谁的乡村建设?——基于乡村建筑变迁的观察和思考

在全面推进乡村振兴的大背景下,乡村建设正如火如荼地开展。其中,乡村建设中农民房屋建筑类型从特质性的"匠心独具"到同质性的"千村一面",再到异化性的"自厝同异"变迁路径,反映出传统文化的保护危机,也深刻揭示出建筑变迁背后暗藏的农民与地方政府间的多元矛盾和博弈。此问题的根源在于农民主体性被消解,成了被建构的对象或客体,而地方政府却不断强化构建主体的身份认同。事实上,当前乡村建设呈现出五种不同的价值取向:一是为城市消费者休闲情趣的乡村建设;二是为城市中产阶级家乡情感的乡村建设;三是为地方政府凸显政绩的乡村建设;四是为开发商投资回报的乡村建设;五是为农民生存利益的乡村建设。不同参与者均带着不同的利益诉求介入乡村建设,直接影响到乡村建设的发展走向。因此,要处理乡村建设中的矛盾和问题,必须强化农民在乡村建设中的主体意识和主体身份,赋予农民对乡村建设事务的话语权与决定权。

清雍正朝至今紫禁城建筑变迁的可视化尝试

对紫禁城建筑变迁的研究是紫禁城研究的热点。但相关图像成果往往较为简略,以示意总图或平面图为多。部分较详细的研究也局限在具体宫院,较难反应整体的格局变化。本文整合了当前较新的研究成果和资料,以三维数字模型,复原了紫禁城从清雍正朝至今总体格局的变迁过程,并对一些前人研究未涉及或尚不清晰的区域,提出了自己的复原观点。

台湾传统建筑的基型与衍化现象(1661年至1949年)

传统建筑史学领域中，常以时间轴作为重要参考坐标进行排比研究，这种方法适用于相对稳定的社会，在动态变迁的移民社会中，并不能作出合理的解释．本文援引社会学中研究社会变迁的方法，探讨台湾在１６６１年至１９４９年间移民社会与建筑的互动关系，并配合建筑观察指标建立“基型与衍化模型”，澄清了台湾传统建筑的变迁谱系．研究中发现移民社会文化变迁的特质在于相对开放、短时间及多样性的刺激、随时且随机投入变数等几项要件．社会变迁理论中的基线、指标、前后期比对等方式，可以转换并建立研究模型，但必须注意配合不同移民社会时空上的个别差异，建立合适的观察指标，才能确切掌握建筑变迁的脉动．

哈尼族传统村落的生态文化研究

哈尼族的村落分布在海拔1 400~1 800 m的等高线上,在滇南哀牢山区此地带为半山腰,村落的自然景观、建筑结构有其独特的形态样貌。文章把哈尼族村落民居分为土掌房、蘑菇房、瓦房、干栏房等4种类型,从建筑渊源来看,土掌房和蘑菇房脱胎于氐羌族群平碉式的古建筑,瓦房是蘑菇房吸纳汉族庭院式建筑的变体,干栏房是哈尼族对百越族群建筑形式的直接吸纳,其结构特点都体现了对环境的适应性。

以梵罗山巷30号民居为例谈赣东部近现代民居

介绍了抚州市梵罗山巷30号民居建筑概况及周边环境条件,根据该建筑的建造年代与历史背景,分析了建筑形态和平立面造型特点,提出了建筑变迁过程中的保护策略。

Changes and Innovation of Dutch Building Regulation and Control： An Ongoing Debate

Dutch building regulation is under construction. After the report of the commission ＂Fundamentele Verkenning Bouw＂ in 2008, several studies have been done on the principals that the commission outlined in its report. Local authorities and parties in construction were invited to start experiments with a more privatized system of building control. But this faced a lack of participation, partly due to the impact of the crisis. The minister responsible for housing and construction invited in 2011 a ＂Bouwteam＂ to develop an agenda for action for construction. In 2012, 17 action teams started to focus, speed up and simplify the planning and development of construction. Recently, the two teams related to building regulation presented their plans. The first was a roadmap towards private building control, the second, a proposal for an independent body to answer questions on constructions plans that do intrinsically but not legally meet the standards of building regulation. There is considerable controversy regarding the way that this implementation team is paving its path towards private building control. While the minister for housing conformed himself to a subsidized private implementing team, the Dutch Parliament has expressed its own priorities for regulation： insured guarantee to protect users and owners, a role for local authorities regarding safety and acceptance of buildings and simplification of building regulation and control for simple construction works. The parliament held a round-table conference to get informed about private building control. Recently, a proposal by the minister for housing was discussed. Further debate will be needed to decide about the next steps in innovation building regulation, which will take place in the upcoming months. ERB/RIGO （Foundation Expert Centre Regulations in Building/Research Institute for Real Estate） have developed own proposals for the public-private relation regarding development and construction of buildings. They expect that their proposals might be of help. The proposals are laid down in several publications and partly realized in experimental development of ＂to be approved＂ technical solutions. This paper reflects on the differences between their proposals and these of the roadmap, on the possible outcome of the ongoing debate and its implications, legal and technical, on building regulation and on legal and contractual liability. This paper tries to give an inside view on the development of regulation and the pros and cons of the proposals, starting from a theoretical outline of building regulation.

马克思主义批判视阈下的社会主义数字文化研究

数字技术的资本主义应用催生了数字资本主义。为了巩固数字资本霸权,数字资本主义竭力塑造一种与其生产方式相匹配的数字文化,而资本主义生产方式的不可持续性决定了这种数字文化也不可避免地陷入困境,社会主义数字文化正是在突破这一困境的基础上应运而生的。文章回顾了马克思主义经典作家的文化批判思想史,从意识形态蜕化、技术应用异化和社会再生产虚化三个层面对资本主义数字文化的幻象进行了反思,在此基础上,为社会主义数字文化的生成勾勒了一个唯物史观的分析框架,认为要从社会主义经济土壤中探寻社会主义数字文化生成的逻辑主线。文章的现实指向是:基于所有制、分配制和技术应用角度,探索构建人民共有、人民共享和人民共治的社会主义数字文化。这是中国式现代化在文化领域的深刻体现,也是中华民族现代文明建设在数字时代的必然要求。