中老年原发性高血压与腔隙性脑梗死关系探讨

高血压病作为一种极为常见的心血管疾病,最终可导致心、肺、脑、肾等重要脏器功能的损害。近年来由于改革开放,人民生活水平的提高,其发病较原有所上升。就我院近5年来50岁以上经头颅CT扫描的中老年原发性高血压患者进行综合分析,探讨其与腔隙性脑梗死的有关因素。

警惕腔隙性损伤

人体内存在着一些潜存的体腔,如胸腔、腹腔、关节腔等。平时腔内可有极少量体液起润滑和减少粘连的作用,一旦这些体腔损伤,就称为腔隙性损伤。 腔隙性损伤有这样一些特点:(1)隐匿性:位置较深,体腔潜在较隐蔽,损伤后不象开放性骨折一目了然,不易发现。(2)延迟性:因存在一定的容量空间,可容纳数百乃至数千毫升液体。

儿童和青少年的腔隙综合征

Background: The authors performed a computerized search of the National Pediatric Trauma Registry for all patients who had compartment syndrome during a 51-month period. Methods: One hundred thirty-three cases were identified. Boys outnumbered girls 4 to 1. The median age was 12 years and the peak incidence was in the 10-to 14-year-old age group. Results: The most common mechanisms of injury were pedestrians struck by motor vehicles, falls, sports, and occupants in motor vehicle crashes. Eighty-five percent of the cases were the sequelae of fractures. Forearm fractures were the most common cause in the upper extremity, and tibia and/or fibula fractures were most common in the lower extremity. Conclusions: Open fractures significantly increased the risk of developing a compartment syndrome for both forearm and leg fractures. Sixty percent of the patients went directly from the emergency room to the operating room, suggesting that the others developed the compartment syndrome after admission, or had delayed diagnosis.

腭咽闭合不全性开放性鼻音的康复治疗

目的:探讨以开放性鼻音为单发表现的腭咽闭合不全的镜下表现和治疗方法。方法:对收治的6例典型病例的临床资料进行回顾性分析并复习相关文献。结果:患者主要表现为软腭上举运动迟缓不协调,伴或不伴有舌体活动不利。经相关检查除双侧大脑多发腔隙性脑梗死外,未见其他异常。行腭肌按摩、局部注射刺激疗法和腭咽肌、舌肌训练辅导,言语清晰度逐步改善。结论:开放性鼻音是软腭运动性障碍的临床表现,在相关区域腔隙性脑梗死中,仅表现为微小的运动不协调而出现构语障碍,可以单发或独立表现,在临床上应引起重视并早期进行腭咽肌的康复训练。

鼻内窥镜电视联合支撑喉镜行声带息肉摘除术121例疗效观察

目的探讨鼻内窥镜电视联合支撑喉镜行声带息肉摘除术的疗效。方法对121例诊断为声带息肉的患者（其中双侧54例，单侧67例），在支撑喉镜及监视摄像系统下摘除声带息肉，并开放Reirlke腔隙，且将术前喉镜检查和手术及术后喉镜复查的结果录像并保留。结果术后1～4周复查70°鼻内窥镜，116例声带及发音基本接近正常，治愈率达95．9％，其余5例因为声带肥厚或声带关闭不全，声音较正常梢差。随访1～14个月无复发，无严重并发症。结论通过鼻内窥镜和电视监视摄像系统的放大，喉部图像尤其Reirlke腔隙更为清晰，使病灶可以彻底切除，而声带组织得以很好的保护，并可通过保留的录像可以对术前、术中、术后声带情况作动态比较。