基于软件生命周期的软件可靠性度量选取与应用

从软件可靠性对软件质量的影响入手,依据IEEE982.1-2005,将软件可靠性度量与软件生命周期相结合,提出了软件生命周期各个阶段的可靠性度量选取原则.同时分析了其中6个软件可靠性度量的使用方法与作用,并结合实际项目的使用经验,对其进行了详细的说明,探讨了如何在软件生命周期的各个阶段使用可靠性度量,以提高软件质量.

A New Browder Fixed Point Theorem in Noncompact Hyperconvex Metric Spaces and Its Applications to Section Questions and Intersection Questions

In this paper, a new Browder fixed point theorem is established in the noncompact sub-admissible subsets of noncompact hyperconvex metric spaces. As application, a Ky Fan section theorem and an intersection theorem are obtained.

Design of similarity measure for discrete data and application to multi-dimension

Similarity measure design for discrete data group was proposed. Similarity measure design for continuous membership function was also carried out. Proposed similarity measures were designed based on fuzzy number and distance measure, and were proved. To calculate the degree of similarity of discrete data, relative degree between data and total distribution was obtained. Discrete data similarity measure was completed with combination of mentioned relative degrees. Power interconnected system with multi characteristics was considered to apply discrete similarity measure. Naturally, similarity measure was extended to multi-dimensional similarity measure case, and applied to bus clustering problem.

Application of Y(sl(2)) Algebra for Entanglement of Two-Qubit System

We construct the transition operators in terms of the generators of the general Yangian and the reduced Yangian. By acting these operators on a two-qubit pure state, we find that the entanglement degrees of the states are all decreased from the certain values to zero for the reduced Yangian algebra, which makes the state disentangled. This result sheds new light on the physical meaning of Y （sl（2） ） in quantum information.

A Method of Precision Testing Relative Relation of Space Points and Its Application

In response to the high requirements of industrial precision test, presenting a method of testing relative relation of space points was studied. The spatial-coordinate testing system was established by using high precision theodolites and horizontal staff. The related test was conducted with the use of the space intersection and the precision was evaluated based on the error of baseline. In the practical application of radar-development base, the relative relation of space points was implemented by using electronic theodolite and horizontal staff, which can be easily operated. Furthermore, it can be conveniently used to test small areas where the instruments are difficult to be installed and for high industrial requirements of precision test. The test results can fully meet the strict industrial requirements.

A QoS-Aware Packet Scheduling Mechanism in Cognitive Radio Networks for Smart Grid Applications

Cognitive radio sensor network is applied to facilitate network monitoring and management, and achieves high spectrum efficiencies in smart grid. However, the conventional traffic scheduling mechanisms are hard to provide guaranteed quality of service for the secondary users. It is because that they ignore the influence of diverse transition requirements in heterogeneous traffi c. Therefore, a novel Qo S-aware packet scheduling mechanism is proposed to improve transmission quality for secondary users. In this mechanism, a Qo S-based prioritization model is established to address data classification firstly. And then, channel quality and the effect of channel switch are integrated into priority-based packet scheduling mechanism. At last, the simulation is implemented with MATLAB and OPNET. The results show that the proposed scheduling mechanism improves the transmission quality of high-priority secondary users and increase the whole system utilization by 10%.

Application of QUAL2K for Water Quality Modeling of River Ghataprabha （India）

River Ghataprabha, during its course through Belgaum district in Karnataka state （India）, receives untreated domestic waste from Gokak town and other neighboring villages situated on the bank of the river. The present study involves the application of water quality model QUAL2K to predict the water quality of this polluted segment of the river. The model was calibrated and validated for biochemical oxygen demand （BOD）, dissolved oxygen （DO） and total nitrogen （TN） in pre-monsoon season. Data for calibration and validation were obtained after the field and laboratory measurements. The performance of the model was evaluated using statistics based on standard errors （SE） and mean multiplicative errors （MME）. The model represented the field data quite well with some exceptions. In spite of some differences between the measured and simulated data sets at some points, the calibration and validation results are acceptable especially for the developing countries where the financial resources are often limited for frequent monitoring campaigns and higher accuracy data analysis.

QoS Routing Algorithm with Multi-Dimensions for Overlay Networks

Overlay networks have emerged as a useful approach to providing a general framework for new applications and services that are to be implemented without significantly changing the IP-layer network infrastructure.Overlay routing has been used as an alternative to the default best effort Internet routing for the absence of end-to-end Quality of Service(QoS). While the former has recently been investigated, the conflict of QoS restraints and resource optimization remains unsolved. Recent studies have shown that overlay paths can give better latency, loss rate and TCP throughput. In this paper, a multi-dimensional QoS objective model based on the analysis of multiple QoS constraints has been presented, and a routing algorithm to optimise the overlay resource of its nodes and links is then proposed.In fact, the algorithm obtained multiple QoS values using probability theory to achieve the routing according to the multi-dimensional QoS objective vector of the QoS objective model. Simulation results reveals that the algorithm works better than other existing algorithms in balancing the network resources, and applications with stringent QoS requirements could be run.

Quantifying Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Dosage after Knee Arthroplasty

Recovering functional ability after total knee arthroplasty （TKA） requires recovery of strength and voluntary activation. Short-term recovery of strength and activation are enhanced following a protocol combining strength training with neuromuscular electrical stimulation （NMES）. The purpose of the study was to determine if a dose response curve could be constructed for patients who received NMES as part of their treatment after TKA. NMES dosage was quantified as the electrically evoked knee extensor torque, expressed as a percentage of the subject＇s maximal voluntary contraction. Dose-response curves were generated, with the associations between NMES training intensity and quadriceps strength, voluntary activation, and lean muscle cross-sectional area examined using Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficients. Significantly, linear correlations were observed between NMES training intensity and both quadriceps strength and voluntary activation, but not lean muscle cross-sectional area. These results suggest that maximizing the elicited training force during rehabilitation will enhance short-term recovery following TKA.

Effect of Potash Application Patterns on Crop Yields Under Different Cultivation Systems

Three patterns of potash application were used in the corn-wheat and rice-wheat rotation experiments,which were conducted in the upland and wetland of Siyang County, northern Jiangsu Province, and the wetland of Liyang City, southern Jiangsu Province. The results of 5 cropping seasons (2 seasons/year)showed that the direct response of corn to K was larger than that of wheat, but no difference was found between rice and wheat in Siyang when the total annual amount of K was applied only in one cropping season. However, the response of wheat was much greater than that of rice in Liyang. If potash was applied in the preceding season, the residual effect of K on wheat was larger than that on rice both in Siyang and Liyang, but less than that on corn. The total effect (direct and residual effects) of K applied to corn or rice was greater than that to wheat in Siyang, but that to wheat was greater in Liyang. The direct and total effects of K application in the upland were larger than those in the wetland of Siyang; but for the wetland,the effects were larger in Liyang than in Siyang, especially in the wheat season. The results demonstrated that the most profitable practice to be recommended to the local farmers was to apply a limited amount of potash to only rice or corn but not to wheat. Equally applying half of the total annual amount of K to each of the crops may be advisable in order to lessen possible fertilization risks.

LO-RAY-LIGH@ Diffraction Gratings in UV-VIS Spectroscopy

It has been more than half a century since the release of the first Shimadzu UV-VIS （UV-visible） spectrophotometer QB-50 in 1952, and during this time more than 160,000 UV-VIS spectrometers have been produced and installed in a wide variety of different applications. A lot of technical innovations have been implemented to improve the performance and significantly reduce the stray light levels. The latest innovation during development of sophisticated spectrophotometers is based on a new holographic exposure method and optimized etching process which has made it possible to produce both high-efficient and exceptionally low stray light gratings. These LO-RAY-LIGH~ gratings have guaranteed values of stray light at the intermediate position between zero-order and first-order lights. The values are measured by Shimadzu＇s laser stray-light-measuring system. The latest development in the series of UV-VIS spectrophotometers is the UV-2700 which is a true double beam double monochromator system in a compact design for high-precision spectral analysis of a wide range of samples including organic and inorganic compounds, biological samples, optical materials and photovoltaics. The high performance optical system is designed with ＂LO-RAY-LIGH＂ diffraction gratings, featuring highest efficiency and exceptionally low stray light. The spectrophotometer operates in the wavelength range from 185 nm to 900 nm and allows highly sophisticated applications such as direct measurement of high density samples up to 8 absorbance units without dilution.

Applications of Compton scattering

Compton scattering is used very widely. In this article, we depict an overall picture for its applications which are based on two basic theories. The first is the electron densitometry theory related to electron density. According to this theory its applications are in two fields: one is Compton scatter densitometry (CSD), the other is Compton scatter imaging (CSI). The second technique involves the electron momentum distribution and Compton profile. Applications of this technique are mainly the Compton profile analysis (CPA) and the Compton profile or the electron momentum distribution in physics and chemistry. Future research fields are suggested according to the current situation and limits of this technique and a promising prospect is unfolded.

Synthesis of Methyl 3-Hydroxypropanoate by Hydroesterification of Ethylene Oxide over Dicobalt Octacarbonyl Catalyst

Methyl 3-hydroxypropanoate was synthesized via hydroesterification of ethylene oxide with CO in the presence of dicobalt octacarbonyl catalyst and methanol solvent. The catalyst exhibited high catalytic activity. The effect of reaction temperature, CO pressure, methanol dosage, catalyst dosage and reaction time on catalytic reaction was investigated. The test results revealed that this reaction was greatly affected by reaction temperature, but it was not significantly affected by the CO pressure, the methanol dosage, the catalyst dosage and the reaction time. Under the optimal conditions, the conversion of ethylene oxide was equal to 92.24%, while the selectivity and yield of methyl 3-hydroxypropanoate reached 88.99% and 84.35%, respectively.

Automatically Mining Application Signatures for Lightweight Deep Packet Inspection

Automatic signature generation approaches have been widely applied in recent traffic classification.However,they are not suitable for LightWeight Deep Packet Inspection(LW_DPI) since their generated signatures are matched through a search of the entire application data.On the basis of LW_DPI schemes,we present two Hierarchical Clustering(HC) algorithms:HC_TCP and HC_UDP,which can generate byte signatures from TCP and UDP packet payloads respectively.In particular,HC_TCP and HC_ UDP can extract the positions of byte signatures in packet payloads.Further,in order to deal with the case in which byte signatures cannot be derived,we develop an algorithm for generating bit signatures.Compared with the LASER algorithm and Suffix Tree(ST)-based algorithm,the proposed algorithms are better in terms of both classification accuracy and speed.Moreover,the experimental results indicate that,as long as the application-protocol header exists,it is possible to automatically derive reliable and accurate signatures combined with their positions in packet payloads.

Possible Directions of Applications of IAS/IFRS in Kosovo and Comparative Aspects

Current accounting development in Kosovo is estimated to be relatively good, which always constituted in terms of maintenance, improvement and facilitate of financial reporting system for all business entities within this system In recent years, Kosovo experienced rapid development in economic and social aspects, along with all effects and other changes, which has occurred in the development of accounting and financial reporting system. Accounting requirements are already addressed to the business community for keeping proper accounting in accordance with existing intemational and Kosovar standards. In recent years in Kosovo, we notice an increase of enterprises in the number, especially private enterprises, which have highlighted the great necessary to have such information, who had been a major help for their managers. With this, the accounting gets a new role, becoming the information that flows from that decisive leadership bodies. But the changing of role of accounting must be accompanied by measures to ensure its retention in accordance with the requirements and new conditions created

Explore the Practice and Application of Nursing Safety and Quality Management

Objective： Explore the practice and application of safety care management and quality management at work. Methods： Establish and improve the nursing management system, safety assurance and quality improvement through the development of clinical nursing assessment standards, supervision, inspection and evaluation of the hospital based nursing quality management to ensure the compliance of the basic quality indicators; raised the nursing quality,to improve with the basic pattern, we prefer both the long and short-term goals, implement and guide the nursing quality, to improve project implementation, quality management training and assessment. Results： Through the implementation of the management of nursing safety and nursing quality, hospital comprehensive nursing quality and service satisfaction has increased significantly. Conclusion： Implementation of nursing safety management and nursing quality management, which ensure the nursing quality of hospital-wide surveillance, improvement and implementation of nursing quality and service satisfaction improved to play a positive role in promoting. Through increased management, nursing quality management more standardized and institutionalized procedures, and enhanced the quality of nurses＇ awareness and sense of competition, play an enhanced role in the promotion of the service concept of ＂patient-centered＂, improve the nursing comprehensive quality, and create a safe and comfortable medical and rehabilitation environment.

Multistage Stack with Multiple Pore Radii Applying the Temperature Gradient to a Thermoacoustic Engine

Conventional thermoacoustic engines have a stack pore radius that is almost constant in the axial direction. Hence, a thermoacoustic engine is expected to improve the energy conversion efficiency using a multistage stack with multiple pore radii. The stack comprises several bundles of numerous narrow tubes with specified pore radii. The optimum pore radius of the stack is determined by the oscillation frequency and the temperature in the stack. Consequently, the suitable pore radius changes in the axial direction, because the temperature gradient exists along the stack axis. Therefore, a multistage stack with multiple pore radii is introduced, which achieves a desired optimum pore radius everywhere in the stack. The energy conversion efficiency of the multistage stack, which was studied experimentally for a straight-tube type thermoacoustic engine, was compared with that of a conventional single-stage stack. In these experiments, the improvement of the energy conversion efficiency was confirmed. A numerical method with the transmittance matrix to include the effect of a multistage stack was used, and good agreement between experimental and numerical results was obtained. The results make a future possibilities for stack design intended to higher thermoacoustic engine efficiency expect.

Littlewood-Paley theory on metric spaces with non doubling measures and its applications

The purpose of this paper is to extend the Littlewood-Paley theory to a geometrically doubling metric space with a non-doubling measure satisfying a weak growth condition. Moreover, we prove that our setting mentioned above, is equivalent to the one introduced and studied by HytSnen （2010） in his remarkable framework, i.e., the geometrically doubling metric space with a non-doubling measure satisfying a so-called upper doubling condition. As an application, we obtain the T1 theorem in this more general setting. Moreover, the Gaussian measure is also discussed.

Recent progress in random metric theory and its applications to conditional risk measures

The purpose of this paper is to give a selective survey on recent progress in random metric theory and its applications to conditional risk measures.This paper includes eight sections.Section 1 is a longer introduction,which gives a brief introduction to random metric theory,risk measures and conditional risk measures.Section 2 gives the central framework in random metric theory,topological structures,important examples,the notions of a random conjugate space and the Hahn-Banach theorems for random linear functionals.Section 3 gives several important representation theorems for random conjugate spaces.Section 4 gives characterizations for a complete random normed module to be random reflexive.Section 5 gives hyperplane separation theorems currently available in random locally convex modules.Section 6 gives the theory of random duality with respect to the locally L0-convex topology and in particular a characterization for a locally L0-convex module to be L0-pre-barreled.Section 7 gives some basic results on L0-convex analysis together with some applications to conditional risk measures.Finally,Section 8 is devoted to extensions of conditional convex risk measures,which shows that every representable L∞-type of conditional convex risk measure and every continuous Lp-type of convex conditional risk measure(1 ≤ p < +∞) can be extended to an L∞F(E)-type of σ,λ(L∞F(E),L1F(E))-lower semicontinuous conditional convex risk measure and an LpF(E)-type of T,λ-continuous conditional convex risk measure(1 ≤ p < +∞),respectively.

A single camera volumetric particle image velocimetry and its application

Volumetric particle image velocimetry(VPIV) refers to a PIV-based technique which can obtain full velocity components in a three-dimensional measurement volume.A new VPIV method with a single lens was developed.A three-vision prism was used to make viewing from different angles using one camera.The technique was tested and successfully applied to a three-dimensional three-component(3D3C) measurement of a zero-net-mass-flux jet flow.The accuracy of the measurement was investigated,specifically in steps of calibration,self-calibration and particle triangulation.Time sequence of a vortex ring development was presented.It was shown that the measurement has high accuracy with validation rate of velocity vector reaching about 95%.The flow with vortex ring passing the measurement volume was studied using both swirl strength and vorticity magnitude criteria.Through comparison,the swirl criterion was found to be superior to the criterion of vorticity in differentiating the rotation motion and the free shear.