressure and adopting false slope for exploitation and strengthening support for reasonable push and slide based on the adverse ground pressure behaviors possibly occurring in the mining technique.This serves to gather data and lay sturdy founda- tion for further probe into the mining technique,and offers theoretical and technical grounds for concrete implementation of the mining technique.

Effects of caving–mining ratio on the coal and waste rocks gangue flows and the amount of cyclically caved coal in fully mechanized mining of super-thick coal seams

Aimed at determining the appropriate caving–mining ratio for fully mechanized mining of 20 m thick coal seam, this research investigated the effects of caving–mining ratio on the flow fields of coal and waste rocks, amount of cyclically caved coal and top coal loss by means of numerical modeling. The research was based on the geological conditions of panel 8102 in Tashan coal mine. The results indicated the loose coal and waste rocks formed an elliptical zone around the drawpoint. The ellipse enlarged with decreasing caving–mining ratio. And its long axis inclined to the gob gradually became vertical and facilitating the caving and recovery of top coal. The top coal loss showed a cyclical variation; and the loss cycle was shortened with the decreasing in caving–mining ratio. Moreover, the mean squared error(MSE) of the amount of cyclically caved coal went up with increasing caving–mining ratio, indicating a growing imbalance of amount of cyclically caved coal, which could impede the coordinated mining and caving operations. Finally it was found that a caving–mining ratio of 1:2.51 should be reasonable for the conditions.

Phase equilibria for the pseudo-ternary system(NaCl+Na2SO4+H2O)of coal gasification wastewater at T=(268.15 to 373.15)K

The pseudo-ternary system(Na Cl + Na_2SO_4+ H_2O) of coal gasification wastewater was studied at T =(268.15 to 373.15) K. The solubility and density of the equilibrium liquid phase were determined by the isothermal solution saturation method. The equilibrium solids were also investigated by the Schreinemaker's method of wet residues and X-ray powder diffraction(XRD). According to the experimental data, the phase diagrams were determined. It was found that there was no significant solubility difference on the Na Cl-rich side between the ternary system(Na Cl + Na_2SO_4+ H_2O) in coal gasification wastewater and in pure water. However, the solubility on the Na_2SO_4-rich side of coal gasification wastewater was apparently higher than that of pure water. The increase in the solubility of Na_2SO_4 was most likely caused by the effects of other impurities apart from Na Cl and Na_2SO_4 in coal gasification wastewater. The measured data and phase equilibrium diagrams can provide fundamental basis for salt recovery in coal gasification wastewater.

Land reclamation in the refuse dump of open coal mines and its following ecology principle

Through the research on the model of the land reclamation in the refuse dumpof Heidaigou open coal mines,it was concerned that ecology was the theoretical basic forthe land reclamation of open coal mines.According to the principle of ecological substitut-ing,the land reclamation can be divided into three stages:water and soil conservation,ecological performance and economic performance.Taking the land reclamation in the re-fuse dump of Heidaigou open coal mines as the practical example,explained the applica-tion of the ecological substituting principle on the land reclamation in the open coal mines.

Dyeing and printing wastewater treatment using fly-ash coated with chitosan

Printing and dyeing industry is a considerable source of environmental contamination. In this study treatment of printing and dyeing wastewater with a new type of sewage treatment agent, fly-ash coated with chitosan particles （FCCP）, was examined. The effects ofpH, stirring time, sedimentation time and temperature on color, COD, turbidity and NH3-N removal were determined. The optimum dosage of FCCP and the influence of individual factors on removal efficiency were tested. The optimum parameters determined using the L16 （45） orthogonal experiment were as follows： FCCP （weight ratio of chitosan to fly-ash 1：6） dosage, 4 g.L^-1; temperature, 35℃; pH, 4. The stirring time and sedimentation time were 20 min and 5 h, respectively. Under these optimum conditions, the color, COD and NH3-N removal ratios were 97%, 80% and 75%, respectively.