大骨瓣开颅联合小脑幕切迹切开术对重型颅脑损伤的治疗效果

目的探讨大骨瓣开颅联合小脑幕切迹切开术治疗重型颅脑损伤的临床效果。方法在医院2015年1月-2016年7月期间诊治的重型颅脑损伤患者中抽取72例作研究对象,通过随机抽签方式予以分组,治疗组(n=36)应用大骨瓣开颅联合小脑幕切迹切开术治疗,对照组(n=36)单纯应用大骨瓣开颅术治疗,对比2组患者的临床疗效、术后并发症发生率以及术后半年的生活自理能力。结果治疗组患者的预后良好率是61.1%,平均ADL评分是(14.0±2.8)分,并发症发生率是11.1%;对照组患者的预后良好率是25.0%,平均ADL评分是(23.9±4.7)分,并发症发生率是30.6%;2组患者预后良好率、平均ADL评分以及并发症发生率的组间对比存在统计学差异(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论大骨瓣开颅联合小脑幕切迹切开术对重型颅脑损伤的治疗效果确切,手术安全性较高,有助于改善患者预后,提升其生活自理能力,有推广意义。

探索Euler生成子图边数的一种方法

关于超欧拉图的欧拉生成子图 (spanning eulerian subgraph) 的边数问题,P.A.Catlin 、Hong- Jian Lai、Zhi-Hong Chen 等人提出若干问题。本文给出了探索超欧拉图的欧拉生成子图边数的 一种方法。

Characteristics and Measurements of Ecological Compensation in Ecosystem

This research was to introduce the characteristics of and countermeasures for ecological compensation. From the analysis of the current situation of ecological compensation, a series of characteristics of ecological compensation in resource exploitation and economic development were elaborated. The principles and practical issues are complex in ecological compensation, and the corresponding object, entity, financial system of ecological compensation are the keys to set up compensation mechanism, and studying of ecosystem service function and ecological footprint calculation are important ways to quantitatively assess ecological compensation, and are also important foundations for establishing calculation system of green GDP. Advocating the benefit compensation mechanism of ecological economy and enclosing ecological compensation principle are important ways for establishing the new environmental management pattern and manifesting social justice and the ecological civilization ideas. This research proposed some views of and approaches to ecological compensation mechanism for constructing natural resource development and utilization.The establishment of ecological compensation is an important approach to prevent the imbalance of resource allocation, the system guarantee for sustainable development, and the important basis of saving resources.

无人售饭与有人买单

吃饭付款,天经地义。古今中外岂有不花钱白吃饭的理儿?至少现今社会还必须如此。然而此等怪事在我国发生过不止一次,不少国人兴许都有此亲身经历。 年长之人不会忘记一九五八年吃饭不要钱的事儿。那时下得乡来,无论公事还是私事,若需用餐只要走进各村均有的大食堂即可。即可饱餐又不用付款,不用登记,甚至连个人影也见不着。大锅的煮白薯、大筐的贴饼子。

Extending application of asymmetric semi-circular bend specimen to investigate mixed mode Ⅰ/Ⅱ fracture behavior of granite

The asymmetric semi-circular bend(ASCB)specimen has been proposed to investigate the cracking behavior in different geo and construction materials and attracted the attention of researchers due to its advantages.However,there are few studies on the fracture toughness determination of rock materials.In this work,a series of fracture tests were performed with the ASCB specimens made of granite.The onset of fracture,crack initiation angle and crack propagating trajectory was analyzed in detail combined with several mixed mode fracture criteria.The influence of the crack length on the mode Ⅰ/Ⅱ fracture toughness was studied.A comparison between the fracture toughness ratios predicted by varying criteria and experimental results was conducted.The relationship between experimentally determined crack initiation angles and curves of the generalized maximum tangential stress(GMTS)criterion was obtained.The fracture process of the specimen was recorded with the high-speed camera.The shortcomings of the ASCB specimens for the fracture toughness determination of rock materials were discussed.The results may provide a reference for analysis of mixed mode I and II fracture behavior of brittle materials.

Flow characteristics at low Reynolds number around two in-line circular cylinders with slits

This study investigated numerically the characteristics of laminar flow around two identical circular cylinders placed in tandem, with slits of the same width through their respective axis. The center to center distance between the cylinders and the slit orientation were varied to study their effects on the flow structure, lift and drag, and vortex shedding characteristics. It was found that three flow regimes could be distinguished, the transitions between which could be indicated by the sudden changes in drag and lift. Asymmetrically, configured slits destabilized the stagnant region between cylinders;whereas in-line slits connect the two cylinders to act as a single elongated bluff body, even at large cylinder separation, by stabilizing the stagnant region in between. These in turn strongly modified the transition between flow regimes. Vortex shedding was also strongly influenced by both slit configuration and cylinder separation.

Ecological Footprint of Hydropower Development in China and the Associated Reductions of Greenhouse Gas Emission

Hydropower, next to coal, is the second most important source of electric power supply in China. It amounted to 20.4% of the nation＇s total installed capacity of electricity generation in 2011. To provide a comprehensive picture of the development of hydropower in China and its potential environmental impacts, this study calculates the ecological footprint and greenhouse gas emission reduction of hydropower development in China over the past 60 years. The ecological footprints include the energy ecological footprint and arable land occupation footprint. The energy ecological footprint is calculated in terms of the area of the land which would be used for reforestation in order to assimilate CQ emissions from fossil energy consumption for hydropower development. The arable land occupation footprint is calculated in terms of the area of the land to be inundated by hydropower development. The calculated energy ecological footprint was 502 422 ha in 2010 or about 0.3% of total arable land in China and the calculated inundated land was about 1.42×10 6 ha or about 1.2% of total arable land in China. The regional power grid baseline method was used to calculate the greenhouse gas emission reduction. Results indicated that CQ emission reduction from hydropower development was increasing rapidly since 1949 and reached 5.02×108 tons of COe emission in 2010, with an accumulative total of 6.221×109 tons of CQ emission during the period 1949-2010.

Recurrence of paleoearthquakes on the southeastern segment of the Ganzi-Yushu Fault,central Tibetan Plateau

Although there are many earthquake relics preserved in the southeast segment of the Ganzi-Yushu Fault in the central Tibetan Plateau,the recurrence regularity of paleoearthquakes is not yet clear.This work studies paleoearthquakes on this fault segment since the Holocene through geomorphic investigation and trench excavation.The results show that sinistral dislocation of the T3/T2 terrace boundary is up to 80 m at the Cuoa Township.A 1.5 m-high fault scarp extends 3 km near the Renguo Township.A number of paleoearthquakes are exposed in trenches at two places,respectively.In combination with historical records,our work has identified 5 or 6 paleoearthquakes on this fault segment since last 5600 years.The occurrence times and recurrence intervals of these paleoearthquakes are estimated by 14C dating on strata in the trenches.Our analysis shows that these paleoearthquakes do not exhibit evident periodicity,but instead show a clustering characteristic.From 5600 a to present,seismicity of the southeastern segment of the Ganzi-Yushu Fault has two active periods and one quiet period,and the present-day time is just in the second active epoch.The recurrence intervals of each active epoch are different:1000-1300 a in the first one,534 a in the second one.