Christian buildings in Shaanxi already have more than 1,300 years development history since the first church was built in Chang＇an in 635 AD. The Rapid development of Christian buildings started from 1840 due to the ...Christian buildings in Shaanxi already have more than 1,300 years development history since the first church was built in Chang＇an in 635 AD. The Rapid development of Christian buildings started from 1840 due to the entry of foreign missionaries. Various types of Christian buildings rose up in the province, were constructed by local builder, but designed and funded by foreign missionaries. In comparison to other Christian buildings, churches have unique historical value, cultural value and also special meaning in architecture art. However, their cultural heritage value has not yet been sufficiently considered. They are facing the prospect of being damaged and demolished, even in nowadays. It is incumbent that their architecture to be historically evaluated and that ways to be found to preserve them. In this paper, the author will focus on the neoteric Christian churches and illustrate the architecture by taking examples from the churches in Shaanxi, along with the intention to clarify the relationship between social background and the history of evolution of these churches. In addition, the authors have taken the chance to understand more comprehensively about the fascinating history of these Christian churches by way of field surveys and taping into archival documents.展开更多
In the 1960s,to prepare for war,China initiated a massive economic campaign known as“Third Front construction”(sanxian jianshe三线建设).Third Front construction was largely founded on manufacturing industry,transpor...In the 1960s,to prepare for war,China initiated a massive economic campaign known as“Third Front construction”(sanxian jianshe三线建设).Third Front construction was largely founded on manufacturing industry,transport,and national defense science and technology.It began to attract academic attention from the 1980s,and the relevant research has made rapid progress since the advent of the new century.Today,research efforts in this field mainly come from history,supplemented by other disciplines such as sociology,economics,geography,architecture and musicology.With the increasing integration of disciplines in the future,Third Front construction promises to be one of the most vigorous and creative areas in studies of contemporary Chinese history and contemporary China.展开更多
The rise and development of China’s academic system is a process that started from“passively accepting Western Learning”to today’s“catching up with Western Learning and even exceeding it”.In the last century,Chi...The rise and development of China’s academic system is a process that started from“passively accepting Western Learning”to today’s“catching up with Western Learning and even exceeding it”.In the last century,China experienced a turbulent and unstable social environment in which academics and politics have always been intertwined.As a result,the internal logic of China’s academic system shares similar characteristics with its Western models,but is unique in certain ways at the same time.In the complex and inseparable relationship between academics and politics,which involves both love and hate,the logic that academics must serve political needs,on one hand,establishes the co-existence of the academia and the government,which provides a relatively stable environment for academic activities within the system;on the other hand,it also jeopardizes the ecological environment in which the academics can develop according to its own internal logic.For exactly the same reasons,even at present,internalization means something special and complex for Chinese academia because,on one hand,it truly represents academia’s strive to meet international standards;on the other hand,the pushing factor behind this“voluntary”stance is still state and political power.展开更多
文摘Christian buildings in Shaanxi already have more than 1,300 years development history since the first church was built in Chang＇an in 635 AD. The Rapid development of Christian buildings started from 1840 due to the entry of foreign missionaries. Various types of Christian buildings rose up in the province, were constructed by local builder, but designed and funded by foreign missionaries. In comparison to other Christian buildings, churches have unique historical value, cultural value and also special meaning in architecture art. However, their cultural heritage value has not yet been sufficiently considered. They are facing the prospect of being damaged and demolished, even in nowadays. It is incumbent that their architecture to be historically evaluated and that ways to be found to preserve them. In this paper, the author will focus on the neoteric Christian churches and illustrate the architecture by taking examples from the churches in Shaanxi, along with the intention to clarify the relationship between social background and the history of evolution of these churches. In addition, the authors have taken the chance to understand more comprehensively about the fascinating history of these Christian churches by way of field surveys and taping into archival documents.
基金This study is part of the results of the key program“Organization and Investigation of Materials on Small Third Front Construction”(13&ZD097)in 2013the key program“Protection and Innovation in the Use of the Third Front Industrial Legacy”(17ZD027)in 2017,both supported by the National Social Science Fund of China,as well as the key philosophy and social sciences program“Collection,Organization and Investigation of Historical Materials on Third Front Construction”(18JZD027)in 2018supported by the Ministry of Education.The author is also indebted to Chen Chao,Associate Professor at the Department of Comparative Politics,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,for his assistance in the study.
文摘In the 1960s,to prepare for war,China initiated a massive economic campaign known as“Third Front construction”(sanxian jianshe三线建设).Third Front construction was largely founded on manufacturing industry,transport,and national defense science and technology.It began to attract academic attention from the 1980s,and the relevant research has made rapid progress since the advent of the new century.Today,research efforts in this field mainly come from history,supplemented by other disciplines such as sociology,economics,geography,architecture and musicology.With the increasing integration of disciplines in the future,Third Front construction promises to be one of the most vigorous and creative areas in studies of contemporary Chinese history and contemporary China.
文摘The rise and development of China’s academic system is a process that started from“passively accepting Western Learning”to today’s“catching up with Western Learning and even exceeding it”.In the last century,China experienced a turbulent and unstable social environment in which academics and politics have always been intertwined.As a result,the internal logic of China’s academic system shares similar characteristics with its Western models,but is unique in certain ways at the same time.In the complex and inseparable relationship between academics and politics,which involves both love and hate,the logic that academics must serve political needs,on one hand,establishes the co-existence of the academia and the government,which provides a relatively stable environment for academic activities within the system;on the other hand,it also jeopardizes the ecological environment in which the academics can develop according to its own internal logic.For exactly the same reasons,even at present,internalization means something special and complex for Chinese academia because,on one hand,it truly represents academia’s strive to meet international standards;on the other hand,the pushing factor behind this“voluntary”stance is still state and political power.
