Environmental design is concerned with the function of people within an environment and their interactions. Subway stations spaces are important examples of public spaces that are in close connection with the social l...Environmental design is concerned with the function of people within an environment and their interactions. Subway stations spaces are important examples of public spaces that are in close connection with the social life of people. Also, the fact that the social interactions and relations between people and city environments are becoming indispensable for subway station space indicates that these spaces play an essential role in urban life. This paper addresses the result of a study conducted by the authors on the influential elements pivotal to the improvement of social interactions in subway stations. The theory of John Lang in Urban design with consideration of social interaction was considered in this study. The objective of the study was to identify the architectural requirements in improving social interaction between people and environment in subway station spaces according to an evidence based design approach. To do so, relevant literature in different disciplines, architecture, urban design, social sustainability and so on, were reviewed Next, the most important environmental factors which contribute to human behavior in public spaces were derived and analyzed. Data of the study were collected via questionnaires filled out by the users of Tehran＇s subway stations. The collected data were analyzed and the architectural elements/requirements for improving social interactions were classified. The results of the study indicate that in the case of architectural requirements, contribution to the improvement of social interactions, design considerations for physical and mental safety, accessibility and lighting are the most important factors.展开更多
After a long period without new NPPs （nuclear power plants） being designed or constructed in Europe, new build projects have been prepared, planned and are now under construction. The majority of these projects invo...After a long period without new NPPs （nuclear power plants） being designed or constructed in Europe, new build projects have been prepared, planned and are now under construction. The majority of these projects involve a new design with an enhanced level of safety, called GEN （Generation） III＋. Although the serious events at the Japanese Fukushima Daiichi NPP caused by a tsunami led to a reduction in the number of new projects or even a phase out of nuclear power in some countries, only a slight reduction or delay of projects is expected globally. GEN III＋ new build projects give rise to several economical, technical, human resource and organizational challenges. The paper starts with a discussion of these challenges and presents several activities that have been started to deal with them. It focuses on the development of human resources, coordinated approach of operators and suppliers can lead to the needs-oriented human resources development. particularly with operators and suppliers of GEN III＋ NPPs. Only a successful execution of these projects. The focus must be on the展开更多
文摘Environmental design is concerned with the function of people within an environment and their interactions. Subway stations spaces are important examples of public spaces that are in close connection with the social life of people. Also, the fact that the social interactions and relations between people and city environments are becoming indispensable for subway station space indicates that these spaces play an essential role in urban life. This paper addresses the result of a study conducted by the authors on the influential elements pivotal to the improvement of social interactions in subway stations. The theory of John Lang in Urban design with consideration of social interaction was considered in this study. The objective of the study was to identify the architectural requirements in improving social interaction between people and environment in subway station spaces according to an evidence based design approach. To do so, relevant literature in different disciplines, architecture, urban design, social sustainability and so on, were reviewed Next, the most important environmental factors which contribute to human behavior in public spaces were derived and analyzed. Data of the study were collected via questionnaires filled out by the users of Tehran＇s subway stations. The collected data were analyzed and the architectural elements/requirements for improving social interactions were classified. The results of the study indicate that in the case of architectural requirements, contribution to the improvement of social interactions, design considerations for physical and mental safety, accessibility and lighting are the most important factors.
文摘After a long period without new NPPs （nuclear power plants） being designed or constructed in Europe, new build projects have been prepared, planned and are now under construction. The majority of these projects involve a new design with an enhanced level of safety, called GEN （Generation） III＋. Although the serious events at the Japanese Fukushima Daiichi NPP caused by a tsunami led to a reduction in the number of new projects or even a phase out of nuclear power in some countries, only a slight reduction or delay of projects is expected globally. GEN III＋ new build projects give rise to several economical, technical, human resource and organizational challenges. The paper starts with a discussion of these challenges and presents several activities that have been started to deal with them. It focuses on the development of human resources, coordinated approach of operators and suppliers can lead to the needs-oriented human resources development. particularly with operators and suppliers of GEN III＋ NPPs. Only a successful execution of these projects. The focus must be on the
