山东即墨温泉资源开发利用与可开采水量评价

山东即墨温泉是胶东三大氯化物温泉之一,为中氡地热水,具有较高的医用价值。目前温泉可采资源量占总量的56%,开采潜力较高,但由于旅游业的大力发展,大规模开发地热水造成地下水水位从1992年至今水位下降近20m,矿化度及氯、钠离子变化不大,说明监测井位置海水入侵程度较低。同时,通过计算得出,即墨温泉可利用热能资源量1.28×10^15 J,相当于8.79×10^4 t标准煤的热量,地下热水储量为0.68×10^8 m^3,地下水可采资源量为1075.31m^3/d。并通过modflow软件模拟开发条件进行评价,提出了月开采量的合理化建议:即每年12月~次年3月开采量为1450m^3/d,4月~6月开采量为450m^3/d,7月~11月开采量为100m^3/d。

某拟建铁矿裂隙-岩溶矿区开采涌水量数值模拟研究

矿坑涌水是矿产安全开发的主要威胁,如何精确地预测开采涌水量直接关系到矿山开发远景和生产安全。以某拟建铁矿为例,建立地下水系统水文地质概念模型和数学模型,并对地下水流模型的参数进行识别校正和敏感性分析,采用有限差分数值模拟方法,评价矿体-400、-500、-600m共3个开采水平的矿坑开采涌水量。计算结果表明,数值模拟技术可以系统地描述矿区地下水系统,评价涌水量的主要来源,并对后期矿产开采和水量的优化配置具有指导意义。

云南广南县老寨湾金矿露天开采矿坑水量预测

广南县老寨湾金矿为一大型露天开采金矿山,矿床水文地质条件属大气降雨落入矿坑的简单类型。矿坑水可以自流排泄,直接充水含水层富水性弱,主要充水水源是大气降水。采用“大气降水地表径流系数法”预测正常降雨量时,流入北东采坑水量为1499m^(3)/日,流入北西采坑水量为1327m^(3)/日。预估了10年一遇,20年一遇,50年一遇特大暴雨时流入采坑的水量。为矿山排水设计提供参考。

数值模型在地下水管理中的应用

为进一步推动模拟工作,并使模拟尽可能标准化和规范化,介绍国际上认可的建立模型的步骤、方法以及常用的模拟软件。引用作者在国外所做的两个实例,对建立模型的步骤、方法以及模型标定方法和标定结果作了具体的介绍。国内应鼓励使用已有的国际标准化模拟软件,进一步提高建模的专门知识和技巧。数值模型是真实世界的一个数学表达,对模型的产出应有一个现实的看法和专业的理解。模型建立前,应对现场数据作详细的专业分析,以确保概念模型的正确。在模型的建设中,应把注意力放在如何使模型在水文地质和物理过程方面去逼近真实世界。模型中采用的计算条件或方法都应有水文地质依据作支持,而不能仅仅为了逼近实测数据而随意地加入无依据的计算条件,这样的模型是不可靠的,其结果将是无实际意义的或是误导的。

云南姚安井2009年10月后水位下降的成因分析

地下水动态的异常变化既有可能是地震前兆异常信息,也有可能是某种环境干扰所引起,如降雨和地下水开采等.如何及时识别并排除环境干扰,对于成功判定地震前兆异常至关重要.云南姚安井水位于2009年10月后出现了下降趋势的异常变化,截止2011年底,最大下降幅度达3m.为分析该井水位异常变化的形成原因,依据姚安井水文地质环境特征,建立了相关的数学物理模型,定量分析了降水量和地下水开采量对该井水位的影响.分析结果表明,姚安井2009年后出现的水位大幅下降可能与区域降水量减小导致的地下水开采活动增强有一定的相关性.文中所采取的异常识别与分析方法,对今后地下水动态异常识别及前兆信息判定工作具有一定的借鉴意义.

天镇县杏园窑沟水源置换工程供水能力分析

根据水文地质条件和抽水试验资料,选取多种方法公式计算分析,确定了水源地浅层含水层渗透系数。并根据地下水动态平衡,采用多种方法计算确定可开采水量,为工程设计建设提供依据。

矿井水综合利用在新河煤矿的实践

介绍了新河矿水文地质条件及矿井水补给的动力环境 ,分析和评价了所要开采的水量及水质 ,为徐州市确定 4 2万m3 /d供水规模提供了可靠的理论依据 。

Surveying on two-zone height of sublevel strip mining

The site drilling packer permeability test and TEM to the 2100 workface in Gucheng coalmine determined the two-zone height under sublevel strip mining.The conclusion considers that the lying strata deterioration law of the strip mining is similar to that of the sublevel mining.Thus, against that the actually measured data lacked, it is feasible to refer to the reservation of the waterproof coal pillar in the neighbor coalmine under sublevel situation.However, it is necessary to further launch the research on lying strata deterioration law under sublevel striping mining for the purpose of providing the right foundation for the layout of the workface not mined so far and the reservation of the waterproof coal pillar in the mining area.

Land subsidence monitoring by D-InSAR technique

Nowadays, the researches of using Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (D-InSAR) tech- nique to monitor the land subsidence are mainly on how to qualitatively analyze the subsidence areas and values, but the analysis of subsidence process and mechanism are insufficient. In order to resolve these problems, 6 scenes of ERS1/2 images captured during 1995 and 2000 in a certain place of Jiangsu province were selected to obtain the subsidence and velocities in three time segments by ''two-pass'' D- InSAR method. Then the relationships among distributions of pumping wells, exploitation quantity of groundwater, and confined water levels were studied and the subsidence mechanism was systematically analyzed. The results show that using D-InSAR technique to monitor the deformation of large area can obtain high accuracies, the disadvantages of classical observation methods can be remedied and there is a linear relationship among the velocities of land subsidence, the water level and the exploitation quantity.

Influence of mining thickness to the mechanical characteristics of gateways at FMTC faces

To make a better understanding of the mechanical characteristics of the surrounding rocks in the tailentry and headentry with different coal seam thickness at fully mechanized top-coal caving face （FMTC face）, the stress transition and displacement around the periphery of the gateways with different coal thicknesses were investigated in details by means of in situ measurement and 3-D numerical simulation. The research shows that the stresses decrease in the two spallings of the headentry and floor at goal with the increase in mining thickness. The roof pressure in the gates does not change obviously with the coal thickness, but the thicker the coal seam is, the farther the maximum stress will apply to the coal rib at the working face. The vertical stress is higher than the horizontal stress at two spallings of the gate, while its horizontal stress is higher than the vertical stress at the roof. The relative displacement between the roof and floor and the two spallings in the gateways increases gradually with the increase in coal seam thickness in a definite range in front of the face. Near the mining face, the stress decreases in the surrounding rock of the gates, while the deformation appears the most intensive. It is proposed that the support concept to the tailentry and headentry should be changed from loading control to deformation control.

Study on water loss of the surface stream affected by iongwali mining

In order to study the effect of Iongwall mining on surface stream water, monitoring stations of water flow rate was established. A lot of water flowing data were collected before, during and after Iongwall mining. Based on monitoring data, the effects of Iongwall mining on surface stream water were analyzed. The results demonstrate that Iongwall mining has effects on the surface stream water; and the stream water would be lost and decrease due to Iongwall mining but never go into underground through fractured zone. Also, the mechanism of water loss due to Iongwall mining was presented. The stream water can go into the surface cracks in the intersection of stream and surface cracks, longwall mining subsidence can change the surface stream slope and the downstream water flowing status. The results also show the effects of Iongwall mining on stream water are temporary and about one or two years later, surface stream water can be recovered.

Patterns and security technologies for co-extraction of coal and gas in deep mines without entry pillars

Retaining gob-side entryways and the stability of gas drainage boreholes are two essential techniques in the co-extraction of coal and gas without entry pillars （CECGWEP）. However, retained entryways located in deep coal mines are hard to maintain, especially for constructing boreholes in confined spaces, owing to major deformations. Consequently, it is difficult to drill boreholes and maintain their stability, which therefore cannot guarantee the effectiveness of gas drainage. This paper presents three measures for conducting CECGWEP in deep mines on the basis of effective space in retained entryways for gas drainage, They are combinations of retaining roadways and face-lagging inclined boreholes, retaining roadways and face-advancing inclined boreholes, and retaining roadways and high return airway inclined boreholes. Several essential techniques are suggested to improve the maintenance of retained entryways and the stabilization of boreholes. For the particular cases considered in this study, two field trials have verified the latter two measures from the results obtained from the faces 1111（1） and 11112（1） in the Zhuji Mine. The results indicate that these models can effectively solve the problems in deep mines. The maximum gas drainage flow for a single hole can reach 8.1 m^3/min and the effective drainage distance can be extended up to 150 m or more.

Relationship between Hydrogeological Structure and Groundwater Exploitation Capacity in Aquifer of the Basin of Cai Phan Rang River, Ninh Thuan Province, Viet Nam

This article presents the results of dividing the hydrogeological structure zones in aquifer of Cai Phan Rang river basin, Ninh Thuan province, Viet Nam, and the relationship between parameters of hydrogeological structure zones with water storage capacity of hydrogeological structure. Research results divided hydrogeological structure of Cai Phan Rang River Basin into four zones, including three zones with depression bedrock and one zone with slope bedrock, and the results assessed： （1） specific discharge of exploitation well is proportional to zone area of hydrogeological structure; （2） specific discharge of exploitation well is inversely proportional to slope of bedrock surface, slope of water level in zone and area of drainage surface of hydrogeological structure zone; （3） water level fluctuation in zone is proportional to slope of bedrock surface, slope of water level in zone and inversely proportional to distribution area of zone; （4） total mineralization of water is proportional to bedrock surface slope and water level slope in zone, and inversely proportional to drainage surface area of zone and volume of structural depression. Research results are practical significance in solutions proposal to increase exploitation capacity for various water use purposes.

Effects of surface cracks on the rhizospheric microhabitat of Artemisia ordosica in subsidence area caused by coal mining

The effects of surface cracks caused by underground coal mining on microhabitat in the rhizosphere of Artem＆ia ordosias were studied based on field investigation and sample analysis. The results show that the amounts of microorganisms, enzyme activity and water content in soil vary with the biomass ofA. ordosias, and that the account exhibits in an order of large A. ordosias〉medium A. ordosias〉small A. ordosias. Surface cracks apparently decrease microbial quantities and enzymatic ac- tivities, and change the composition and structure of microbial community in the rhizosphere of A. ordosias. Surface cracks reduce water content and electrical conductivity, enhance the R/S （ratio of root and soil） of water content, electrical conductivity and pH value, and raise the content of Na and Pb in rhizosphere soil ofA. ordosicas, It can be concluded that the disturbance of underground coal mining on the microhabitat in the rhizosphere ofA. ordosica is obvious in the early days.

卧龙湖煤矿覆岩隔离注浆充填保护矿山环境采煤技术研究

卧龙湖北一采区主要回采8~#煤层,煤厚3.3 m左右,煤层倾角4°~6°,松散层厚度226 m,基岩厚度大于330 m,其中3个工作面村庄压煤总量约56万t。通过实施覆岩隔离注浆充填技术,经分析沉陷实测数据,村庄边界最大新增下沉量29 mm,最大倾斜0.2 mm/m,最大水平变形0.2 mm/m,移动变形指标均小于建筑物I级破坏指标,有效保护了地表村庄建筑物的稳定,达到了预期的控制目标。

Determining areas in an inclined coal seam floor prone to water-inrush by micro-seismic monitoring

The failure depth of the coal seam floor is one important consideration that must be kept in mind when mining is carried out above a confined aquifer.Determining the floor failure depth is the essential precondition for predicting the water-resisting ability of the floor.We have used a high-precision microseismic monitoring technique to overcome the limited amount of data available from field measurements. The failure depth of a coal seam floor,especially an inclined coal seam floor,may be more accurately estimated by monitoring the continuous,dynamic failure of the floor.The monitoring results indicate the failure depth of the coal seam floor near the workface conveyance roadway（the lower crossheading） is deeper and that the failure range is wider here compared to the coal seam floor near the return airway（the upper crossheading）.The results of micro-seismic monitoring show that the dangerous area for water-inrush from the coal seam floor may be identified.This provides an important field measurement that helps ensure safe and highly efficient mining of the inclined coal seam above the confined aquifer at the Taoyuan Coal Mine.

Experimental study of water effects on gas desorption during highpressure water injection

For the question of applying high-pressure water injection to increase gas extraction efficiency by increasing the permeability of water to drive gas action, an independently designed gas desorption experimental measuring device was used under the condition of external solution invasion. The law of water effect on gas desorption was obtained after water invasion through experiment for the first time. The results show that water＇s later invasion not only can make the quantity of gas dcsorp- tion greatly reduced, but also can make gas desorption end early. Therefore, when evaluating the applications of high-pressure water injection to increase gas extraction efficiency, we should take water damaging effects on gas desorption into account.

平落坝气田开采效果的分析

平落坝须二气藏水气变化规律明显,本文通过对该气藏存在问题的原因分析,认识了当前的开采状况和特征,阐述了目前的开采效果,并通过试验与统计,提出了最佳的开采方案。供实际生产参考。