无人机影像用于监测湿地植物群落开花覆盖度与昆虫访花活动

在群落水平的传粉生态学研究中,使用传统的调查方法对大尺度样地进行定量分析存在一定的局限性,无人机遥感技术可能为此提供一种解决方案。为探讨无人机影像数据应用于群落水平传粉生物学的可行性,本研究以神农架大九湖亚高山湿地草本植物群落为对象,利用消费级无人机获取4个面积在1600~3000 m^(2)的样地在不同季节的可见光影像数据,借助ContextCapture软件拼接影像,采用支持向量机(SVM)的分类方法计算不同颜色花的开花覆盖度,并对16个2 m×2 m样方中访花昆虫的活动进行了实地调查。数据分析结果显示:(1)无人机影像中不同颜色的开花覆盖度与传粉者数量显著相关,并呈指数关系;(2)随着无人机飞行高度的增加,开花覆盖度的观测值呈减小趋势;(3)不同样地中,单位开花面积上的传粉者数量差异不显著。本研究还探讨了通过无人机影像计算开花覆盖度从而监测研究区域的开花季相动态和估算传粉者数量的可行性。

速食开花米粥的研制

将原料大米经清洗、浸泡、干燥、蒸煮、热风干燥,可制得复水后体积大、呈开花状特点的方便米粥。即将加工后的米粒放在热水中,复水3～5min后,成速食米粥。

Dwarfing effects of plant growth regulators on narcissi

The effects of four kinds of plant growth regulators with different concentrations on narcissi were studied in 2001. The results showed that the regulators could inhibit the growths of height and leaves of narcissi. Of the four regulators, the dwarfing effects of paclobatrazol (PP333) and uniconazole (S3307) on narcissi were better than those of chlorocholine (CCC) and dimethyl amino-sussinamic acid (B9). All of the regulators did not have significant effect on the root length. Moreover, the time of flowering was later for the narcissi treated with regulators than that of the control to a certain extent, and the range delayed was from 2 days to 19 days. The correlation analysis results showed that there was a significant correlation between the time of flowering and the concentrations of regulators. The ornament value of narcissi was obviously improved by using the regulators.

Mapping of QTLs for Dehiscence Length at Basal Part of Thecae in Rice Based on TD70/Kasalath RIL Population

A population of 240 recombinant inbred lines （RIL） was derived from a cross between Japonica rice cultivar TD70 and Indica cultivar Kasalath, and their linkage map including 141 SSR markers was used to locate the QTLs controlling the length of dehiscence at the basal part of thecae （LDBT）. Then, the correlations between LDBT and other agronomic traits of rice were analyzed. Two QTLs con- trolling LDBT were mapped on chromosome 6 and 8, respectively, qLDBT6 was mapped between RM3 and RM3628 markers on chromosome 6 with a LOD value of 3.23, contribution rate of 6.18% and additive effect of 17.74%. qLDBT8 was mapped between RM1376-RM4085 markers on chromosome 8 with a LOD value 2.95, contribution rate of 8.00% and additive effect of 20.09%. This domain probably had a relationship with the sterility of rice. The LDBT of RILs had extremely signifi- cant positive correlations with flag leaf width, 1 000-grain weight, grain width, grain length and grain thickness, but no significant correlations with other agronomic traits, such as plant height, heading date, tiller number, flag leaf length, average and the maximum temperature during heading period or rice.

Effects of light and temperature conditions on flowering in Mat Rush

The effects of photoperiod and light intensity on flowering in Mat Rush cv. Gangshan 3 were studied. The results showed that treatments with longer day length stimulated flowering significantly and increased stem flowering percentage (SFP). Plants treated with low light intensity at early stage had substantially reduced florets per cyme, SFP, tillers per plant and stem length. At middle and late stage, low light intensity significantly reduced SFP. The principal climatic factors affecting SFP were as follows: mean temperatures (MT) of the third ten day period (TDP) in December and of the second TDP in February, actual sunlight hours (SH) of the third TDP in February and precipitation of the third TDP in March. A nonlinear simulation model for SFP was established with experimental results and corresponding climatic data (see Eq.(2)). Simulation by the above equation yielded values the same as those observed from 1992 to 2000, indicating its accuracy in describing the relationship between flowering and light and temperature conditions. The interaction between vernalization and SH is also discussed in this paper.

Impact of light intensity on flowering time and plant quality of Antirrhinum majus L. cultivar Chimes White

Shades of different light intensities (29%, 43%, 54%,60% or 68%) along with control (no shade) were studied to observe their effects on the flowering time and plant quality. A hyperbolic relationship was observed between different light intensities under shade,and time to flowering.The total number of flower buds showed a curvilinear relationship with light intensities. Growth parameters related to the plant characteristics such as plant height,leaf area and plant fresh weight were improved under shading treatments at the expense of flowering time and number of flower buds.However,both linear and polynomial models applied assumed that cultivar Chimes White was equally sensitive to light intensity throughout development.

Effect of Amended Organic Media and Different Concentrations of Seaweed Extract on the Growth and Flowering of Periwinkle （Vinca rosea） Plant

A pot research has been conducted in Horticultural Department Nursery, Faculty of Agricultural and Forestry, Duhok University, during the period of May 15, 2012-Sep. 1, 2012. The study involved in testing the effects of two amended organic media （loam ＋ sheep manure and loam ＋ peat moss （1：1）） and different concentrations of seaweed （sea force 2） extract including （0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 mL/L） on growth and flowering of Periwinkle （Vinca rosea） plant. The results showed that growing vinca plants in peat moss medium and spraying sea force 2 extract with low concentrations especially 0.5 mL/L resulted in positive significant difference in vegetative and flowering characteristics.

Design and construction of high and large span cast-in-place reinforced concrete cantilever flowering frame beam

The high and large span cast-in-place reinforced concrete cantilever structure of the office building of some court, which is located I-steel at the cantilever and used steel pipe scaffold as the support, has guaranteed the frame body and structure security by the frame body calculating, on-site test and reasonable construction order.

Interaction between temperature and photoperiod in regulation of flowering time in rice

Photoperiod and temperature are two pivotal regulatory factors of plant flowering. The floral transition of plants depends on accurate measurement of changes in photoperiod and temperature. The flowering time of rice （Oryza sativa） as a facultative short-day （SD） plant is delayed under long-day （LD） and/or low temperature conditions. To elucidate the regulatory functions of photoperiod and temperature on flowering time in rice, we systematically analyzed the expression and regulation of several key genes （Hd3a, RFT1, Ehdl, Ghd7, RID1/Ehd2/OsIdl, Se5） involved in the photoperiodic flowering regulatory pathway under different temperature and photoperiod treatments using a photoperiod-insensitive mutant and wild type plants. Our re- sults indicate that the Ehdl-Hd3a/RFT1 pathway is common to and conserved in both the photoperiodic and temperature flow- ering regulatory pathways. Expression of Ehdl, Hd3a and RFT1 is dramatically reduced at low temperature （23~C）, suggesting that suppression of Ehdl, Hd3a and RFT1 transcription is an essential cause of delayed flowering under low temperature con- dition. Under LD condition, Ghd7 mRNA levels are promoted at low temperature （23~C） compared with normal temperature condition （28℃）, suggesting low temperature and LD treatment have a synergistic role in the expression of Ghd7. Therefore, upregulation of Ghd7 might be a crucial cause of delayed flowering under low temperature condition. We also analyzed Hdl regulatory relationships in the photoperiodic flowering pathway, and found that Hdl can negatively regulate Ehdl transcription under LD condition. In addition, Hdl can also positively regulate Ghd7 transcription under LD condition, suggesting that the heading-date of rice under LD condition is also regulated by the Hdl-Ghd7-Ehdl-RFT1 pathway.

Flowering responses to light and temperature

Light and temperature signals are the most important environmental cues regulating plant growth and development. Plants have evolved various strategies to prepare for, and adapt to environmental changes. Plants integrate environmental cues with endogenous signals to regulate various physiological processes, including flowering time. There are at least five distinct pathways controlling flowering in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana: the photoperiod pathway, the vernalization/thermosensory pathway, the autonomous floral initiation, the gibberellins pathway, and the age pathway. The photoperiod and temperature/vernalization pathways mainly perceive external signals from the environment, while the autonomous and age pathways transmit endogenous cues within plants. In many plant species, floral transition is precisely controlled by light signals(photoperiod) and temperature to optimize seed production in specific environments. The molecular mechanisms by which light and temperature control flowering responses have been revealed using forward and reverse genetic approaches. Here we focus on the recent advances in research on flowering responses to light and temperature.