Based on monthly mean surface air temperature （SAT） from 71 stations in northern China and NCEP/ NCAR and NOAA-CIRES （Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences） twentieth century reanalysis data...Based on monthly mean surface air temperature （SAT） from 71 stations in northern China and NCEP/ NCAR and NOAA-CIRES （Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences） twentieth century reanalysis data, the dominant modes of winter SAT over northem China were explored. The results showed that there are two modes that account for a majority of the total variance over northern China. The first mode is unanimously colder （warmer） over the whole of northern China. The second mode is characterized by a dipole structure that is colder （warmer） over Northwest China （NWC） and warmer （colder） over Northeast China （NEC）, accounting for a fairly large proportion of the total variance. The two components constituting the second mode, the individual variations of winter SAT over NWC and NEC and their respective preceding factors, were further investigated. It was found that the autumn SAT anomalies are closely linked to persistent snow cover anomalies over Eurasia, showing the delayed effects on winter climate over northern China. Specifically, the previous autumn SAT anomalies over the Lake Baikal （LB; 50-60°N, 85-120°E） and Mongolian Plateau （MP; 42-52°N, 80-120°E） regions play an important role in adjusting the variations of winter SAT over NWC and NEC, respectively. The previous autumn SAT anomaly over the MP region may exert an influence on the winter SAT over NEC through modulating the strength and location of the East Asian major trough. The previous autumn SAT over the LB region may modulate winter westerlies at the middle and high latitudes of Asia and accordingly affects the invasion of cold air and associated winter SAT over NWC.展开更多
Constantine is a big city, particular because of its site and history. But it is especially a city that currently polarizes a huge interest from public authorities, researchers, as well as citizens represented by asso...Constantine is a big city, particular because of its site and history. But it is especially a city that currently polarizes a huge interest from public authorities, researchers, as well as citizens represented by associations that are militating to safeguard and promote the city. Making Constantine ＂a regional capital, a metropolis＂ is the ambitious urban project of this city authorities. It is a prestigious project, but at the same time, a double-edged sword. With the emergence of this project, a new conception of the city and its image is induced, the one that conjures new canons of urban modernity, with the whole discourse that sustains it and indicators that materialize it. A new attitude toward the current city of Constantine has emerged, from both the authorities and citizens. The inhabitants are continuing in spite of all to invest their city and do not accept that the natural process of appropriation of space may be stopped indefinitely. The author will try to expose the conflict situationof a changing city inside numerous and varied issues, as well as stakes and challenges.展开更多
We start from a realistic half space then use to develop a mathematical asymptotic model for thermal imaging, which we analysis well suited for the design of reconstruction algorithms. We seek to reconstruct thermal a...We start from a realistic half space then use to develop a mathematical asymptotic model for thermal imaging, which we analysis well suited for the design of reconstruction algorithms. We seek to reconstruct thermal anomalies only through their rough features. With this way our proposed algorithms are stable against measurement noise and geometry perturbations. Based on rigorous asymptotic estimates, we first obtain an approximation for the temperature profile which we then use to design noniterative detection algorithms. We show on numerical simulations evidence that they are accurate and robust. Moreover, we provide a mathematical model for ultrasonic temperature imaging, which is an important technique in cancerous tissue ablation therapy.展开更多
This paper examines whether index inclusion has information content and the downward-sloping demand curve hypothesis in China. We investigate the stock price and volume effects when stocks are included in two major st...This paper examines whether index inclusion has information content and the downward-sloping demand curve hypothesis in China. We investigate the stock price and volume effects when stocks are included in two major stock indexes, the Shanghai Stock Exchange 30 Index （SH30） and the Shenzhen Component 40 Index （SZ40）. Furthermore, we also study the performance changes after index inclusion. We find significant price and volume increases for the stocks selected by the SH30 when the index was created and announced. Thus, the original inclusion may not be an information-free event. For subsequent index inclusions, we observe significant abnormal returns but not abnormal trade volume around the announcement date. However, the stock returns quickly reversed at the post-announcement period. Moreover, the financial performance of index included firms does not improve. The evidence does not support the price pressure hypothesis in China.展开更多
Interoperability is broad and complex subject being the most critical issue facing businesses that need to access information from multiple systems. The concept of unwanted interoperability can result in fault decisio...Interoperability is broad and complex subject being the most critical issue facing businesses that need to access information from multiple systems. The concept of unwanted interoperability can result in fault decision making based on counterfeit data produced by hostile interoperable system. Research in this paper is based on highway toll collection system analysis as representative of hierarchical heterogeneous systems where integration becomes more important than development due to the short time in disposal between the contract signature and implementation. Unwanted interoperability detect mechanism is presented using information collected from different information system levels.展开更多
Fully normalized associated Legendre functions(fnALFs)are a set of orthogonal basis functions that are usually calculated by using the recurrence equation.This paper presented the applicability and universality of the...Fully normalized associated Legendre functions(fnALFs)are a set of orthogonal basis functions that are usually calculated by using the recurrence equation.This paper presented the applicability and universality of the standard forward column/row recurrence equation based on the isolated singular factor method and extended-range arithmetic.Isolating a singular factor is a special normalization method that can improve the universality of the standard forward row recurrence equation to a certain extent,its universality can up to degree hundreds.However,it is invalid for standard forward column recurrence equation.The extended-range arithmetic expands the double-precision number field to the quad-precision numberfield.The quad-precision numberfield can retain more significant digits in the operation process and express larger and smaller numbers.The extended-range arithmetic can significantly improve the applicability and universality of the standard forward column/row recurrence equations,its universality can up to degree several thousand.However,the quad-precision numberfield operation needs to occupy more storage space,which is why its operation speed is slow and undesirable in practical applications.In this paper,the X-number method is introduced in the standard forward row recurrence equation for thefirst time.With the use of the X-number method,fnALFs can be recursed to 4.2 billion degree by using standard forward column/row recurrence equations.展开更多
Traffic congestion has caused many detrimental effects including higher fuel consumption, more vehicle emissions, increased accidents, as well as greater tension due to uncertain travel time. In addition to delay, the...Traffic congestion has caused many detrimental effects including higher fuel consumption, more vehicle emissions, increased accidents, as well as greater tension due to uncertain travel time. In addition to delay, the variability and reliability of travel time has been of concern to motorists on their daily travel, especially during peak periods. The objective of this study is to examine freeway travel time variability and reliability under different traffic and weather conditions with the use of TRANSMIT data collected by roadside readers deployed on a 40-mile segment of the Interstate Highway 1-287 in New Jersey. Travel time variability and reliability measures including mean travel time, the 95th percentile travel time, travel time index, buffer index, and planning time index under recurring and non-recurring congestion （adverse weather） are investigated. It was found that the standard deviation of travel time increased, due to the weather condition varying from dry to rain and to snow, while the buffer index increased from 29% to 45% and to 94%.展开更多
In [1] various strange identities involving summations over partitions were proposed by using Faa di Bruno formula. In this paper, some other strange identities are got in an analogous way and a corollary is obtained ...In [1] various strange identities involving summations over partitions were proposed by using Faa di Bruno formula. In this paper, some other strange identities are got in an analogous way and a corollary is obtained by using inversion formulas of Lagrange.展开更多
Among Chinese migrant workers, there are obvious intergenerational differences between those who were born before and after the dividing line of 1980. The latter possess more human capital and have plans for their car...Among Chinese migrant workers, there are obvious intergenerational differences between those who were born before and after the dividing line of 1980. The latter possess more human capital and have plans for their careers. In seeking work they tend to rely on government and the market, and they are more concerned with their long-term development. Their job stability is often quite low. They are more subject to infringement on their rights or more prone to believe that their rights have been infringed, but have a better knowledge of labor law and are bolder in the defense of their rights. Their individual consumption level is higher than that of the pre-1980 cohort, and they have a higher proportion of Intemet users. This generation is more likely to spend their spare time in recreation and entertainment. Their evaluation of and identification with society is relatively high, but they have a weakening connection with their hometowns and are therefore more willing to give up their contracted land and switch their household registration to the cities where they work. This generation of migrant workers poses a challenge not only to enterprises＇ ideas on management, but also to the dual urbanrural social structure. Having obtained the rights to migrate to and work in the cities, migrant workers should further obtain citizenship rights on a completely equal footing with urban residents.展开更多
We prove that any abelian cover over a smooth variety is defined by some cyclic equations. From the defining equations, we compute explicitly the normalization, branch locus, ramification indices, global invariants, a...We prove that any abelian cover over a smooth variety is defined by some cyclic equations. From the defining equations, we compute explicitly the normalization, branch locus, ramification indices, global invariants, and the resolution of singularities. As an application, we construct a new algebraic surface which is the quotient of ball.展开更多
It is well-known that many Krylov solvers for linear systems,eigenvalue problems,andsingular value decomposition problems have very simple and elegant formulas for residual norms.Theseformulas not only allow us to fur...It is well-known that many Krylov solvers for linear systems,eigenvalue problems,andsingular value decomposition problems have very simple and elegant formulas for residual norms.Theseformulas not only allow us to further understand the methods theoretically but also can be usedas cheap stopping criteria without forming approximate solutions and residuals at each step beforeconvergence takes place.LSQR for large sparse linear least squares problems is based on the Lanczosbidiagonalization process and is a Krylov solver.However,there has not yet been an analogouslyelegant formula for residual norms.This paper derives such kind of formula.In addition,the authorgets some other properties of LSQR and its mathematically equivalent CGLS.展开更多
In the paper two kinds of solutions are derived for the complex Korteweg-de Vries equation, includ- ing blow-up solutions and non-singular solutions. We derive blow-up solutions from known 1-soliton solution and a dou...In the paper two kinds of solutions are derived for the complex Korteweg-de Vries equation, includ- ing blow-up solutions and non-singular solutions. We derive blow-up solutions from known 1-soliton solution and a double-pole solution. There is a complex Miura transformation between the complex Korteweg-de Vries equation and a modified Kortcweg-de Vries equation. Using the transformation, solitons, breathers and rational solutions to the com- plex Korteweg-de Vries equation are obtained from those of the modified Korteweg-de Vries equation. Dynamics of the obtained solutions are illustrated.展开更多
基金the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41375090 and 41375089)the Basic Research Fund of the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (Grant No. 2013Z002)
文摘Based on monthly mean surface air temperature （SAT） from 71 stations in northern China and NCEP/ NCAR and NOAA-CIRES （Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences） twentieth century reanalysis data, the dominant modes of winter SAT over northem China were explored. The results showed that there are two modes that account for a majority of the total variance over northern China. The first mode is unanimously colder （warmer） over the whole of northern China. The second mode is characterized by a dipole structure that is colder （warmer） over Northwest China （NWC） and warmer （colder） over Northeast China （NEC）, accounting for a fairly large proportion of the total variance. The two components constituting the second mode, the individual variations of winter SAT over NWC and NEC and their respective preceding factors, were further investigated. It was found that the autumn SAT anomalies are closely linked to persistent snow cover anomalies over Eurasia, showing the delayed effects on winter climate over northern China. Specifically, the previous autumn SAT anomalies over the Lake Baikal （LB; 50-60°N, 85-120°E） and Mongolian Plateau （MP; 42-52°N, 80-120°E） regions play an important role in adjusting the variations of winter SAT over NWC and NEC, respectively. The previous autumn SAT anomaly over the MP region may exert an influence on the winter SAT over NEC through modulating the strength and location of the East Asian major trough. The previous autumn SAT over the LB region may modulate winter westerlies at the middle and high latitudes of Asia and accordingly affects the invasion of cold air and associated winter SAT over NWC.
文摘Constantine is a big city, particular because of its site and history. But it is especially a city that currently polarizes a huge interest from public authorities, researchers, as well as citizens represented by associations that are militating to safeguard and promote the city. Making Constantine ＂a regional capital, a metropolis＂ is the ambitious urban project of this city authorities. It is a prestigious project, but at the same time, a double-edged sword. With the emergence of this project, a new conception of the city and its image is induced, the one that conjures new canons of urban modernity, with the whole discourse that sustains it and indicators that materialize it. A new attitude toward the current city of Constantine has emerged, from both the authorities and citizens. The inhabitants are continuing in spite of all to invest their city and do not accept that the natural process of appropriation of space may be stopped indefinitely. The author will try to expose the conflict situationof a changing city inside numerous and varied issues, as well as stakes and challenges.
基金supported by the ANR project EchoScan(AN-06-Blan-0089)the NSF grant DMS 0707421.
文摘We start from a realistic half space then use to develop a mathematical asymptotic model for thermal imaging, which we analysis well suited for the design of reconstruction algorithms. We seek to reconstruct thermal anomalies only through their rough features. With this way our proposed algorithms are stable against measurement noise and geometry perturbations. Based on rigorous asymptotic estimates, we first obtain an approximation for the temperature profile which we then use to design noniterative detection algorithms. We show on numerical simulations evidence that they are accurate and robust. Moreover, we provide a mathematical model for ultrasonic temperature imaging, which is an important technique in cancerous tissue ablation therapy.
文摘This paper examines whether index inclusion has information content and the downward-sloping demand curve hypothesis in China. We investigate the stock price and volume effects when stocks are included in two major stock indexes, the Shanghai Stock Exchange 30 Index （SH30） and the Shenzhen Component 40 Index （SZ40）. Furthermore, we also study the performance changes after index inclusion. We find significant price and volume increases for the stocks selected by the SH30 when the index was created and announced. Thus, the original inclusion may not be an information-free event. For subsequent index inclusions, we observe significant abnormal returns but not abnormal trade volume around the announcement date. However, the stock returns quickly reversed at the post-announcement period. Moreover, the financial performance of index included firms does not improve. The evidence does not support the price pressure hypothesis in China.
文摘Interoperability is broad and complex subject being the most critical issue facing businesses that need to access information from multiple systems. The concept of unwanted interoperability can result in fault decision making based on counterfeit data produced by hostile interoperable system. Research in this paper is based on highway toll collection system analysis as representative of hierarchical heterogeneous systems where integration becomes more important than development due to the short time in disposal between the contract signature and implementation. Unwanted interoperability detect mechanism is presented using information collected from different information system levels.
文摘Fully normalized associated Legendre functions(fnALFs)are a set of orthogonal basis functions that are usually calculated by using the recurrence equation.This paper presented the applicability and universality of the standard forward column/row recurrence equation based on the isolated singular factor method and extended-range arithmetic.Isolating a singular factor is a special normalization method that can improve the universality of the standard forward row recurrence equation to a certain extent,its universality can up to degree hundreds.However,it is invalid for standard forward column recurrence equation.The extended-range arithmetic expands the double-precision number field to the quad-precision numberfield.The quad-precision numberfield can retain more significant digits in the operation process and express larger and smaller numbers.The extended-range arithmetic can significantly improve the applicability and universality of the standard forward column/row recurrence equations,its universality can up to degree several thousand.However,the quad-precision numberfield operation needs to occupy more storage space,which is why its operation speed is slow and undesirable in practical applications.In this paper,the X-number method is introduced in the standard forward row recurrence equation for thefirst time.With the use of the X-number method,fnALFs can be recursed to 4.2 billion degree by using standard forward column/row recurrence equations.
文摘Traffic congestion has caused many detrimental effects including higher fuel consumption, more vehicle emissions, increased accidents, as well as greater tension due to uncertain travel time. In addition to delay, the variability and reliability of travel time has been of concern to motorists on their daily travel, especially during peak periods. The objective of this study is to examine freeway travel time variability and reliability under different traffic and weather conditions with the use of TRANSMIT data collected by roadside readers deployed on a 40-mile segment of the Interstate Highway 1-287 in New Jersey. Travel time variability and reliability measures including mean travel time, the 95th percentile travel time, travel time index, buffer index, and planning time index under recurring and non-recurring congestion （adverse weather） are investigated. It was found that the standard deviation of travel time increased, due to the weather condition varying from dry to rain and to snow, while the buffer index increased from 29% to 45% and to 94%.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (19771014)
文摘In [1] various strange identities involving summations over partitions were proposed by using Faa di Bruno formula. In this paper, some other strange identities are got in an analogous way and a corollary is obtained by using inversion formulas of Lagrange.
文摘Among Chinese migrant workers, there are obvious intergenerational differences between those who were born before and after the dividing line of 1980. The latter possess more human capital and have plans for their careers. In seeking work they tend to rely on government and the market, and they are more concerned with their long-term development. Their job stability is often quite low. They are more subject to infringement on their rights or more prone to believe that their rights have been infringed, but have a better knowledge of labor law and are bolder in the defense of their rights. Their individual consumption level is higher than that of the pre-1980 cohort, and they have a higher proportion of Intemet users. This generation is more likely to spend their spare time in recreation and entertainment. Their evaluation of and identification with society is relatively high, but they have a weakening connection with their hometowns and are therefore more willing to give up their contracted land and switch their household registration to the cities where they work. This generation of migrant workers poses a challenge not only to enterprises＇ ideas on management, but also to the dual urbanrural social structure. Having obtained the rights to migrate to and work in the cities, migrant workers should further obtain citizenship rights on a completely equal footing with urban residents.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.10731030)the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (Grant No. 11ZZ18)
文摘We prove that any abelian cover over a smooth variety is defined by some cyclic equations. From the defining equations, we compute explicitly the normalization, branch locus, ramification indices, global invariants, and the resolution of singularities. As an application, we construct a new algebraic surface which is the quotient of ball.
基金supported in part by the National Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 10771116the Doctoral Program of the Ministry of Education under Grant No. 20060003003
文摘It is well-known that many Krylov solvers for linear systems,eigenvalue problems,andsingular value decomposition problems have very simple and elegant formulas for residual norms.Theseformulas not only allow us to further understand the methods theoretically but also can be usedas cheap stopping criteria without forming approximate solutions and residuals at each step beforeconvergence takes place.LSQR for large sparse linear least squares problems is based on the Lanczosbidiagonalization process and is a Krylov solver.However,there has not yet been an analogouslyelegant formula for residual norms.This paper derives such kind of formula.In addition,the authorgets some other properties of LSQR and its mathematically equivalent CGLS.
基金Supported by the National Science Council of the Republic of China under Grant No.NSC101-2115-M-126-002the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.11371241Project of "The First-class Discipline of Universities in Shanghai"
文摘In the paper two kinds of solutions are derived for the complex Korteweg-de Vries equation, includ- ing blow-up solutions and non-singular solutions. We derive blow-up solutions from known 1-soliton solution and a double-pole solution. There is a complex Miura transformation between the complex Korteweg-de Vries equation and a modified Kortcweg-de Vries equation. Using the transformation, solitons, breathers and rational solutions to the com- plex Korteweg-de Vries equation are obtained from those of the modified Korteweg-de Vries equation. Dynamics of the obtained solutions are illustrated.
