[ Objective] The aim was to study variance type of capsule morphological characters in Platycodon grandiflorum population, and provide some theoretical basis for seeking to genetic markers which can differentiate diff...[ Objective] The aim was to study variance type of capsule morphological characters in Platycodon grandiflorum population, and provide some theoretical basis for seeking to genetic markers which can differentiate different P. grandiflorum and breeding new varieties. [ Method] According to shape morphological characters of capsule from the same population of perennial purple P. gandiflorum, seven types of distinct di- versity capsule were selected, variance analysis and multiple comparison on the length, diameter, length/diameter of the different types of capsule were carried out. [ Result] There is unicolor and bicolor, even trichrome, among main color was brown and purple. Capsule shape was main cone, furthermore, containing long roller type, spheroidicity and sphericity. [ Conclusion] P. gandiflorum capsule was divided into long form, short form and middle type from length/diameter size in perennial culture P. gandiflorum population.展开更多
Genetic diversity within and among six subpopulations of Larix decidua Mill. from two altitudinal transects of Swiss Alps was investigated using 6 enzyme systems coding for 8 loci. Globally, the mean proportion of pol...Genetic diversity within and among six subpopulations of Larix decidua Mill. from two altitudinal transects of Swiss Alps was investigated using 6 enzyme systems coding for 8 loci. Globally, the mean proportion of polymorphic loci was 22.9%, the average number of alleles per locus was 1.3, and the mean expected heterozygosity was 0.095. Only 5.8% of the genetic variation resided among populations. The mean genetic distance was 0.006. Several significant differences of gene frequencies were found between different age classes. Positive values of the species mean fixation index observed in this study suggested a considerable deficit of heterozygotes in the populations of L. decidua of Swiss Alps. At one of the sites (Arpette), the highest subpopulation in elevation gave the lowest level of genetic diversity (as evidenced by the lowest proportion of polymorphic loci and the lowest mean expected heterozygosity) and the largest value of genetic distance when compared to other subpopulations. The genetic differences between the highest subpopulation and the other ones suggest that the founder effect may be an important factor influencing genetic differentiation of L. decidua populations at Arpette transect.展开更多
Interannual variations of Pacific North Equatorial Current （NEC） transport during eastern- Pacific E1 Nifios （EP-EI Nifios） and central-Pacific E1 Nifios （CP-E1 Nifios） are investigated by composite analysis wit...Interannual variations of Pacific North Equatorial Current （NEC） transport during eastern- Pacific E1 Nifios （EP-EI Nifios） and central-Pacific E1 Nifios （CP-E1 Nifios） are investigated by composite analysis with European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast Ocean Analysis/Reanalysis System 3. During EP-E1 Nifio, NEC transport shows significant positive anomalies from the developing to decay phases, with the largest anomalies around the mature phase. During CP-EI Nifio, however, the NEC transport only shows positive anomalies before the mature phase, with much weaker anomalies than those during EP-El Nifio. The NEC transport variations are strongly associated with variations of the tropical gyre and wind forcing in the tropical North Pacific. During EP-E1 Nifio, strong westerly wind anomalies and positive wind stress curl anomalies in the tropical North Pacific induce local upward Ekman pumping and westward-propagating upwelling Rossby waves in the ocean, lowering the sea surface height and generating a cyclonic gyre anomaly in the western tropical Pacific. During CP-E1 Nifio, however, strength of the wind and associated Ekman pumping velocity are very weak. Negative sea surface height and cyclonic flow anomalies are slightly north of those during EP El Nino.展开更多
Twenty isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris were isolated from wilted chickpea plants obtained from different districts of north part of Iraq to assess variability in pathogenicity of the populations. Each is...Twenty isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris were isolated from wilted chickpea plants obtained from different districts of north part of Iraq to assess variability in pathogenicity of the populations. Each isolate was tested on 12 differential chickpea varieties. Isolates showed highly significant variation in wilt severity on the differential varieties. Based on the reaction types that induced on differential varieties, isolates were grouped into four groups, First group included isolates FocSl, FocQ7, FocQ 10, FocFI3, FocH 17 and FocHl8; the second group included isolates FocS2, FocS3, FocS4, FocQ5, FocQ8, FocQ9, FocF11, FocF12, FocFl4 and FocH19; the third group included isolates FocF15, FocHl6, FocH20; where the isolate FocQ6 was placed in the fourth group. Results showed that the percentage of genetic similarity was ranged 42% to 100% and was 42% between the first group and other groups and 72% between the three groups the rest and thus this indicate the presence of four races of the fungus which are O, 4, 5 and 1B/C, this represent the first record of these races in lraq.展开更多
文摘[ Objective] The aim was to study variance type of capsule morphological characters in Platycodon grandiflorum population, and provide some theoretical basis for seeking to genetic markers which can differentiate different P. grandiflorum and breeding new varieties. [ Method] According to shape morphological characters of capsule from the same population of perennial purple P. gandiflorum, seven types of distinct di- versity capsule were selected, variance analysis and multiple comparison on the length, diameter, length/diameter of the different types of capsule were carried out. [ Result] There is unicolor and bicolor, even trichrome, among main color was brown and purple. Capsule shape was main cone, furthermore, containing long roller type, spheroidicity and sphericity. [ Conclusion] P. gandiflorum capsule was divided into long form, short form and middle type from length/diameter size in perennial culture P. gandiflorum population.
文摘Genetic diversity within and among six subpopulations of Larix decidua Mill. from two altitudinal transects of Swiss Alps was investigated using 6 enzyme systems coding for 8 loci. Globally, the mean proportion of polymorphic loci was 22.9%, the average number of alleles per locus was 1.3, and the mean expected heterozygosity was 0.095. Only 5.8% of the genetic variation resided among populations. The mean genetic distance was 0.006. Several significant differences of gene frequencies were found between different age classes. Positive values of the species mean fixation index observed in this study suggested a considerable deficit of heterozygotes in the populations of L. decidua of Swiss Alps. At one of the sites (Arpette), the highest subpopulation in elevation gave the lowest level of genetic diversity (as evidenced by the lowest proportion of polymorphic loci and the lowest mean expected heterozygosity) and the largest value of genetic distance when compared to other subpopulations. The genetic differences between the highest subpopulation and the other ones suggest that the founder effect may be an important factor influencing genetic differentiation of L. decidua populations at Arpette transect.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(Nos.2012CB417401,2013CB956202)the Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41330963)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.201513030)
文摘Interannual variations of Pacific North Equatorial Current （NEC） transport during eastern- Pacific E1 Nifios （EP-EI Nifios） and central-Pacific E1 Nifios （CP-E1 Nifios） are investigated by composite analysis with European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast Ocean Analysis/Reanalysis System 3. During EP-E1 Nifio, NEC transport shows significant positive anomalies from the developing to decay phases, with the largest anomalies around the mature phase. During CP-EI Nifio, however, the NEC transport only shows positive anomalies before the mature phase, with much weaker anomalies than those during EP-El Nifio. The NEC transport variations are strongly associated with variations of the tropical gyre and wind forcing in the tropical North Pacific. During EP-E1 Nifio, strong westerly wind anomalies and positive wind stress curl anomalies in the tropical North Pacific induce local upward Ekman pumping and westward-propagating upwelling Rossby waves in the ocean, lowering the sea surface height and generating a cyclonic gyre anomaly in the western tropical Pacific. During CP-E1 Nifio, however, strength of the wind and associated Ekman pumping velocity are very weak. Negative sea surface height and cyclonic flow anomalies are slightly north of those during EP El Nino.
文摘Twenty isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris were isolated from wilted chickpea plants obtained from different districts of north part of Iraq to assess variability in pathogenicity of the populations. Each isolate was tested on 12 differential chickpea varieties. Isolates showed highly significant variation in wilt severity on the differential varieties. Based on the reaction types that induced on differential varieties, isolates were grouped into four groups, First group included isolates FocSl, FocQ7, FocQ 10, FocFI3, FocH 17 and FocHl8; the second group included isolates FocS2, FocS3, FocS4, FocQ5, FocQ8, FocQ9, FocF11, FocF12, FocFl4 and FocH19; the third group included isolates FocF15, FocHl6, FocH20; where the isolate FocQ6 was placed in the fourth group. Results showed that the percentage of genetic similarity was ranged 42% to 100% and was 42% between the first group and other groups and 72% between the three groups the rest and thus this indicate the presence of four races of the fungus which are O, 4, 5 and 1B/C, this represent the first record of these races in lraq.
