Based on the target analysis of the operation optimization for power plants, a novel system scheme called operation optimization decision support system (OODSS) is brought forward. According to the structure and desig...Based on the target analysis of the operation optimization for power plants, a novel system scheme called operation optimization decision support system (OODSS) is brought forward. According to the structure and design thinking of decision support system (DSS), the overall structure of the OODSS is studied, and the scheme of the sub systems in the OODSS such as the user interface system, the problem processing system, the database system, the model base system, the expert system (ES) and the data mining sy...展开更多
Elastic control could balance the distributed control plane in Software-Defined Networking(SDN). Dynamic switch migration has been proposed to achieve it. However, existing schemes mainly focus on how to execute migra...Elastic control could balance the distributed control plane in Software-Defined Networking(SDN). Dynamic switch migration has been proposed to achieve it. However, existing schemes mainly focus on how to execute migration operation, but not why. This paper designs a decision-making mechanism based on zero-sum game theory to reelect a new controller as the master for migrated switches. It first chooses a switch for migration in the heavy controller which invites its neighbors as the game players to compete for the master role of this switch in the game-playing field(GPF) which is an occasional and loose domain for game-playing. Second, based on the concept of GPF, we design a decentralized strategy to play the game and determine which player as the final master. We implement it by extending the Open Flow protocol. Finally, numerical results demonstrate that our distributed strategy can approach elastic control plane with better performance.展开更多
The purpose of this study is to make a review and or definition of AM （additive manufacturing）, and an evaluation of its use in furniture production within a few projects to provide industry-specific awareness. AM c...The purpose of this study is to make a review and or definition of AM （additive manufacturing）, and an evaluation of its use in furniture production within a few projects to provide industry-specific awareness. AM can be considered as one of the latest innovative processes, as a state-of-the-art development, in manufacturing industries. AM is expressed as the future of the products and localization of the manufacturing processes in some studies. Innovation is a key factor both for firms and consumer products or service output. And, in today＇s competitive environment, it compels all the partners for R ＆ D activities to provide technological development. But, all the partners come to a parting of the ways of disruptive or sustainable innovation. It can be said that furniture manufacturing by AM method is relatively new. Non-industrial use of the AM in furniture production can be stated as one of the latest innovative development. Thereby, this study reviews how AM is used to produce furniture within applied projects, which materials and methods are used for production and suggests its future impact.展开更多
The land use patterns in Guyuan City,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of China,have changed greatly over the years,due to population growth and farming and stock raising development.This study,using 50-year statis-tical ...The land use patterns in Guyuan City,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of China,have changed greatly over the years,due to population growth and farming and stock raising development.This study,using 50-year statis-tical data of cultivated land and 14-year spatial data of land use pattern,analyzed the developmental stages,the char-acter,and the spatial variance of farmland in the city,and discussed the driving forces of cultivated land changes based on empirical and conceptual statistical models.First,the change of cultivated land area went through different stages of rapid increase,fluctuating change,decrease and rapid decrease from 1949 to 2004,additionally,social and economic policies in different stages had an important impact on farmland variance.Second,from 1986 to 2000,the quantity of cultivated land increased,but its quality decreased.Third,social and economic factors are determinant factors in culti-vated land transition.Five constructed paths explain cultivated land transition.Factors that have direct or indirect ef-fects on farmland include the economy(Xeco),the population(Xpop),agricultural output(Xagr),and scientific input(Xsci).The sequence of impact was Xeco>Xpop>Xsci>Xagr.Among all these impacts,Xeco was the major positive one,and Xpop was the major negative one.It is urgent to take measures or adopt a policy to stop the vicious cycle in eco-environment and agriculture production.Otherwise,negative patterns of farmland use will increase,and high-quality cultivated land will continue to decline.展开更多
This paper provides an overview of the state of art of reverse logistics and current status of waste management problems with special emphasis on developing countries. Logistics activities have been practiced and play...This paper provides an overview of the state of art of reverse logistics and current status of waste management problems with special emphasis on developing countries. Logistics activities have been practiced and played a fundamental role in the global economic development for over 5,000 years. It has then been transformed into different logistics branches and elaborates the emergency of reverse logistics as one of the most important. The paper presents the evolution of logistics into reverse logistics and how it relates to waste management both in the developed and developing world. Reverse logistics is a relatively new phenomenon in the research area which is mainly referring to damaged goods, the take back of products that should be returned to the manufacturers or distributors. Reverse logistics is relatively more practiced in an organized way in the developed world than in the developing countries in that the latter provided less value additions on reversed products.展开更多
The objective of the work is to define and evaluate the normative approach in the programming and implementation of rural development in the European Union countries. Main focus is to determine the objectives and meth...The objective of the work is to define and evaluate the normative approach in the programming and implementation of rural development in the European Union countries. Main focus is to determine the objectives and methods of implementation and achieve these objectives in various ideological documents, strategies, programs, and development policies. The present work was created on the basis of documents and publications by community bodies and institutions as well as open literature on this subject. The study presents ways of defining rural areas, strategies, and development programs in Europe （Lisbon Strategy, Europe 2020 Strategy）, tasks of major Community policies towards rural areas （common agricultural policy, cohesion policy）, Cork ideological declarations, multifunctional development concepts and smart development. Innovative approaches include the concept of smart city, smart village, smart specializations of regions, and the urban-rural partnerships.展开更多
A number of reports have indicated that a sizable percentage of the nation＇s experts in radiochemistry are nearing retirement age. This reality has been a concern since the 1970s, when declining numbers of radiochemi...A number of reports have indicated that a sizable percentage of the nation＇s experts in radiochemistry are nearing retirement age. This reality has been a concern since the 1970s, when declining numbers of radiochemists worldwide was first observed. Therefore, the NAMP （National Analytical Management Program） has organized a subcommittee focused on training and education in radiochemistry. To bolster interest and increase awareness in radiochemistry, NAMP is offering webinars developed by experts on different topics relevant to radiochemistry. This paper presents our accomplishments in developing these webinars and highlights our efforts in outreaching the national and international radiochemistry community.展开更多
China is a large, developing economy now entering the second half of the intermediate stage of industrialization. It is inadequate for China at this time to perceive industrial development as a part of its industrial ...China is a large, developing economy now entering the second half of the intermediate stage of industrialization. It is inadequate for China at this time to perceive industrial development as a part of its industrial strategy. Rather, industrial development should be discussed and developed using a wider lens, as part of state strategy and responding to national conditions. This paper argues that, for China to progress further, it must transition from being simply a large industrial country to being a true industrial power. The paper presents characteristics and indicators that describe the world＇s industrial powers. China should focus strategically on development via invigorating industry - this idea and its related objectives, key tasks, and policy directions make up the Industry-Invigorating-China Strategy. The author prediets that China will develop the basic qualities of an industrial power by 2020, and it will achieve full industrial power status by 2040.展开更多
The history of international industrialization shows that Latin American countries and former Soviet Union and Eastern European countries experienced a siginificant drop in economic growth and fell into the middle-inc...The history of international industrialization shows that Latin American countries and former Soviet Union and Eastern European countries experienced a siginificant drop in economic growth and fell into the middle-income trap when their per capita GDP reached 4,000-7,000 international dollar （based on the 1990 prices） as a result of long-term implemented import-oriented strategy and planned economic system. Fortunately, China adopted reform and opening-up policy beginning at a lower development phase and achieved sustained high-speed growth for more than thirty years. Currently, China has surpassed the phase which the above-mentioned countries fell into the middle-income trap. On the other side, experiences of successful runner-ups show that when per capita GDP reached II,000 international dollar （based on the 1990 prices）, economic growth speed will present regularly ＂natural drop ＂. Without internal and external shocks, China＇s economy is expected to reach this level by 2015 and the potential growth rate will possibly drop significantly. In this regard, China＇s toughest challenges will be whether it can effectively prevent and solve the financial risks accumulated during high-speed growth and make a shift to innovation-driven growth model Time is pressing for addressing the above challenges. A fundamental change in the growth model depends on the intensification of reform, in particular, the promotion of an ＂participatory and facilitative reform ＂approach.展开更多
Within the framework of its Statistical Capacity Building Program the African Development Bank （AfDB） is supporting development and improvement of statistical business registers （SBRs） in African countries. As a f...Within the framework of its Statistical Capacity Building Program the African Development Bank （AfDB） is supporting development and improvement of statistical business registers （SBRs） in African countries. As a first step, the AfDB prepared a document entitled Guidelines .for Building Statistical Business Registers in Africa, which describes SBR design, construction, introduction, use and maintenance. To support dissemination, interpretation and effective use of the Guidelines, the AfDB is now sponsoring a programme of review and recommendations for enhancements to SBRs in selected African national statistical offices. The paper outlines the content of the Guidelines and experiences in their application. The views expressed are those of the authors and ,do nnt nec＇e^arilv reflect an official nosition of the AfDB.展开更多
文摘Based on the target analysis of the operation optimization for power plants, a novel system scheme called operation optimization decision support system (OODSS) is brought forward. According to the structure and design thinking of decision support system (DSS), the overall structure of the OODSS is studied, and the scheme of the sub systems in the OODSS such as the user interface system, the problem processing system, the database system, the model base system, the expert system (ES) and the data mining sy...
基金supported by the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61521003)the National Basic Research Program of China(2012CB315901,2013CB329104)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61372121,61309020,61309019)the National High-Tech Research&Development Program of China(Grant No.2013AA013505)the National Science and Technology Support Program Project(Grant No.2014BAH30B01)
文摘Elastic control could balance the distributed control plane in Software-Defined Networking(SDN). Dynamic switch migration has been proposed to achieve it. However, existing schemes mainly focus on how to execute migration operation, but not why. This paper designs a decision-making mechanism based on zero-sum game theory to reelect a new controller as the master for migrated switches. It first chooses a switch for migration in the heavy controller which invites its neighbors as the game players to compete for the master role of this switch in the game-playing field(GPF) which is an occasional and loose domain for game-playing. Second, based on the concept of GPF, we design a decentralized strategy to play the game and determine which player as the final master. We implement it by extending the Open Flow protocol. Finally, numerical results demonstrate that our distributed strategy can approach elastic control plane with better performance.
文摘The purpose of this study is to make a review and or definition of AM （additive manufacturing）, and an evaluation of its use in furniture production within a few projects to provide industry-specific awareness. AM can be considered as one of the latest innovative processes, as a state-of-the-art development, in manufacturing industries. AM is expressed as the future of the products and localization of the manufacturing processes in some studies. Innovation is a key factor both for firms and consumer products or service output. And, in today＇s competitive environment, it compels all the partners for R ＆ D activities to provide technological development. But, all the partners come to a parting of the ways of disruptive or sustainable innovation. It can be said that furniture manufacturing by AM method is relatively new. Non-industrial use of the AM in furniture production can be stated as one of the latest innovative development. Thereby, this study reviews how AM is used to produce furniture within applied projects, which materials and methods are used for production and suggests its future impact.
基金Under the auspices of Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (No. 2002CB111506)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30670374)Sixth Framework Programme of European Union (Priority 1.1.6.3) (No. 003874-2)
文摘The land use patterns in Guyuan City,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of China,have changed greatly over the years,due to population growth and farming and stock raising development.This study,using 50-year statis-tical data of cultivated land and 14-year spatial data of land use pattern,analyzed the developmental stages,the char-acter,and the spatial variance of farmland in the city,and discussed the driving forces of cultivated land changes based on empirical and conceptual statistical models.First,the change of cultivated land area went through different stages of rapid increase,fluctuating change,decrease and rapid decrease from 1949 to 2004,additionally,social and economic policies in different stages had an important impact on farmland variance.Second,from 1986 to 2000,the quantity of cultivated land increased,but its quality decreased.Third,social and economic factors are determinant factors in culti-vated land transition.Five constructed paths explain cultivated land transition.Factors that have direct or indirect ef-fects on farmland include the economy(Xeco),the population(Xpop),agricultural output(Xagr),and scientific input(Xsci).The sequence of impact was Xeco>Xpop>Xsci>Xagr.Among all these impacts,Xeco was the major positive one,and Xpop was the major negative one.It is urgent to take measures or adopt a policy to stop the vicious cycle in eco-environment and agriculture production.Otherwise,negative patterns of farmland use will increase,and high-quality cultivated land will continue to decline.
文摘This paper provides an overview of the state of art of reverse logistics and current status of waste management problems with special emphasis on developing countries. Logistics activities have been practiced and played a fundamental role in the global economic development for over 5,000 years. It has then been transformed into different logistics branches and elaborates the emergency of reverse logistics as one of the most important. The paper presents the evolution of logistics into reverse logistics and how it relates to waste management both in the developed and developing world. Reverse logistics is a relatively new phenomenon in the research area which is mainly referring to damaged goods, the take back of products that should be returned to the manufacturers or distributors. Reverse logistics is relatively more practiced in an organized way in the developed world than in the developing countries in that the latter provided less value additions on reversed products.
文摘The objective of the work is to define and evaluate the normative approach in the programming and implementation of rural development in the European Union countries. Main focus is to determine the objectives and methods of implementation and achieve these objectives in various ideological documents, strategies, programs, and development policies. The present work was created on the basis of documents and publications by community bodies and institutions as well as open literature on this subject. The study presents ways of defining rural areas, strategies, and development programs in Europe （Lisbon Strategy, Europe 2020 Strategy）, tasks of major Community policies towards rural areas （common agricultural policy, cohesion policy）, Cork ideological declarations, multifunctional development concepts and smart development. Innovative approaches include the concept of smart city, smart village, smart specializations of regions, and the urban-rural partnerships.
文摘A number of reports have indicated that a sizable percentage of the nation＇s experts in radiochemistry are nearing retirement age. This reality has been a concern since the 1970s, when declining numbers of radiochemists worldwide was first observed. Therefore, the NAMP （National Analytical Management Program） has organized a subcommittee focused on training and education in radiochemistry. To bolster interest and increase awareness in radiochemistry, NAMP is offering webinars developed by experts on different topics relevant to radiochemistry. This paper presents our accomplishments in developing these webinars and highlights our efforts in outreaching the national and international radiochemistry community.
文摘China is a large, developing economy now entering the second half of the intermediate stage of industrialization. It is inadequate for China at this time to perceive industrial development as a part of its industrial strategy. Rather, industrial development should be discussed and developed using a wider lens, as part of state strategy and responding to national conditions. This paper argues that, for China to progress further, it must transition from being simply a large industrial country to being a true industrial power. The paper presents characteristics and indicators that describe the world＇s industrial powers. China should focus strategically on development via invigorating industry - this idea and its related objectives, key tasks, and policy directions make up the Industry-Invigorating-China Strategy. The author prediets that China will develop the basic qualities of an industrial power by 2020, and it will achieve full industrial power status by 2040.
文摘The history of international industrialization shows that Latin American countries and former Soviet Union and Eastern European countries experienced a siginificant drop in economic growth and fell into the middle-income trap when their per capita GDP reached 4,000-7,000 international dollar （based on the 1990 prices） as a result of long-term implemented import-oriented strategy and planned economic system. Fortunately, China adopted reform and opening-up policy beginning at a lower development phase and achieved sustained high-speed growth for more than thirty years. Currently, China has surpassed the phase which the above-mentioned countries fell into the middle-income trap. On the other side, experiences of successful runner-ups show that when per capita GDP reached II,000 international dollar （based on the 1990 prices）, economic growth speed will present regularly ＂natural drop ＂. Without internal and external shocks, China＇s economy is expected to reach this level by 2015 and the potential growth rate will possibly drop significantly. In this regard, China＇s toughest challenges will be whether it can effectively prevent and solve the financial risks accumulated during high-speed growth and make a shift to innovation-driven growth model Time is pressing for addressing the above challenges. A fundamental change in the growth model depends on the intensification of reform, in particular, the promotion of an ＂participatory and facilitative reform ＂approach.
文摘Within the framework of its Statistical Capacity Building Program the African Development Bank （AfDB） is supporting development and improvement of statistical business registers （SBRs） in African countries. As a first step, the AfDB prepared a document entitled Guidelines .for Building Statistical Business Registers in Africa, which describes SBR design, construction, introduction, use and maintenance. To support dissemination, interpretation and effective use of the Guidelines, the AfDB is now sponsoring a programme of review and recommendations for enhancements to SBRs in selected African national statistical offices. The paper outlines the content of the Guidelines and experiences in their application. The views expressed are those of the authors and ,do nnt nec＇e^arilv reflect an official nosition of the AfDB.
