汲古融今——建筑设计学科形式语言课程的更新与重构

形式语言课程是建筑设计专业一门前置性的设计基础课程,主要训练学生的抽象造型能力,在整个设计教学中有着举足轻重的作用。文章针对建筑设计学科构成课程的现状,结合中国美术学院建筑设计专业造型几何课程的探索实践,循着当今建筑设计领域的发展趋势,强调汲古融今,在学习继承西方设计基础教学传统的同时,提出了基于设计语言研究的教学新模式,通过理论和实践并重的教学探索,为设计基础课程的更新与重构开辟新路径。

北京在2050 一个中国建筑师的生态化畅想

这是一幅2007年北京 CBD正在建设的场景(见右图),设计高度为330米的北京第一高楼——国贸三期大楼正在修建之中,在它的东北方向则是230米高的中央电视台新址。

建筑“组构”理论的前世今生(下)——坂本一成等著《建筑构成学——建筑设计的方法》的历史语境与当代意义

以“组构”作为切入点,将坂本一成及其合作者的《建筑构成学——建筑设计的方法》置于后维特鲁威时代建筑“组构”理论的历史语境中进行理解,提出该书不仅是“组构”理论的最新发展,而且也是坂本一成“日常的诗学”的重要组成部分;进一步指出,在当下建筑实践越发热衷“非组构”性的“强形式”再分的情况下,该书的意义恰恰在于它提供了一条基于“组构”的“弱形式”建筑之路。

建筑“组构”理论的前世今生(上)——坂本一成等著《建筑构成学——建筑设计的方法》的历史语境与当代意义

以"组构"作为切入点,将坂本一成及其合作者的《建筑构成学—建筑设计的方法》置于后维特鲁威时代建筑"组构"理论的历史语境中进行理解,提出该书不仅是"组构"理论的最新发展,而且也是坂本一成"日常的诗学"的重要组成部分;进一步指出,在当下建筑实践越发热衷"非组构"性的"强形式"再分的情况下,该书的意义恰恰在于它提供了一条基于"组构"的"弱形式"建筑之路。

连云港市举办第八届国际城市建筑设计竞赛

11月23日上午,第八届WAW国际城市建筑设计竞赛在连云港市举行。WAW执行主席、日本东北大学城市建筑设计学院院长石田寿一教授,连云港市政府徐一平市长。

Vertical bearing capacity of pile based on load transfer model

The load transfer analytical method is applied to study the bearing mechanism of piles with vertical load in this paper. According to the different hardening rules of soil or rock around the pile shaft, such as work-softening, ideal elasto-plastic and work-hardening, a universal tri-linear load transfer model is suggested for the development of side and tip resistance by various types of soil (rock) with the consideration of sediment at the bottom of the pile. Based on the model, a formula is derived for the relationship between the settlement and load on the pile top to determine the vertical bearing capacity, taking into account such factors as the characteristics of the stratum, the side resistance along the shaft, and tip resistance under the pile tip. A close agreement of the calculated results with the measured data from a field test pile lends confidence to the future application of the present approach in engineering practice.

Design and research of gymnasium structure in Zhejiang University

This paper deals with the issues involved during the design of a complex gymnasium located at the new campus of Zhejiang University. The complexity comes from the gymnasium’s being of three parts: long-span membrane structure, prestressed concrete structure and extraordinarily long tubular steel structure without seams. The paper first presents considera- tions of the prestress design, followed by analyses of the stress states due to temperature changes and concrete shrinkage. Buckling and postbuckling analyses were performed to determine the load-carrying capacity of the perfect and imperfect tubular steel structure of the inclined arch system, while dynamic relaxation method and general nonlinear finite element analysis were used to carry out shape-finding and stress analyses of the membrane structure respectively. Finally, collated monitoring date was applied to control the construction quality and verify the design parameters. Some useful conclusions are available at the end of the paper.

Hydraulic conductivity of GCLs in MSW landfills

The state of the art of the study on the hydraulic conductivity of GCLs is presented in terms of the influence of the effective stress,chemical interactions,freeze-thaw cycles and temperature gradients.The changes of void ratio caused by changes of effective stress have a direct linear effect on the hydraulic conductivity,regardless of the cation concentration or the thickness of the adsorbed layer.The hydraulic conductivity is related to the relative abundance of monovalent and divalent cation(RMD),and RMD has a great effect on the hydraulic conductivity in weak solution.The long-term susceptibility of GCLs to increased hydraulic conductivity as a response to repeated freeze-thaw cycling is minimal,which has been proved after 150 freeze-thaw cycles.The potential of desiccation cracking increases with the increasing temperature gradient and is related to the initial subsoil water content,the applied overburden stress,etc.

Sustainable Construction --An International Comparison of Civil Engineering Students

Sustainable construction in the future will be influenced significantly by the beliefs and actions of civil engineering students studying at university today. A comparative investigation of the appreciation and attitudes regarding sustainable construction of civil engineering students at The NUCE （National University of Civil Engineering） in Vietnam, and the Universities of Loughborough and Liverpool in the UK were therefore conducted. Results indicate that students at all three universities appreciate the importance of the development of sustainable construction and have positive attitudes with regards to sustainability. Construction design and appropriate use of materials were two issues generally considered the most important with regards to sustainability, but were also thought to be adequately covered on the courses in all three institutions.

Architectural Teaching and Design Computing： A Didactic Experience in a Brazilian Architecture Course

In the last years, architectural practice has been confronted with a paradigm shift towards the application of digital methods in design activities. In this regard, it is a pedagogic challenge to provide a suitable computational background for architectural students, to improve their ability to apply algorithmic-parametric logic, as well as fabrication and prototyping resources to design problem solving. This challenge is even stronger when considering less favored social and technological contexts, such as in Brazil, for example. In this scenario, this article presents and discusses the procedures and the results from a didactic experience carried out in a design computing-oriented discipline, inserted in the curriculum of a Brazilian architecture course. Hence, this paper shares some design computing teaching experiences and presents some results on computational methods and creative approaches, with a view to contribute to a better understanding about the relations between logical thinking, mathematics and architectural design processes.

Assessment in Architectural Design Education Case Study： First-Year Students at Pharos University

Effective assessment is inseparable from good teaching and learning. Just as a good tutor would practice different techniques of teaching, an assessor would usually use different strategies of assessment. Moreover, the different activities of assessment, such as teaching, are additionally executed at various times during the semester, thus, we can know in which way the student is learning. An assessment strategy lays out a well thoroughly considered choice of assessment methods that are aligned with the aims and learning outcomes. Because align the assessment with a specific kind of learning outcome, the tutor needs to choose a suitable technique of assessment. This paper draws upon a case study of the first year architectural design at Pharos University as another way to deal with realizing ＂how to design your assessment plan＂. Throughout the form of criteria based assessment, assessment can help to review the students and instructors feeling and reactions. Finally, we can learn to assist towards enhancing student learning through assessment. So, we can attract the consideration regarding the advantages of reviewing current assessment practices, and of accepting different ways to deal with assessment methods, in this manner profiting together student and tutor.

Teaching Sustainability in Design without Greenwashing

Teaching design incorporating a sense of sustainability to architecture students is a challenge today, primarily because of the trend to label every design as sustainable or green even though it is no different from a more traditional one. The result is a ＂green-washed＂ education in architecture. To address this issue, this paper describes a teaching methodology of architectural design with a special focus on sustainability implemented in the Graduate School of Architecture in Clemson. This method includes an analysis of the location, the climate conditions, the materials needed and the construction process. Knowing that sustainable design is generally perceived as being expensive, there is a special focus on simplicity and affordability. Rather than relying on expensive technical solutions, students are encouraged to design for the given environment and apply passive strategies. In the approach discussed in this paper, the design process is a number of logical scientific decisions rather than an intuitive draft. The goal of this pedagogy is to raise awareness about how to handle global resources carefully and to show the importance of the later performance of the project as a key to design. The teaching strategy is described here along with the successful participation by our graduate students in a number of refereed competitions.

3D building modeling： A critical investigation practice to learning, analyzing and deconstruting architecture

The research deal with the reconstruction through digital 3D CAAD （Computer Aided Architectural Design） modeling of masterpieces of modem and contemporary architecture. The charm of reconstruction through digital modeling is far less than that of work done on traditional maquette, indeed, makes much deeper level of detail and specificity from knowing. We had to know many technical characteristics of the buildings beyond size, like static-structural features, physical features, economic features and others. In this way＇ the model become real-simulation, a simulated architectural model in all aspects. In addition to these aspects we deeply analyze also the formal, morphological, historical and architectural aspects. The idea is to revitalize and re-discover the logics and the rules of the projected constructions that the designer architect have invented for each masterpiece of architecture, through the comprehension of how is done. The proportional analysis of the modularity on which the design is based is mandatory subject of investigation.

A Method to Improve First Order Approximation of Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics

Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is a useful meshless method.The first and second orders are the most popular derivatives of the field function in the mechanical governing equations.New methods were proposed to improve accuracy of SPH approximation by the lemma proved.The lemma describes the relationship of functions and their SPH approximation.Finally,the error comparison of SPH method with or without our improvement was carried out.

The Industrial Heritage and the New Architecture： Teaching, Researching, Designing the Place Identity

The new architecture may provide unusual opportunities for the abandoned areas involved by former industrial processes, both in the city centers and in the landscape. In fact, it may create new centralities and give new collective function for deprived areas. The case study of the architectural and educational project for a new museum park devoted to the technique and the science in the Apennine＇ s landscape near Parma （Italy） may give an interesting point of view about the role of the teaching and the research of the architecture in the former industrial heritage, and to avoid the abandonment and the pauperization of the territory around.

The Arckitbuilding Bricks as a Didactic Tool for Experimentation in Architectural Design： Possibilities and Limitations

This article deals with the usage of building bricks as a didactic material for the development of architectural design. The building brick game chosen for analysis was the Arckit, since it is suitable for the architectural practice. It is estimated that this game can contribute to the design, representation and presentation of projects. In order to investigate in which aspects Arckit presents possibilities of applications, as well as limitations of use, the article approaches the importance of building bricks as a didactic tool and its use in the field of the architectural design process. From a literature review and an empirical experience, this article reports a qualitative research, where the applicability of the Arckit game was checked. Through a critical reflection based on that experience, it was possible to conclude that whereas its limitations to urban form and linked to the formal vocabulary that composes the grammar of these bricks, the Arckit building bricks represent in architecture a playful and experimental way to think and design, fomenting the creativity and the spatial perception, resulting in a particular experience that can make architecture better connected with dreams and joy.

Developing Computer-Based Design Approach to Foster the Architectural Skills of Undergraduate Students in Design Studios

The paper discusses the importance of computer as a supporting approach in architecture. This approach is expected to foster the students＇ design skills in design studios. The approach is an educational tool for tutors that could guide the students and increase their creativity in their design. It considers the concepts and the practice of digital architectural design that influence architectural education. The approach is a catalyst for creativity, experimentation, critical thinking and the sustained growth of creative communities. The core of design studio is the notions, methods and skills of digital architectural design. The instruments used for this research was an investigation that made for the work of the fourth year students designs at the architectural department at University of Jordan, by testing design process and product of students＇ work： first using manual skills, and then using computer-aided programs. The results revealed that the computer-based design approach was able to foster students＇ design skills as well as to develop their creativity in design. Ninety-one percent of 44 students were found improved in design process using computer-based approach that depends on computer programs. This was done in design studio by improving students＇ way of thinking, developing their abilities to direct their own learning and pushing them for new definitions in developing their future work.

Research of CBR, DM and smart algorithms based design methods for high-rise building structure form-selection

First, the high-rise building structure design process is divided into three relevant steps, that is, scheme generation and creation, performance evaluation, and scheme optimization. Then with the application of relational database, the case database of high-rise structures is constructed, the structure form-selection designing methods such as the smart algorithm based on CBR, DM, FINS, NN and GA is presented, and the original forms system of this method and its general structure are given. CBR and DM are used to generate scheme candidates; FINS and NN to evaluate and optimize the scheme performance; GA to create new structure forms. Finally, the application cases are presented, whose results fit in with the real project. It proves by combining and using the expert intelligence, algorithm intelligence and machine intelligence that this method makes good use of not only the engineering project knowledge and expertise but also much deeper knowledge contained in various engineering cases. In other words, it is because the form selection has a strong background support of vast real cases that its results prove more reliable and more acceptable. So the introduction of this method provides an effective approach to improving the quality, efficiency, automatic and smart level of high-rise structures form selection design.

Place, Architecture Design and Thermal Comfort： A Municipal Day Care Childhood Center in Col6nia Z3, Pelotas/RS, Brazil

This article reports the discussion about the multiple relations between architectural design and ＂place＂ using two different approaches in order to characterize the interfaces of design challenges. The first is qualitative, highlighting the lack of dialogue between the standard-project architecture, the guidelines recommended by the COEDI （Coordenagao Geral de Educao Infantil （General Coordination of Early Childhood Education）） of the Ministry of Education, socio-technical and cultural-environmental context and pedagogy. The second, more quantitative, addresses the problems generated by dissociation between the constructive solutions and the bioclimatic demands of different insertion contexts of architectural design in the Brazilian Bioclimatic Zone 2. Initially planned to use a conventional building system, it was transposed to the Wall System, developed by MVC Componentes Pl^tsticos Ltda. The simulation evaluates and compares the level of thermal comfort of the building with two envelope systems. The study reports the analysis of the thermal comfort of a Type C unit, based on thermodynamic simulation, through the software Design Builder （version 4.2.0.054）. The analysis of the building simulation results was based on the adaptive comfort model ASHRAE 55/2010. Later, three optimization measures of the thermal comfort level of the building were tested, based on thermal insulation and absorptance coverage, in addition to sun protection system design for the window frames. Preliminary results for the level of comfort of long permanence environments indicate a tow level of thermal comfort, the 50% in MVC system and around 60% in the conventional system, and also that the greater discomfort comes from the heat. Based on performance optimization measures of building, the MVC system reached 66.4% of thermal comfort compared to 62% in the conventional system. The results show the importance of adapting the standard project to the local climatic context.

Unfolding Evolution Strategically in Integrated Studios of Building and Design to Innovative Grasp of Design Creativity

In emergence of design, it is undoubted to be informed from nature for how things get done. But in architecture, the students are not used to start up with biological investigation. Instead of analogues, it is permitted to pursue an evolvability systematics for built emerge. The systematics relies upon the key assumptions of Kirschner who sought the characteristics of biological evolution. For an integrated design thinking of an architectural mind, this is a methodological study, which strategically adapts living forms＇ evolvability capacity to built-forms＇ structural emergence. The study outlines the evolution strategy with experimental studios of building and design. The preceding systematic is taught in distinguished courses. It is purposed to build an easy-to-apply framework for how to generate novel structures and how the spatial structure units are organized to emerge with an imagined nature as novel tectonic model. Besides, building up structural thinking into the consilience of evolution strategy, the study is also distinguished for understanding the value system of architectural mind to diagnose the genuine character of inventive built form. Strategy constructs processes. Thinking strategy concludes by the evolvability directives of studio assignments and they are given as flow-charts and project models.