Materials-development projects for advanced ultra-supercritical(A-USC) power plants with steam temperatures of 700℃ and above have been performed in order to achieve high efficiency and low CO_2 emissions in Europe, ...Materials-development projects for advanced ultra-supercritical(A-USC) power plants with steam temperatures of 700℃ and above have been performed in order to achieve high efficiency and low CO_2 emissions in Europe, the US, Japan, and recently in China and India as well. These projects involve the replacement of martensitic 9%–12% Cr steels with nickel(Ni)-base alloys for the highest temperature boiler and turbine components in order to provide sufficient creep strength at 700℃ and above. To minimize the requirement for expensive Ni-base alloys, martensitic 9%–12% Cr steels can be applied to the next highest temperature components of an A-USC power plant, up to a maximum of 650℃. This paper comprehensively describes the research and development of Ni-base alloys and martensitic 9%–12% Cr steels for thick section boiler and turbine components of A-USC power plants, mainly focusing on the long-term creep-rupture strength of base metal and welded joints, strength loss in welded joints, creep-fatigue properties, and microstructure evolution during exposure at elevated temperatures.展开更多
The mountainous region of Fthia, identified with the Valley of Sperchios River, in Central Greece, is rich in small watercourses and generously blessed with water and abundant water falls. The geographical configurati...The mountainous region of Fthia, identified with the Valley of Sperchios River, in Central Greece, is rich in small watercourses and generously blessed with water and abundant water falls. The geographical configuration of Olympus and Fthia＇s mounts and the hydraulic singularities of drained lakes Askouris in Olympus, favour the installation of series of sustainable small hydroelectric plants. The present action consists of a serious effort towards the systematic sustainable small hydropower exploitation of Fthia＇s and Olympus hydraulic potential, including the Archimedean hydropower perspectives of Sperchios River.展开更多
文摘Materials-development projects for advanced ultra-supercritical(A-USC) power plants with steam temperatures of 700℃ and above have been performed in order to achieve high efficiency and low CO_2 emissions in Europe, the US, Japan, and recently in China and India as well. These projects involve the replacement of martensitic 9%–12% Cr steels with nickel(Ni)-base alloys for the highest temperature boiler and turbine components in order to provide sufficient creep strength at 700℃ and above. To minimize the requirement for expensive Ni-base alloys, martensitic 9%–12% Cr steels can be applied to the next highest temperature components of an A-USC power plant, up to a maximum of 650℃. This paper comprehensively describes the research and development of Ni-base alloys and martensitic 9%–12% Cr steels for thick section boiler and turbine components of A-USC power plants, mainly focusing on the long-term creep-rupture strength of base metal and welded joints, strength loss in welded joints, creep-fatigue properties, and microstructure evolution during exposure at elevated temperatures.
文摘The mountainous region of Fthia, identified with the Valley of Sperchios River, in Central Greece, is rich in small watercourses and generously blessed with water and abundant water falls. The geographical configuration of Olympus and Fthia＇s mounts and the hydraulic singularities of drained lakes Askouris in Olympus, favour the installation of series of sustainable small hydroelectric plants. The present action consists of a serious effort towards the systematic sustainable small hydropower exploitation of Fthia＇s and Olympus hydraulic potential, including the Archimedean hydropower perspectives of Sperchios River.
