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卡文迪许实验室与贝尔实验室的建室方略比较与启示 被引量:2
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作者 眭平 《实验室研究与探索》 CAS 北大核心 2011年第10期166-169,共4页
英国卡文迪许实验室与美国贝尔实验室是近现代最著名最具代表性的两大实验室,它们在科技创新领域里都取得了巨大的成功,而且人才辈出。它们成功的秘诀是什么?通过对两大实验室的建室方略,即建室宗旨、任务和方针进行比较研究,可探讨出... 英国卡文迪许实验室与美国贝尔实验室是近现代最著名最具代表性的两大实验室,它们在科技创新领域里都取得了巨大的成功,而且人才辈出。它们成功的秘诀是什么?通过对两大实验室的建室方略,即建室宗旨、任务和方针进行比较研究,可探讨出两大实验室建室的共性特点和差异特色,并得到启发性的思考。 展开更多
关键词 卡文迪许实验 贝尔实验 建室方略 比较研究
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别让“挂牌建室”走形变样
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作者 杨涛 《中国有色金属》 2019年第3期8-8,共1页
两间总共不到30平方米的屋子里,安设了几张桌子,桌上摆放几件工器具,墙上几张组织机构图,门外再挂几块牌子,既可以是职工创新工作室,也可以是劳模技师工作室,只要换块牌子,还能在上级检查考评时'客串'个别的什么室,大有无所不... 两间总共不到30平方米的屋子里,安设了几张桌子,桌上摆放几件工器具,墙上几张组织机构图,门外再挂几块牌子,既可以是职工创新工作室,也可以是劳模技师工作室,只要换块牌子,还能在上级检查考评时'客串'个别的什么室,大有无所不能之感。前段时间,笔者随同单位职工技术创新工作考评组到基层单位检查考评时看到,很多基层单位热衷于挂牌建室。一方面,有些单位为了某项工作需要,集中人力物力财力建个专门室,确实推动工作见到了成效。 展开更多
关键词 职工 牌子 单位 检查 建室 考评组 基层单位 工作 工作
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强化“按纲建室”意识 全面提升教研室建设水平
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作者 严以森 薛艳丽 《军队政工理论研究》 2017年第2期111-114,共4页
教研室作为军队院校执行教学科研任务的基层单位,必须认真学习贯彻《军队基层建设纲要》,消除认识误区,确立《纲要》指导地位;对照建设标准,统筹规划工作抓手;抓好中心工作,确保教学实施质量;科学开展"双争",提升科研学术层次... 教研室作为军队院校执行教学科研任务的基层单位,必须认真学习贯彻《军队基层建设纲要》,消除认识误区,确立《纲要》指导地位;对照建设标准,统筹规划工作抓手;抓好中心工作,确保教学实施质量;科学开展"双争",提升科研学术层次;重视组织建设,严格规范党务工作;机关履职尽责,增强按纲指导实效。 展开更多
关键词 军队基层设纲要 教研 按纲建室
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按纲建室要遵循科室建设的特点规律
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作者 康士建 《军队政工理论研究》 2011年第1期77-79,共3页
随着形势任务变化,基层科室占部队比重增大,地位作用日益突出。基层科室建设是部队基层建设重要组成部分,按纲建室是基层科室科学发展的保证。要适应基层科室建设的自身特点和基本要求,切实抓好按纲建室工作。
关键词 基层科 特点规律 "按纲建室"
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计量室建标工作的技术经济分析
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作者 王建昆 《标准.计量.质量》 1996年第9期14-15,共2页
关键词 计量标工作 技术经济分析 成本效益分析法
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室建陀身世的演变与整合——从两大史诗到《鸠摩罗出世》
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作者 张婧 《北方工业大学学报》 2017年第1期69-76,共8页
印度教的室建陀本是火神的后裔,随着印度文化的发展,融入了湿婆神话的系统中,成为湿婆之子。本文通过梳理两大史诗《摩诃婆罗多》《罗摩衍那》和迦梨陀娑的《鸠摩罗出世》中的室建陀出世的情节,试图从被创造以及被压缩的元素中一窥印度... 印度教的室建陀本是火神的后裔,随着印度文化的发展,融入了湿婆神话的系统中,成为湿婆之子。本文通过梳理两大史诗《摩诃婆罗多》《罗摩衍那》和迦梨陀娑的《鸠摩罗出世》中的室建陀出世的情节,试图从被创造以及被压缩的元素中一窥印度文化的发展脉络。 展开更多
关键词 两大史诗 《鸠摩罗出世》 印度文化
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爆炸应力波在洞室围岩中的分布及洞库稳定性研究 被引量:5
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作者 沈俊 张向阳 +2 位作者 陈安敏 徐景茂 孔福利 《现代隧道技术》 EI 北大核心 2014年第5期55-60,共6页
文章采用模型试验和数值计算相结合的方法,对爆破应力波在下部已有洞库围岩内的传播及洞室的安全稳定性进行了研究,得到了爆炸波在洞室围岩体内的分布规律及拱顶的位移曲线。结果表明:压力峰值随着距爆点距离的增大而逐渐减小,通过爆心... 文章采用模型试验和数值计算相结合的方法,对爆破应力波在下部已有洞库围岩内的传播及洞室的安全稳定性进行了研究,得到了爆炸波在洞室围岩体内的分布规律及拱顶的位移曲线。结果表明:压力峰值随着距爆点距离的增大而逐渐减小,通过爆心竖直测量线上的垂直压力峰值大于通过洞室形心水平线上对应位置处的压力峰值,水平测量线上测点的垂直压力峰值基本上大于水平压力峰值;正拱顶部位爆炸压力峰值小于衬砌材料的抗压强度,且拱顶没有产生不可恢复的永久位移,洞室是安全稳定的;交通隧道爆破施工时,应重点监测其下方洞室正拱顶及拱脚与侧墙顶部交接部位衬砌的动态反应。 展开更多
关键词 爆破动载 模型试验 数值计算 稳定性
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Investigation and analysis on indoor air quality of large commercial office building in summer 被引量:1
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作者 魏小清 李念平 +2 位作者 周慧 肖书博 胡丽君 《Journal of Southeast University(English Edition)》 EI CAS 2010年第2期243-245,共3页
To study the indoor air qualities(IAQ)of large commercial office buildings in Hunan province of China and the corresponding improvement methods,the IAQ of a large commercial office building in Changsha in July,2008,... To study the indoor air qualities(IAQ)of large commercial office buildings in Hunan province of China and the corresponding improvement methods,the IAQ of a large commercial office building in Changsha in July,2008,is investigated.A questionnaire survey and field tests are used to collect data.According to the data of twelve rooms in this building,objective evaluation and the subjective evaluation of the IAQ are obtained.Almost all of the environmental parameters in these rooms basically meet the standards of the objective evaluation.But the average concentration of carbon dioxide in most rooms cannot reach the value of the cleanliness standards,1 255 mg/m^3.The average acceptability of the IAQ in these rooms is 71%,which is lower than the value of the ASHRAE 55—1992 standards,80%.The proper increase in the wind speed and the indoor fresh air supply can greatly improve the objective evaluation and the subjective evaluation of the IAQ. 展开更多
关键词 large commercial office building indoor air quality(IAQ) objective evaluation subjective evaluation
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Heat and hazardous contaminant transports in ventilated high-rise industrial halls 被引量:4
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作者 王沨枫 刘志强 +3 位作者 Christoph van Treeck 王汉青 唐文武 寇广孝 《Journal of Central South University》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2015年第6期2106-2118,共13页
Performances and efficiencies of displacement ventilation(DV) and partial ventilation(PV) for industrial halls of different configurations as well as the heat and mass transports within the industrial halls were numer... Performances and efficiencies of displacement ventilation(DV) and partial ventilation(PV) for industrial halls of different configurations as well as the heat and mass transports within the industrial halls were numerically investigated. Three levels of Rayleigh number(5.8×1010, 1.0×1012 and 2.1×1012) and two values of source contaminant flux(5 mg/s and 50 mg/s) were considered. The inlet Reynolds numbers were 2×104, 5×104, 1.5×105 and 4.5×105 for DV and 5×105, 1×106, 2×106 and 4×106 for PV, respectively. From the results, it is concluded that the above parameters have very complex impacts on the conjugated heat and mass transports. From points of view of acceptable indoor air quality and ventilation efficiency, PV at Re=1×106 with side-located sources and 65% of the supply air extracted through floor level outlets is the best choice when Ra=5.8×1010. However, DVs at Re=5×104 and Re=1.5×105with center-located sources and floor-mounted air suppliers are the best choices for Ra=1.0×1012 and Ra=2.1×1012, respectively. When source contaminant flux reaches 50 mg/s, local extraction as a supplement of general ventilation is recommended. The results can be a first approximation to 3D numerical investigation and preliminary ventilation system design guidelines for high-rise industrial halls. 展开更多
关键词 large space general ventilation highly turbulent flows combined heat and mass transports
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负面舆情传播规律及其对策研究 被引量:1
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作者 黄茜 王书勤 《广州大学学报(自然科学版)》 CAS 2014年第6期69-72,共4页
借鉴流行病学仓室建模的思想,根据人们对负面舆情了解情况和态度,将人们划为4类:易感类、潜伏类、感染类、移出类.通过对负面舆情的传播的分析,确定了4者之间的转移关系,建立微分方程模型,同时提出了易感类转移为感染类的概率应该随着... 借鉴流行病学仓室建模的思想,根据人们对负面舆情了解情况和态度,将人们划为4类:易感类、潜伏类、感染类、移出类.通过对负面舆情的传播的分析,确定了4者之间的转移关系,建立微分方程模型,同时提出了易感类转移为感染类的概率应该随着时间由大变小,而感染类转化为移出类的概率应该随着时间由小变大,确定其概率函数,并由此得出了负面舆情的控制策略. 展开更多
关键词 负面舆情 传播概率 舆情传播
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Modeled Influence of East Asian Black Carbon on Inter-Decadal Shifts in East China Summer Rainfall 被引量:4
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作者 Rashed MAHMOOD LI Shuang-Lin 《Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters》 2011年第6期349-355,共7页
Two inter-decadal shifts in East China summer rainfall during the last three decades of the 20th century have been identified.One shift occurred in the late 1970s and featured more rainfall in the Yangtze River valley... Two inter-decadal shifts in East China summer rainfall during the last three decades of the 20th century have been identified.One shift occurred in the late 1970s and featured more rainfall in the Yangtze River valley and prolonged drought in North China.The other shift occurred in the early 1990s and featured increased rainfall in South China.The role of black carbon(BC) aerosol in the first shift event is controversial,and it has not been documented for the second event.In this study,the authors used Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's(GFDL's) atmospheric general circulation model known as Atmosphere and Land Model(AM2.1) ,which has been shown to capture East Asian climate variability well,to investigate these issues by conducting sensitive experiments with or without historical BC in East Asia. The results suggest that the model reproduces the first shift well,including intensified rainfall in the Yangtze River and weakened monsoonal circulation.However,the model captures only a fraction of the observed variations for the second shift event.Thus,the role of BC in modulating the two shift events is different,and its impact is relatively less important for the early 1990s event. 展开更多
关键词 black carbon aerosol inter-decadal climate variability East China summer rainfall
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丙烯酸-2,4,6-三硝基苯乙酯的合成及热分解 被引量:2
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作者 刘强强 金波 +3 位作者 彭汝芳 舒远杰 楚士晋 董海山 《含能材料》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2012年第5期579-582,共4页
以TNT、甲醛为原料,在弱碱性条件下反应合成得到2,4,6-三硝基苯乙醇(PicCH2CH2OH);PicCH2CH2OH在浓硫酸催化下和丙烯酸在甲苯中回流反应24h,合成得到丙烯酸-2,4,6-三硝基苯乙酯,产率为62%。采用紫外可见光谱(UV-Vis)、核磁共振氢谱(1HN... 以TNT、甲醛为原料,在弱碱性条件下反应合成得到2,4,6-三硝基苯乙醇(PicCH2CH2OH);PicCH2CH2OH在浓硫酸催化下和丙烯酸在甲苯中回流反应24h,合成得到丙烯酸-2,4,6-三硝基苯乙酯,产率为62%。采用紫外可见光谱(UV-Vis)、核磁共振氢谱(1HNMR)、红外光谱(FTIR)、质谱(MS)以及元素分析等对产物结构进行了表征。利用热重分析(TG)对产物热稳定性进行了研究,采用Kissinger方法和Ozawa方法计算其热分解活化能Ea分别为99.78,102.96kJ·mol-1。 展开更多
关键词 有机化学 2 4 6-三硝基苯乙醇 丙烯酸-2 4 6-三硝基苯乙酯 热稳定性 活化能
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Research on the different content of weathered sand influence on expansive characteristic of a highway expansive soil in Yichang 被引量:1
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作者 Yang Jun Li Xinchun +2 位作者 Zhang Guodong Tang Yunwei Xie Zhigang 《Engineering Sciences》 EI 2013年第5期84-90,共7页
This paper aims at widespread presence of expansive soil which can be obtained in the project from Xiaoxita to Yaqueling first-class highway rebuilding engineering in Yichang City of Hubei Province and weathered sand ... This paper aims at widespread presence of expansive soil which can be obtained in the project from Xiaoxita to Yaqueling first-class highway rebuilding engineering in Yichang City of Hubei Province and weathered sand which can be made full use locally,many experiments have been made. Compaction experiments and expansibility index indoor experiments of undisturbed expansive soil and expansive soil mixed with sand ranging from 10 % to 50 % have been made. Through the test mixing undisturbed expansive soil with different content of weathered sand,it can change the expansive soil water characteristics and compaction characteristics. It can influence the expansibility of the expansive soil index and significantly inhibit the expansibility of the expansive soil and reach the standard of roadbed filler. 展开更多
关键词 expansive soil weathered sand expansion indicator compaction test
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Indoor Nitrogen Oxides Occurrence, Modeling and Prediction
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作者 Ingrid Senitkova 《Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture》 2012年第6期751-755,共5页
Outdoor air quality, building materials, HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning) systems and people activity are important factors in human exposition of polluted indoor air. The degree of signification varies... Outdoor air quality, building materials, HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning) systems and people activity are important factors in human exposition of polluted indoor air. The degree of signification varies in dependence on pollution character and its sources. Buildings eliminate significantly people exposition of outdoor pollutants, but on the other hand, buildings are significant source of indoor pollution. The contamination of indoor air is largely from the use of gas for heating and cooking appliances. A comprehensive analysis of indoor air pollution by nitrogen oxides shows that the extent of indoor air pollution and consequent exposure varies as a result of many factors mainly the differing dislribution of appliances and their level of use. This study aims to formulate a mathematical model for the production of nitrogen oxides indoors. The physical processes that determine the concentrations of indoor nitrogen oxides as a function of outdoor concentrations, indoor emission rates and building characteristics have been mathematically described. The mathematical model developed has been parameterized for typical Slovak residences. The modeling of the occurrence of indoor nitrogen oxides and verification of the model is presented in this paper. 展开更多
关键词 Indoors nitrogen oxides OCCURRENCE PREDICTION MODELING verification.
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Experimental and CFD Study on the Role of Fluid Flow Pattern on Membrane Permeate Flux 被引量:7
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作者 A. Parvareh M. Rahimi +1 位作者 S. S. Madaeni A. A. Alsairafi 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2011年第1期18-25,共8页
This paper reports a study on the role of fluid flow pattern and dynamic pressure on the permeate flux through a micro filtration membrane in laboratory scale.For this purpose,a dead-end membrane cell equipped with a ... This paper reports a study on the role of fluid flow pattern and dynamic pressure on the permeate flux through a micro filtration membrane in laboratory scale.For this purpose,a dead-end membrane cell equipped with a marine type impeller was used.The impeller was set to rotate in the clockwise and counter clockwise directions with the same angular velocities in order to illustrate the effect of rotation direction on permeate flux.Consequently, permeate fluxes were measured at various impeller rotational speeds.The computational fluid dynamics(CFD)predicted dynamic pressure was related to the fluxes obtained in the experiments.Using the CFD modeling,it is proven that the change in dynamic pressure upon the membrane surface has direct effect on the permeate flux. 展开更多
关键词 MEMBRANE MICROFILTRATION computational fluid dynamics modeling permeate flux
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Windows Influence on Room Daylighting in Residential Buildings
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作者 Hakim Altan Jitka Mohelnikova 《Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture》 2015年第3期291-299,共9页
Daylighting studies in buildings are key parts of environmental analysis and can be easily conducted at the early stages of design as part of environmentally responsive building design as well as to inform the final a... Daylighting studies in buildings are key parts of environmental analysis and can be easily conducted at the early stages of design as part of environmentally responsive building design as well as to inform the final architectural layout and interior design. The main aim of this study is to demonstrate how such daylighting studies can be completed at the early stages of design and, at the same time, to show the impact of window design and positioning on building indoor environments. The paper is focused on a study of window influence on room daylighting in residential buildings and computer lighting simulations in software packages: Windows Daylighting System and Autodesk Ecotect Analysis, have been carried out for different style and positioning of windows using several case studies. The main findings clearly indicated that not only the window size and style matters, but also the positioning of windows considering external walls which would make a significant influence on room daylighting levels and, therefore, such daylight studies are very important for the early stage of environmental analysis during building design. 展开更多
关键词 Lighting analysis daylight studies computer simulations daylighting levels window size and positioning residential buildings.
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Assessing Indoor Environmental Quality of Educational Buildings Using BIM
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作者 Ibrahim AI-Sulaihi Khalid AI-Gahtani Abdullah Alsugair Ibrahim Tijani 《Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B)》 2015年第8期451-458,共8页
Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) deals with providing a healthy and comfortable indoor environment. Most of international sustainability rating systems consider IEQ as a key perspective for developing sustainable ... Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) deals with providing a healthy and comfortable indoor environment. Most of international sustainability rating systems consider IEQ as a key perspective for developing sustainable buildings. Educational buildings include large number of people which increase the need to provide appropriate IEQ. Accordingly, there is a critical need to frequently assess of IEQ in this type of buildings in order to maintain the satisfactory level of IEQ. This paper aims to develop a framework for assessing and improving the IEQ of educational buildings in Saudi Arabia through measuring the IEQ parameters and integrating these results with Building Information Modeling (BIM). The key IEQ parameters considered in this study include thermal comfort, indoor air quality and visual comfort. These parameters have been measured by comfort-sense system, indoor air quality meter and light meter respectively. The measured data are integrated with BIM model in order to track the IEQ problems, and to develop IEQ history over time. By using the proposed framework, the IEQ can be tracked and improved. The IEQ assessment framework has been implemented on educational building in Saudi Arabia as a case study to validate the process and perform the necessary modifications and improvements. 展开更多
关键词 IEQ ENVIRONMENT BIM thermal comfort visual comfort building.
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Post-occupancy Evaluation for Ceremonial and Public Buildings: A Case Study of Amman City Hall, Jordan
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作者 Rami Al-Shawabkeh Mwfeq Ibraheem Alhaddad Firas Gandah 《Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture》 2016年第12期1373-1383,共11页
POE (post-occupancy evaluation) of buildings is one of the most important mechanisms which ensures that ceremonial and public building performance including its facilities is sustained. POE studies concerned with ef... POE (post-occupancy evaluation) of buildings is one of the most important mechanisms which ensures that ceremonial and public building performance including its facilities is sustained. POE studies concerned with efficiency of building performance after using and implementing with the end-user. It provides feedback on the current status of the building and proposes solutions to existing problems in addition to guidelines and design criteria for the best solutions in the future. Despite precedent research which have been undertaken in the context of building performance, aspects of evaluating building performance have not been specified and used widely in Jordan. At the commencement of this research, the concept of POE is still new in Jordan, and the local building practitioners are still unfamiliar with this approach for the evaluation of a building performance in Amman. Accordingly, there is a need to undertake this kind of research in Jordan to identify the main guidelines of POE to be applied effectively in ceremonial and public buildings. This study therefore applies POE of indoor environment of the public buildings by exploring the guidelines that can constitute a successful and effective framework for the public buildings in Amman. This was achieved using the learnt lessons from Amman City Hall building which was used as a case study and reflecting them on these where needed. Analytical and descriptive approach basis was applied, adopting a mixed method approach (qualitative and quantitative method) by using observation tool and a questionnaire survey with occupants. Context-derived data and statistics analyzed together were used to explore the guidelines of POE to be applied effectively in public buildings. A field visit and observation tool was adopted for gathering information leading to the findings and recommendations. A questionnaire was also used to extrapolate core findings of this research. This research provides a significant contribution of POE result towards improving indoor environment to ceremonial and public buildings in Jordan. 展开更多
关键词 Post occupancy evaluation Amman City Hall ceremonial and public building.
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Unfolding Evolution Strategically in Integrated Studios of Building and Design to Innovative Grasp of Design Creativity
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作者 Didem Bas Yanarates 《Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A)》 2015年第12期665-674,共10页
In emergence of design, it is undoubted to be informed from nature for how things get done. But in architecture, the students are not used to start up with biological investigation. Instead of analogues, it is permitt... In emergence of design, it is undoubted to be informed from nature for how things get done. But in architecture, the students are not used to start up with biological investigation. Instead of analogues, it is permitted to pursue an evolvability systematics for built emerge. The systematics relies upon the key assumptions of Kirschner who sought the characteristics of biological evolution. For an integrated design thinking of an architectural mind, this is a methodological study, which strategically adapts living forms' evolvability capacity to built-forms' structural emergence. The study outlines the evolution strategy with experimental studios of building and design. The preceding systematic is taught in distinguished courses. It is purposed to build an easy-to-apply framework for how to generate novel structures and how the spatial structure units are organized to emerge with an imagined nature as novel tectonic model. Besides, building up structural thinking into the consilience of evolution strategy, the study is also distinguished for understanding the value system of architectural mind to diagnose the genuine character of inventive built form. Strategy constructs processes. Thinking strategy concludes by the evolvability directives of studio assignments and they are given as flow-charts and project models. 展开更多
关键词 CREATIVITY innovative design EVOLVABILITY building and design teaching.
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Global Research Trends Related to CO_2 Emissions and Their Enlightenment to China
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作者 Liu Hongguang Liu Weidong +1 位作者 Fan Xiaomei Tang Zhipeng 《Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment》 2012年第1期3-12,共10页
Given the growing awareness of the likely catastrophic impacts of climate change and close association of climate change with global emissions of greenhouse gases (of which carbon dioxide is more prominent) , consid... Given the growing awareness of the likely catastrophic impacts of climate change and close association of climate change with global emissions of greenhouse gases (of which carbon dioxide is more prominent) , considerable research efforts have been devoted to the analysis of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and its relationship to sustainable development. Now GHG reduction programs have been coming into effect in many developed coun- tries that have more responsibility for historical CO2 emissions, and the studies have become mature. First, the GHG emissions accounting system is more all-inclusive and the methods are more rational with the effort of IPCC from 1995 and all other research- ers related. Second, the responsibility allocation is more rational and fair. Along with the clarity of "carbon transfer" and "carbon leakage", the perspective and methodology for allocating regional COz emissions responsibility is turning from production base to consumption base. Third, the decomposition method has become more mature and more complex. For example, the decomposition formulas are including KAYA expression and input-output expres- sion and the decomposition techniques are developed from index analysis to simple average divisia and then adaptive-weighting divisia. Fourth, projection models have become more integrated and long-term. The top-down model and bottom-up model are both inter-embedded and synergetic. Trends above give some advice for the research on CO2 in China, such as emissions factors database construction, deeper-going research on emissions responsibility and structure analysis, promotion of modeling technology and technology-environment database. 展开更多
关键词 CO2 emissions research trends ENLIGHTENMENT
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