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欧洲和中国废物管理现状 被引量:2
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作者 伯恩哈特·阑宁格 《沈阳航空工业学院学报》 2002年第3期71-74,57,共5页
在一系列欧盟级别和国家级别的综合性废物管理法规的支持下 ,欧盟国家废物管理达到了先进水平 ,这将减少任意性废物处理处置给环境带来的负面影响。废物管理工作框架包括从源头上减少垃圾的产生 ;控制填埋垃圾种类是改进垃圾预处理的有... 在一系列欧盟级别和国家级别的综合性废物管理法规的支持下 ,欧盟国家废物管理达到了先进水平 ,这将减少任意性废物处理处置给环境带来的负面影响。废物管理工作框架包括从源头上减少垃圾的产生 ;控制填埋垃圾种类是改进垃圾预处理的有效措施。某些国家已预定在2 0 0 8年就达到法规目标 ,环保产业必将得到进一步的发展。中国已于 1995年颁布了第一部废物管理法 ,提高废物管理水平已势在必行。 展开更多
关键词 欧洲 中国 废物管理 现状 废物热处理 废物生物处理 填埋工程
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Adsorption of catechol from aqueous solution by aminated hypercrosslinked polymers 被引量:1
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作者 SUNYue LIXiao-tao XUChao CHENJin-long LIAi-min ZHANGQuan-xing 《Journal of Environmental Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2005年第4期584-588,共5页
Adsorption of catechol from aqueous solution with the hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbent NDA-100 and its derivatives AH-1, AH-2 and AH-3 aminated by dimethylamine, the commercial resin Amberlite XAD-4 and weakly bas... Adsorption of catechol from aqueous solution with the hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbent NDA-100 and its derivatives AH-1, AH-2 and AH-3 aminated by dimethylamine, the commercial resin Amberlite XAD-4 and weakly basic anion exchanger resin D301 was compared. It was found that the aminated hypercrosslinked resins had the highest adsorption capacities among the tested polymers. The empirical Freundlich equation was successfully employed to describe the adsorption process. Specific surface area and micropore structure of the adsorbent, in company with tertiary amino groups on matrix affected the adsorption performance towards catechol. In addition, thermodynamic study was carried out to interpret the adsorption mechanism. Kinetic study testified that the tertiary amino groups on the polymer matrix could decrease the adsorption rate and increase the adsorption apparent activation energy. 展开更多
关键词 hypercrosslinked polymer CATECHOL ADSORPTION THERMODYNAMICS KINETICS
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Microstructures and thermal properties of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash 被引量:5
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作者 刘元元 王佳佳 +3 位作者 林祥 王里奥 钟山 杨威 《Journal of Central South University》 SCIE EI CAS 2012年第3期855-862,共8页
To analyze the feasibility of utilization of thermal technology in fly ash treatment, thermal properties and microstructures of municipal solid waste incineration (MSW1) fly ash were studied by measuring the chemica... To analyze the feasibility of utilization of thermal technology in fly ash treatment, thermal properties and microstructures of municipal solid waste incineration (MSW1) fly ash were studied by measuring the chemical element composition, specific surface area, pore sizes, functional groups, TEM image, mineralogy and DSC-TG curves of raw and sintered fly ash specimens. The results show that MSWI fly ash particles mostly have irregular shapes and non-typical pore structure, and the supersonic treatment improves the pore structure; MSWI fly ash consists of Such crystals as SiO2, CaSO4 and silica-aluminates, and some soluble salts like KCl and NaCl. During the sintering process, mineralogy changes largely and novel solid solutions are produced gradually with the rise of temperature. Therefore, the utilization of a proper thermal technology not only destructs those persistent organic toxicants but also stabilizes hazardous heavy metals in MSWI fly ash. 展开更多
关键词 municipal solid waste incineration fly ash thermal treatment SINTERING microstructure
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Influence of Al2O3 and TiO2 supports on catalytic performance of Ni and Co catalysts for gasification of glycerol waste
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作者 Sildara Thassanaprichayanont Viboon Sricharoenchaikul Duangduen Atong 《Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering》 2009年第10期25-32,共8页
Since the constant increase in petroleum price, use of glycerol waste, which is a byproduct from biodiesel production, as a partial replacement for fossil fuels via thermochemical conversion waste to energy processes ... Since the constant increase in petroleum price, use of glycerol waste, which is a byproduct from biodiesel production, as a partial replacement for fossil fuels via thermochemical conversion waste to energy processes is more practical. Gasification reaction has attracted a lot of interest by producing syngas rich in CO and H2. This syngas can be converted to clean liquid fuels, such as methanol and Fischer-Tropsch oil. Nickel and Cobalt catalyst was widely used in steam reforming reaction. ethanol etc. The aim of this work is to prepare and characterize 5.0 and 10.0%wt of Ni and Co catalysts using the impregnation method on various supporters, such as alumina and titanium oxide (TiO2) and to evaluate their catalytic performance. The specific surface area of developed catalysts was measured. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was applied to determine phase and crystallized size of the catalysts. Examination of the morphology. elemental composition and distribution of metal on the catalysts support were carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEMi and energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS) and x-ray mapping. The catalytic performance of prepared catalysts was test at 700 and 900℃ temperature of reaction. 1.87% O2. The result showed that the synthesized nickel and cobalt catalysts via impregnation method using Al2O3 and TiO2 as the catalyst support were suitable for glycerol conversion. 展开更多
关键词 nickel catalyst cobalt catalyst impregnation method glycerol waste gasification
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Optimization of Hydrothermal Treatment Parameters to Produce Chlorine-Free Alternative Solid Fuel from Plastic-Contained Municipal Solid Waste
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作者 Pandji Prawisudha Kunio Yoshikawa 《Journal of Energy and Power Engineering》 2013年第4期613-622,共10页
An experimental study of the treatment of plastic-contained Japanese MSW (municipal solid waste) employing 1 ton capacity hydrothermal reactor to produce chlorine-free solid fuel has been performed. The system appli... An experimental study of the treatment of plastic-contained Japanese MSW (municipal solid waste) employing 1 ton capacity hydrothermal reactor to produce chlorine-free solid fuel has been performed. The system applies medium-pressure saturated steam at about 2 MPa in a stirred reactor for certain holding period. It was shown that the products exhibited organic chlorine conversion into inorganic chlorine, which can then be water washed. To obtain an optimal operating condition, the temperature and holding period was integrated into one parameter called RS (reaction severity). It was found that to convert 75% organic chlorine in the MSW, the optimum RS number correlates to an operating temperature of about 225℃ and holding period of 90 min, or 235 ℃ for 60 min. Since hydrothermal treatment is a batch process, a shorter holding period is preferable to increase the number of batches and indirectly increase its processing capacity. 展开更多
关键词 Municipal solid waste plastic waste hydrothermal treatment chlorine reduction process optimization.
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Energy analyses for the energetically self-sufficient supercritical water oxidation process
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作者 LIU Yan-yan ZHAN Shi-ping +4 位作者 WANG Jing-chang ZHU Bo CHEN Shu-hua LIU Xue- wu Li Zhi-yi 《Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering》 2008年第4期62-70,共9页
One of the bottle-neck problems to the commercial development of supercritlcal water oxidation (SCWO) is high operation cost. In this study the condition to realize an energetically self-sufficient SCWO process is a... One of the bottle-neck problems to the commercial development of supercritlcal water oxidation (SCWO) is high operation cost. In this study the condition to realize an energetically self-sufficient SCWO process is analyzed. The reaction heat is recovered by means of Organic Rankine Circle. The process of SCWO for phenol is simulated with the Aspen Plus~ process simulator, and the results show that the influence of temperature on reaction heat is small at a constant pressure. It is reasonable to neglect the effect of temperature and to estimate the heat of reaction with average temperature when the temperature changes in a small range. The necessary condition to realize an energetically self-sufficient SCWO process is that the released energy is not less than consumed one. Whether a waste system with given chemical composition is energeticallyself-sufficient can be estimated by ^QR^QH 〉 W The thermodynamics analysis shows that energetically self-sufficient SCWO process with an Organic Rankine Cycle is a feasible technology for the recovery of SCWO reaction heat,and the energy balance point for phenol is 2wt%. 展开更多
关键词 SCWO reaction heat organic Rankine circle energetic self-sufficiency
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