气顶底水油藏注水开发影响因素——以韦8断块为例

采用油藏生产动态分析和数值模拟相结合的方法,考虑到气顶底水锥进和水力压裂的实际情况,对韦8断块油藏注水开发的影响因素进行了研究。首先,在油藏描述模型的基础上建立全油藏的数值模型,应用该模型对油藏的开发生产历史进行拟合,分析油藏开发生产特点。并利用典型井组研究开发层系组合、水平井-直井组合井网和注水条件对开发效果的影响,通过对渗透率、原油黏度、有效厚度、井排比、穿透比、注水温度、注水速度、注采井距进行动态优化调整,得出了韦8断块开发矛盾最小化、效益最大化的合理化建议。

泛城郊地区住宅大盘开发影响因素分析研究

改革开放以来,随着城市化进程的日益加快和住宅郊区化的发展,城市郊区住宅大盘概念受到了人们的高度关注。郊区住宅大盘远离城市中心区域,项目选址通常具备良好的自然生态环境,房产价值增长速度快,开发商以其独特的开发模式获得了比较理想的收益,如重庆市的龙湖地产等。另一方面,房地产开发商也面临着许问题。本文主要研究了泛城郊地区住宅大盘开发的界定及影响因素,并提出了泛城郊地区住宅大盘开发的具体措施。

中低渗薄层难动用储量开发影响因素及对策研究

中低渗薄层油藏具有特殊的油气成藏特征,且油藏地质储量丰富。八面河油田滩Ⅱ块主要沉积类型为滩坝砂沉积,储层类型属中低渗薄层细喉型,储层渗流能力较差,油气成藏主要受岩性和断裂活动的控制。制定的开发对策为以递减规律分析和经济评价相结合,确定区块经济极限初产,进而明确优势区域分布,最终确定开发部署。

川中安岳气田须二段致密砂岩气藏开发有利区优选

文中针对安岳气田须二段致密砂岩气藏开展了储层甜点精细刻画,结合气井生产动态分析,明确了气藏效益开发的主要影响因素。有效储层规模是气井高产稳产的关键因素。将须二段划分为5个小层,储层甜点主要发育于工区中西部X2-5,X2-4小层的水下分流河道叠置砂体中,为中—中粗粒长石石英砂岩、岩屑石英砂岩,发育粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔和微裂缝,属于孔隙型、裂缝-孔隙型储层。确定气藏效益开发的单井储层厚度下限为9 m,含气饱和度下限为55%。裂缝发育是气井初期高产的重要因素,但高导裂缝水侵导致气井快速递减,影响开发效益。Ⅰ类气井多在孔隙型储层,尽管初期产气量中等偏低,但稳产期较长,单井EUR(Estimated Ultimate Recovery,最终可采储量)高;裂缝-孔隙型储层初期高产,但稳产期短,EUR偏低。为主动防水、控水,井位部署应避开高导裂缝带,优选射孔层位,避开含水层,控制生产压差和压裂缝高。综合EUR、气层厚度、储量丰度等因素优选3个效益开发有利区。

Petrel软件在八区下乌尔禾组256井断裂上盘精细地质与开发特征研究中的应用

克拉玛依油田八区下乌尔禾组为特低渗透、低孔隙度、微裂缝发育的巨厚砾岩油藏。256井断裂上盘油藏开发过程中暴露出:裂缝水窜与油井低压、低能同时存在,油井见效率低,采油速度低,开发效果平面差异大等问题。以Petrel软件为工具,利用地质统计学方法,综合岩心、地震、测井、钻井及生产动态等资料,相互约束建立256井断裂上盘三维有效厚度、256井断裂体系、孔隙度、渗透率、裂缝分布模型。结合注水开发生产实际,分析相变及储层砂体的连通性是影响注水效果最重要的地质因素。对注采不对应P2w32、P2w33小层对应补孔,以提高小层对应程度,进而提高油井见效程度。补孔4口油井平均井增产油量1409t。

低渗透油藏分层动用状况判别方法

针对多层砂岩低渗透油藏油水井动态监测资料少,分层动用状况分析难度大的问题,提出了一种较实用的分层动用状况研究新方法。从微观渗流机理和宏观开发规律出发,研究了渗流阻力倒数、平均孔喉半径、夹层频数倒数、射开油层有效厚度、单井月产液量等影响低渗透油藏注水开发效果的动、静态因素与单井累产油之间的关系,并通过层次分析法确定各因素的权值,建立了油水井分配系数的计算公式,确定油井的分层产油量,判别油藏分层动用状况。以张强凹陷Q1区块和渤南油田四区低渗透油藏为例进行验证,结果表明,该方法可行,能够用以分析无动态监测资料井点的分层产油量,对下一步的挖潜具有一定的指导作用。

The Impact of Land Reform on Land Market Activity in Rwanda and Suggestions in Support of Sustainable Urban Development

After a trial period between 2008 and 2010, the LTRP （Land Tenure Regularization Program） was implemented in Rwanda. The program is the consequent implementation of the National Land Policy （2004）, which initiated the reform of the administration of land. With the LTRP, titles to land were registered in the name of every landholder to unlock the potentialities for sustainable growth based on a clear framework, equally valid to all landholders. This paper describes the changes in land and property market activity after the reforms and comments on increasing development pressure on land which can be observed. It recalls that this new market activity is intended and policy-made as a result of the Land Policy with the land tenure regularization and changed land tenure principles, the EDPRS2 which clearly focuses on enabling the private sector to participate in and drive economic development, and the new urbanization agenda coming with the Vision 2020 and the EDPRS2. Identified factors are also discussed which contribute to the new market values of land and a case study in Kigali is referenced which identified accessibility to an area as the most influencing factor, besides access to services and levels of investment on the land. The importance is now, to keep ensuring and enhancing the positive impact of the policy directions in a sustainable manner for their maximum positive impact on socio-economic progress. Provided are recommendations of how to strategically guide public policies and investment in support of sustainable land market activity and using geospatial technologies. The supportive application of technologies is explored.

Factors Affecting the Occurrence of Palygorskite in Central Iranian Soils Developed on Tertiary Sediments

Limited information is available on the distribution and origin of palygorkite in soils developed on Tertiary sediments as the major soil parent materials in central Iran and other Middle Eastern countries. The objectives of this study were to determine the distribution and origin of palygorskite in soils developed on Tertiary sediments, and to identify the major soil properties that influence palygorskite distribution in the soils studied. Sixteen soil profiles developed on Paleocene, Eocene, Oligocene, Oligocene-Miocene, Miocene and Pliocene sediments were studied by X-ray diffraction analysis, transmission electron microscope, and scanning electron microscopy. Physicochemical characteristics of the soils and sediments including particle size distribution, pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, gypsum, carbonates, and soluble Si, Ca and Mg were determined. The principal component analysis was used to establish the relationships between palygorskite and the physicochemical characteristics of the soils studied. Results showed that clay fraction of all the soils in the study area was dominated by palygorskite. The highest amount of palygorskite was found in horizons where simultaneous accumulation of both carbonates and gypsum occurred. Limited amount of palygorskite was found in salic and calcic horizons. Palygorskite seemed to be of eolian origin in the surface horizon of all the soils. Using principal component analysis, the soluble Mg/Ca ratio, pH, soluble Si and gypsum contents were identified as the most important factors affecting the distribution and genesis of palygorskite in the soils studied. Results might suggest the neoformation of palygorskite by precipitation from solutions in which evaporation fluxes were very high. However, palygorskite in soils developed on Tertiary sediments in central Iran seems to be of both inherited and pedogenic origins.