低温烧成建白瓷的试制

通过添加人工合成特效助熔剂的方法,成功地将传统建白瓷的烧成温度从1350℃左右降到了1200℃。降温节能效果显著,实现了传统高级瓷器低温烧结之目的。并应用XRD与SEM等研究手段,对两种瓷器的微观结构进行对比分析。

论方东树《书林扬觯》之“建白”

清代中叶汉宋并立,学术思想派系波澜涌动,桐城方东树激愤而著《汉学商兑》以卫宋学。稍后又撰《书林扬觯》,虽仍出以宋学视角,但摆脱了前书言辞偏激的缺陷。方东树在《书林扬觯》中针对当时学人轻易著书、著书贪多、矜名等流弊,提出著书须有宗旨、有实用、重修身明道等"建白",并借论语录著书与说部著书谈汉宋之学,一改激烈态度,重视汉宋融合,从中可以窥见清中叶学术思潮发展、衍变的轨迹。

夏建白：简单目标，健步快走

以简单化解复杂问题，是他做研究的风格，坚持科研服从于应用。

如脂·琢化——“建白瓷”当代陶艺创作群体现象研究

近十余年来,以福建德化“建白瓷”为载体进行当代陶艺创作的艺术家逐渐增多,他们频繁地入选和参加国家级高水平的展览,形成了一定的创作群体现象,逐渐引起国内当代陶艺界的关注。本文对“建白瓷”当代陶艺创作的主要群体,代表性艺术家和他们的创作特点进行了探究归纳,也从创作实践、理论研究、支持机制等现状出发,探讨了群体现象背后的不足,就群体的成长提出了自己的思考与建议,力图为“建白瓷”当代陶艺创作群体的整体提升提供参考,同时也为国内各传统陶瓷窑口在当代化进程中的转变与发展提供参照。

历览人间世 守拙赤子情——记中国科学院院士、中国科学院半导体研究所研究员夏建白

从成府路往北,穿过清华东路,中国科学院半导体研究所(以下简称'半导体研究所')门前的11个大字清晰可见。在名门学府和科研院所林立的北京五道口,无论是地理位置、占地面积,还是所内建筑物样式,半导体研究所都不起眼。然而这里却是孕育中国半导体物理学的摇篮。

不同香型白酒在陶缸陈酿过程中的变化研究

为了弄清楚不同香型白酒在陶缸陈酿过程中的变化情况,更好地指导原酒的科学贮存,选取3种香型白酒(清香、浓香、酱香)分别放入陶缸中进行陈酿3年,研究3种香型白酒在陶缸陈酿过程中酒精度、金属元素、微量风味成分和感官风格的变化情况。随着储存时间的延长,酯类物质含量总体呈现下降趋势,三年左右趋于平衡,酸类物质缓慢增加,高级醇含量轻微下降;Na、K、Mg、Fe、Zn等金属元素显示出升高的趋势;感官评分呈一定的增加趋势。

Variations of population structure and important value of the main edificators along the elevation gradient on the northern slope of Changbai Mountain

From 700 m to 1900 m on the northern slope of Changbai Mountain, 13 plots with an interval of 100 m in elevation were investigated to study the variations of population structure and important value of the main edificators along the elevation gradient. In their core distribution areas, most of the edificators had healthy population structure and could regenerate smoothly except Larix olgensis, but important value of Larix olgensis had no obvious variations with elevation changes, which showed that Larix olgensis had its own particularity and strong adaptability. At high elevation above 1800 m, Betula ermanii was the only species that could form a mono-dominant community. Important values of Pinus koraiensis and Acer mono had similar changing trends, and they had the similar ecological adaptabilities.

Modeling Rice rgMT as a Plant Metallothionein-Like Protein by the Distance Geometry and Homology Methods

Rice metallothionein-like protein (rgMT) shows characteristics of a three-section pattern composed of two highly conserved cysteine rich (CR) domains in the terminals and a spacer without cysteine (cys) residues in the center of the molecule. In this paper, the two CR domains and the spacer region were modeled by the distance geometry and homology methods separately. For the CR domains, twenty random models were generated for each cys combination based on the constraint conditions of CXC (C represents cys, X represents any amino acid other than cys), and CXXC motifs and a metal-sulfur chelating cluster. Four models for the N-terminal and two for C-terminal CR domain containing metal chelating structures formed by different combinations of cys were selected from 900 possible conformations. The GOR method was used to predict the secondary structure of the spacer region and its model was built by the homology method. After three parts of the protein were modeled, they were connected to form a three-dimensional structure model of rgMT. The whole conformation showed that rgMT could form two independent metal-sulfur chelating structures connected by a spacer peptide, without a structural or energy barrier for them to form two independent metal-chelating clusters just as mammalian metallothionein (MT) proteins. As all plant metallothionein-like (MT-L) proteins have the same primary structural characteristic, two CR domains connected by a spacer region, and many have the same cys arrangement pattern as rgMT, the three-dimensional structure model of rgMT will provide an important reference for the structural study of other plant MT-L proteins.

Absolute Measurement Fiber-optic Sensors inLarge Structural Monitoring

The security of civil engineering is an important task due to the economic, social and environmental significance. Compared with conventional sensors, the optical fiber sensors have their unique characteristics.Being durable, stable and insensitive to external perturbations,they are particular interesting for the long-term monitoring of civil structures.Focus is on absolute measurement optical fiber sensors, which are emerging from the monitoring large structural, including SOFO system, F-P optical fiber sensors, and fiber Bragg grating sensors. The principle, characteristic and application of these three kinds of optical fiber sensors are described together with their future prospects.

Ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head:A focus on current diagnostic and surgical concepts

Complete surgical resection still remains the only possibility of curing pancreatic cancer,however,only 10% of patients undergo curative surgery.Pancreatic resection currently remains the only method of curing patients,and has a 5-year overall survival rate between 7%-34% compared to a median survival of 3-11 mo for unresected cancer.Pancreatic surgery is a technically demanding procedure requiring highly standardized surgical techniques.Nevertheless,even in experienced hands,perioperative morbidity rates(delayed gastric emptying,pancreatic fistula etc.) are as high as 50%.Different strategies to reduce postoperative morbidity,such as different techniques of gastroenteric reconstruction(pancreatico-jejunostomy vs pancreatico-gastrostomy),intraoperative placement of a pancreatic main duct stent or temporary sealing of the main pancreatic duct with fibrin glue have not led to a significant improvement in clinical outcome.The perioperative application of somatostatin or its analogues may decrease the incidence of pancreatic fistulas in cases with soft pancreatic tissue and a small main pancreatic duct(< 3 mm).The positive effects of external pancreatic main duct drainage and antecolic gastrointestinal reconstruction have been observed to decrease the rate of pancreatic fistulas and delayed gastric emptying,respectively.Currently,the concept of extended radical lymphadenectomy has been found to be associated with higher perioperative morbidity,but without any positive impact on overall survival.However,there is growing evidence that portal vein resections can be performed with acceptable low perioperative morbidity and mortality but does not achieve a cure.

Modeling the Cysteine Rich Domain of Plant Metallothionein-like Protein

With the progress of plant genome research, more than 50 plant metallothionein_like (MT_L) genes have been found, but only several MT_L proteins have been detected and no experimental structural information for MT_L proteins has been reported so far. Since detailed knowledge of the protein tertiary structure is required to understand its biological function, a method is needed to determine the structure of these proteins. In this study, the structural data of known mammal MT was used to determine the interatomic distance constraints of the CXC and CXXC motifs and the metal_sulfur chelating cluster. Then several possible MT conformations were predicted using a distance geometry algorithm. The statistical analysis was used to select those with much lower target function values and lower conformation energies as the predicted tertiary structural models of the cysteine_rich (CR) domains of these proteins. A suitable prediction method for modeling the CR domain of the plant MT_L protein was constructed. The accurately predicted result for the known structure of an MT protein from blue crab suggests that this method is practicable. The tertiary structures of CR domains of rape MT_L protein LSC54 was then modeled with this method.

KISS-1 inhibits the proliferation and invasion of gastric carcinoma cells

AIM:To investigate the function of the KISS-1 gene in gastric carcinoma cells and to explore its potential mechanism.METHODS:A KISS-1 eukaryotic expression vector was constructed and transfected into BGC-823 cells.Resistant clones were obtained through G418 selection.reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were used to detect KISS-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9)expression in transfected cells.The growth of transfected cells was investigated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT)proliferation assays,and the cells'invasive potential was analyzed by basement membrane(Matrigel)invasion assays.The anti-tumor effects of KISS-1 were tested in vivo using allografts in nude mice.RESULTS:The expression level of KISS-1 mRNA andprotein in BGC-823/KISS-1 transfected cells were significantly higher than in BGC-823/pcDNA3.1 transfected cells(P<0.05)or the parental BGC-823 cell line(P< 0.05).The expression level of MMP-9 mRNA and protein in BGC-823/KISS-1 were significantly less than in BGC-823/pcDNA3.1(P<0.05)or BGC-823 cells(P< 0.05).MTT growth assays show the proliferation of BGC-823/KISS-1 cells at 48 h(0.642±0.130)and 72 h(0.530±0.164)were significantly reduced compared to BGC-823/pcDNA3.1(0.750±0.163,0.645±0.140)(P<0.05)and BGC-823 cells(0.782±0.137,0.685± 0.111)(P<0.05).Invasion assays indicate the invasive potential of BGC-823/KISS-1 cells(16.50±14.88)is significantly reduced compared to BGC-823/pcDNA3.1(20.22±14.87)(P<0.05)and BGC-823 cells after 24 h(22.12±16.12)(P<0.05).In vivo studies demonstrate the rate of pcDNA3.1-KISS-1 tumor growth is significantly slower than pcDNA3.1 and control cell tumor growth in nude mice.Furthermore,tumor volume of pcDNA3.1-KISS-1 tumors(939.38±82.08 mm3)was significantly less than pcDNA3.1(1250.46±44.36 mm3) and control tumors(1284.36±55.26 mm3)(P<0.05).Moreover,the tumor mass of pcDNA3.1-KISS-1 tumors(0.494±0.84 g)was significantly less than pcDNA3.1(0.668±0.55 g)and control tumors(0.682±0.38 g)(P <0.05).CONCLUSION:KISS-1 may inhibit the proliferation and invasion of gastric carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo through the downregulation of MMP-9.

Modeling of DSBs Generation and Repair Process under Ion Radiation

Under acute perturbations from outside, cell can trigger the self-defense mechanisms in fighting against these genome stresses. To simulate the investigation of the complicated mechanisms of cellular responding DNA damage at single cell level, a model of the double strand breaks (DSBs) generation and repair process is proposed under continuous effect of acute IR. Under different IR dose domains, this model can be used to simulate the complicated interactions among vital components within the cell, and the plausible outcomes of cellular response in fighting against DNA damage.

An Approximated Voxel Approach for the Identification and Modelling of Ligand-Binding Sites

Most protein-ligand interactions take place on surfaces and include but not limited to factors such as chemical composition, hydrophobicity, electronegavitiy and shape complementarity. Past studies showed that protein-protein interactions occur on comparatively fiat regions whereas protein-ligand bindings involve crevices. In the search for such sites various approaches have been designed and developed each of which is algorithmically unique. The use of grid units or voxels has been demonstrated in early studies with relatively good results obtained. We present here an approximated approach comprising of the use of voxels and computer vision methods in the search for ligand-binding areas. Each test protein is modelled and analysed in 2D with all corresponding residues graphically presented for successfully identified sites. The study was carried out on 2 sets of proteins： FK506-bound proteins and heme-bound proteins with promising results obtained for all test cases.

The polymorphism of heat shock protein 70 genes in Chinese Han population in Fujian province

To understand the polymorphism of the heat shock protein 70 （HSPTO） genes in Chinese Han population and to explore the co-relations between HSP70 polymorphism and disease, three polymorphic loci of HSP70 genes in 127 healthy Chinese Han population in Fujian province were analyzed by PCR and restriction enzyme analysis, and the genotypes and allele frequencies of HSPTO in different populations from various area were compared. It was found that the proportions of HSPTO-1 genotypes GG, GC and CC among Chinese Han population in Fujian province were 55.1%, 40.2% and 4.7% respectively, while those of HSP70-2 genotypes AA, AG and GG were 44.1%, 48.8 % and 6.9% respectively, and those of HSP70-hom genotypes TF, TC and CC were 59.8%, 37.0% and 3.2% respectively. The allele frequencies of G and C in HSP70-1 were 75.2% and 24.8% ; those of A and G in HSP70-2 were 68.5% and 31.5% and those ofT and C in HSP70-hom were 78.3% and 21.7% respectively. The distribution of the HSPTO-1 polymorphisms in Chinese Han population was almost the same as those in Japanese and Mexican populations, but it was rather different from those of American and Spanish populations with a significant differences. Meanwhile, the frequency of GG homozygote in HSPTO- 1 was signifi- cantly higher than those in American and Spanish populations. No significant difference was found in the distribution of HSPTO-2 polymorphism between Chinese and Japanese populations, in which the differences among American, Mexican and Spanish populations were quite obvious. The frequency of AA homozygote in HSPTO-2 was significantly higher than those in Mexican, American and Spanish populations, while, the distribution of HSPTO-hom genotype and allele frequency in Chinese Han population was almost just the same as those in Japanese and Mexican populations. Furthermore, it was also found that the genotype distribution and allele frequencies of the HSPTO genes in Han population of Fujian province were almost the same as those in Han population in Taiwan, but they were different in certain loci from those of Han population in Wuhan area. It is evident that the distribution of HSPTO gene polymorphisms among Chinese Han population are different from other regions in the world.

The Arabidopsis AS2 Gene Encoding a Predicted Leucine-zipper Protein Is Required for the Leaf Polarity Formation

The asymmetric leaves2 ( as2) is a classical Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. mutant that shows leaf lobes and leaflet-like structures from the petioles of leaves. Genetic and molecular analyses have demonstrated that the AS2 function is required for repression of meristem-related homeobox genes in leaves. In this study, we describe phenotypic characterizations of new as2 alleles that are in the Landsberg erecta (Ler) genetic background. In addition to the as2 phenotypes reported previously, the new as2 mutants have some leaves with petiole growth underneath the leaf blade, showing a lotus-leaf structure. More severe rosettes leaves of the as2 mutants form a filament-like structure, reflecting a loss of the adaxial-abaxial polarity in leaves. Among as2 mutants analyzed in different genetic backgrounds, only those that are in the Ler genetic background resulted in a high frequency of the lotus-leaf structure. We have isolated the AS2 gene by map-based gene cloning. The predicted AS2 protein contains a leucine-zipper motif, and its N-terminus shares high levels of sequence similarity to those of a group of predicted proteins with no known biological functions. AS2 transcripts were detected in leaves, flowers and fruits, but absent in stems, consistent with the mutant phenotypes.

SCREENING OF AGGLUTININS IN MARINE ALGAE FROM FUJIAN COAST OF CHINA

Thirty three species of marine algae belonging to Rhodophyta, Phaeophyta and Chlorophyta from the Fujian coast were examined for agglutinins with different animal and human erythrocytes. Protein extracts from 26 species were active against at least one type of the erythrocytes tested. There were 3 species ( Grateloupia imbricata, Ishige foliacea and Entermorpha prolifera ) whose extracts could agglutinate all the erythrocytes used. The lowest protein concentration required to produce erythrocyte agglutination varied remarkably, from 3.1 μg/ml to 500 μg/ml . The strongest activity was found in the agglutination of rabbit erythrocytes by Gloiopeltis furcata extract. Inhibition assays performed with nine mono and bisaccharides indicated that agglutinations of rabbit erythrocytes by extracts of 7 species were inhibited by one or more types of the sugars assayed. The agglutinating activity shown by extracts of most species was not affected when the test solution was heated to 90℃, but was lost at 95℃-100℃. A few extracts lost their activity at 60℃, 65℃ and 75 ℃, respectively.

Construction of normal human IgE phage antibody library and the screening of the anti-trichosanthin IgE

Allergen specific IgE response is the major cause of immediate hypersensitivity. However the number of IgEproducing B cells and the amount of IgE, especially the specific IgE, are so low, it greatly impedes the study of the allergic-specifc antibody responses. Here we report the construction of a normal human IgE combinatorial library The repertoire of IgE VH genes and of K genes were separately amplified from normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes through RT-PCR, and were then constructed to form the phage surface display human Fab(IgEVH) library. A plant protein allergen, trichosanthin(TCS), was used to affinity-enrich and to screen the anti-TCS phage HuFab clones from the library. Human IgE(Fab) to TCS were detected.

醉瓷

出发前,我并不了解德化,粗粗地翻了翻邀请方寄来的一份当地的小报,大致知道德化是个县,位于福建省著名侨乡泉州市的北部,以'瓷'闻名天下,是中国古代重要的瓷业生产区和外销瓷的重要产地之一,曾与江西景德镇、湖南醴陵并称中国三大古瓷都,是我国南方历史悠久、工艺独特的名窑之一。

A histological and biomechanical study of bone stress and bone remodeling around immediately loaded implants

Immediate loading(IL)increases the risk of marginal bone loss.The present study investigated the biomechanical response of peri-implant bone in rabbits after IL,aiming at optimizing load management.Ninety-six implants were installed bilaterally into femurs of 48 rabbits.Test implants on the left side created the maximal initial stress of 6.9 and 13.4 MPa in peri-implant bone and unloaded implants on the contralateral side were controls.Bone morphology and bone-implant interface strength were measured with histological examination and push-out testing during a 12-week observation period.Additionally,the animal data were incorporated into finite element(FE)models to calculate the bone stress distribution at different levels of osseointegration.Results showed that the stress was concentrated in the bone margin and the bone stress gradually decreased as osseointegration proceeded.A stress of about 2.0 MPa in peri-implant bone had a positive effect on new bone formation,osseointegration and bone-implant interface strength.Bone loss was observed in some specimens with stress exceeding 4.0 MPa.Data indicate that IL significantly increases bone stress during the early postoperative period,but the load-bearing capacity of peri-implant bone increases rapidly with an increase of bone-implant contact.Favorable bone responses may be continually promoted when the stress in peri-implant bone is maintained at a definite level.Accordingly,the progressive loading mode is recommended for IL implants.