建筑法制现代性的呼唤

建筑法制体系,是建筑制度体系的重要组成部分,也是建设活动中涉及的各方,如建筑师、业主、主管官员必须遵守的法律法规,它是建筑制度是否具有现代化的直接体现。法制体系现代化建设的长期缺位或与其他体系的脱节,将会造成建设活动中经济的、文化的乃至政治上的巨大损失。现代建筑传入中国已百年有余,特别是改革开放至今,建筑技术、建筑功能和建筑思想现代性体系,大体已经形成。然而,我们却远远没有完成可以规范业主、官员和建筑师行为的建筑法制体系的现代化,依然停留在"人治"的环境中。建立现代性的"建筑师法"或相关法律,不但是完成建筑制度现代化的基础,也是解决当期建筑乱象的保证。

中国古代建筑责任法论略:刑律和官规的表达

中华法系特有的礼法原理使我国古代立法集中于刑律和官规,古代建筑责任的立法亦然。这种立法模式使我国古代建筑责任的立法偏重于治官的设计,官员监管责任和经济责任成为官法规制的重心。即使是零星规定的侵权违制责任,也体现出强烈的官家色彩。因此,有关建筑者的责任反而成为官法中容易疏忽的问题。

近现代西方城市化进程的动因、作用机制及其他

通过论述西方诸国近现代城市化过程的差异，展现不同地域、不同历史阶段城市发展的特点，从而揭示了城市化进程的作用机制与一般规律，指出高质量的城市文化的建立需要加强科技与法制的双重建设。

Optimization of time-delayed feedback control of seismically excited building structures

An optimization method for time-delayed feedback control of partially observable linear building structures subjected to seismic excitation is proposed. A time-delayed control problem of partially observable linear building structure under horizontal ground acceleration excitation is formulated and converted into that of completely observable linear structure by using separation principle. The time-delayed control forces are approximately expressed in terms of control forces without time delay. The control system is then governed by Itoe stochastic differential equations for the conditional means of system states and then transformed into those for the conditional means of modal energies by using the stochastic averaging method for quasi-Hamiltonian systems. The control law is assumed to be modal velocity feedback control with time delay and the unknown control gains are determined by the modal performance indices. A three-storey building structure is taken as example to illustrate the proposal method and the numerical results are confirmed by using Monte Carlo simulation.

Changes and Innovation of Dutch Building Regulation and Control： An Ongoing Debate

Dutch building regulation is under construction. After the report of the commission ＂Fundamentele Verkenning Bouw＂ in 2008, several studies have been done on the principals that the commission outlined in its report. Local authorities and parties in construction were invited to start experiments with a more privatized system of building control. But this faced a lack of participation, partly due to the impact of the crisis. The minister responsible for housing and construction invited in 2011 a ＂Bouwteam＂ to develop an agenda for action for construction. In 2012, 17 action teams started to focus, speed up and simplify the planning and development of construction. Recently, the two teams related to building regulation presented their plans. The first was a roadmap towards private building control, the second, a proposal for an independent body to answer questions on constructions plans that do intrinsically but not legally meet the standards of building regulation. There is considerable controversy regarding the way that this implementation team is paving its path towards private building control. While the minister for housing conformed himself to a subsidized private implementing team, the Dutch Parliament has expressed its own priorities for regulation： insured guarantee to protect users and owners, a role for local authorities regarding safety and acceptance of buildings and simplification of building regulation and control for simple construction works. The parliament held a round-table conference to get informed about private building control. Recently, a proposal by the minister for housing was discussed. Further debate will be needed to decide about the next steps in innovation building regulation, which will take place in the upcoming months. ERB/RIGO （Foundation Expert Centre Regulations in Building/Research Institute for Real Estate） have developed own proposals for the public-private relation regarding development and construction of buildings. They expect that their proposals might be of help. The proposals are laid down in several publications and partly realized in experimental development of ＂to be approved＂ technical solutions. This paper reflects on the differences between their proposals and these of the roadmap, on the possible outcome of the ongoing debate and its implications, legal and technical, on building regulation and on legal and contractual liability. This paper tries to give an inside view on the development of regulation and the pros and cons of the proposals, starting from a theoretical outline of building regulation.

Design and Management of Building＇s Resources

The developed modem control systems and buildings management resource systems would be effective if they are based on previously established optimal conditions during the building design. This is one of the key issues for a responsible architecture. The focus of this paper is on sustainable design methods and techniques for saving resources and their management throughout the building lifecycle. The main subject of the present article is the characteristics of these methods and their fundamental role in sustainable resource management during the building operation. The results which are based on conducted case studies of European and international practice in the construction of sustainable buildings are implemented here. Key features of a comprehensive approach for design and construction are outlined via comparative analysis, as well as various systems for the evaluation of sustainability for already constructed buildings. The mostly used criteria and indicators for sustainability are systematized, including those related to resource consumption. By analyzing a specific example, the role of sustainable design methods is justified as an important prerequisite for effective management of building resources in the process building maintenance. According to the conducted studies, during the longest life cycle period of a building, by implementation of control systems and resource management of building, the costs are successfully optimized. Specific directions that prove the effectiveness of such systems are systematized in the paper. Innovative approaches, complex methods and measures for design and management of buildings resources are presented as results of this study.

A Need to Innovate the Dutch Building Regulation

In 2008, two governmental committees presented their conclusions on strengthening the role of the private building sector in building control. In 2011, three new studies were commissioned by the government to address perceived problems. One of them was an integral study, executed by ERB （Foundation Expertcentre Regulations in Building）, RIGO （Research Institute for Real Estate） and TNO （Research Institute for Applied Technologies）, to innovate the whole building regulations system. It led to proposals to redefine responsibility and liability for all parties. This study states that by an effort of yearly ￡100 million, unnecessary costs up to ￡l billion can be avoided and a real quality push will take place in the building and real estate markets. The goals to reach are to minimize the administrative burden for the building owner and to enforce the construction industry to build conforming to the regulations. This paper discusses the ERB study and the given proposals. The ERB study demonstrated that a quality push is needed which potential will lead to less costs for building owners. It also shows that proven solutions, part of the regulations, might be of help for all parties involved.

Numerical verification of geometry control method of the construction for super-span cable-stayed bridge

Taking Sutong Bridge as the object investigated, the correctness of the geometry control method is verified by numerical simulation analysis. Taking the impact of geometric nonlinearity into account, the impacts of structural geo- metric profile induced by temporary loads and temperature field during the construction procedure are investigated. The simulation results indicate that only the stage state of the structure during construction is affected. Satisfied outcome of construction control can be achieved based on ~eometrv control method.