异地加代可以经济有效地加快育种进程。长期以来,海南省作为中国最南端省份,只在冬季用来进行育种材料的扩繁和加代,其周年可以种植农作物的自然气候和环境并未得到充分有效地利用。分子标记辅助育种与其他现代育种技术相融合,将助推南...异地加代可以经济有效地加快育种进程。长期以来,海南省作为中国最南端省份,只在冬季用来进行育种材料的扩繁和加代,其周年可以种植农作物的自然气候和环境并未得到充分有效地利用。分子标记辅助育种与其他现代育种技术相融合,将助推南繁种业从单一的繁殖加代向资源引进和评价、育种选择、纯度检测、种质交流和产权保护等在内的全产业链模式转变,实现从海南冬繁到周年育种的转变,将海南的南繁地理和生态优势转化为南繁与育种相整合的全产业链优势,加快育种进展、提高育种效率,促进种业发展。本文讨论了海南地理生态优势与南繁种业现状,南繁种业转型升级的必要性和可能性,以及所面临的挑战和机遇。实现南繁种业的转型升级有赖于异地选择观念的转变、国家相关政策的支持、分子育种平台的支撑、生物安全防控、品种保护制度的建立和完善、资源共享和交流机制的形成。数量和群体遗传、基因型和环境互作、分子设计和大数据构成了南繁种业转型升级所需的育种理论。分子设计包括宏观水平的个体设计、群体设计和物种设计,微观水平的基因设计、代谢设计和网络设计。高通量精准表现型鉴定、环境型鉴定、信息处理和网络技术、决策支撑系统等是南繁种业转型升级所需的育种平台。作为分子育种的核心支撑,现已发展了基于靶向测序-液相芯片的基因型检测(genotyping by target sequencing and liquid chip,GBTS-LC)技术,通过GenoPlexs可以实现高达5000对标记引物高度均一的多重PCR靶向扩增,而基于液态探针捕获的GenoBaits,可以获取高达40K个目标位点(每个位点包含多个SNP)。该技术具有平台广适性、标记灵活性、检测高效性、信息可加性、支撑便捷性、应用广普性,已成为分子育种中取代固相芯片的重要分子检测技术。要实现“海南育种,全国测试”,需要构建包括高效育种设施、快速育种、转基因和基因编辑技术、双单倍体育种技术、全基因组选择等在内的综合育种体系。为此,要倡导资源共享的开源育种模式,建设横跨动植物的共性方法、技术和平台,开展资源引进、监测和评价,构建种质资源指纹图谱,强化品种权保护、种子质量控制和纯度检测。希望借此推进有关南繁种业转型升级的公众讨论和政府决策,从而推进整个种业的科技进步和现代化。展开更多
Using 3-year-old culms of 8 provenances of Bambusa chungii from Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan Provinces, the indexes of wood properties, such as fiber dimensions and chemical composition were investigated and analyzed...Using 3-year-old culms of 8 provenances of Bambusa chungii from Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan Provinces, the indexes of wood properties, such as fiber dimensions and chemical composition were investigated and analyzed by the methods of Analysis of variance and correlation coefficient to reveal the geographic genetic variation situation. The results showed that there are significant differences between fiber length, fibrin and 1% NaOH extraction contents of B. chungii from 8 provenances; moreover, the fiber length and fiber length/width ratio had a decreasing change pattern with geographic variation from the south to the north in altitude (from high to low in elevation). The heritabilities for fibrin, fiber length, 1% NaOH extractive, lignin and fiber length/width ratio were 0.7, 0.84, 0.54, 0.38 and 0.13, respectively. A significant negative correlation was found between 1% NaOH extraction, benzo-alcohol extraction contents and bamboo culm yield, whereas there was a significant positive correlation between fibrin contents and bamboo wood yield. Besides, a close correlation was detected between fiber dimensions indices and bamboo growth or bamboo wood yield. Finally, three provenances with high qualities and culm yield, i.e. Huaiji, Xinyi and Guilin, were selected as superior sources based on principal component analysis.展开更多
Bark samples of Magnolis officinalis were collected from a 7-year-old trial plantation with 13 provenances in Jingning County of Zhejiang Province on June 25, 2000. The contents of magnolol and honokiol of M. officina...Bark samples of Magnolis officinalis were collected from a 7-year-old trial plantation with 13 provenances in Jingning County of Zhejiang Province on June 25, 2000. The contents of magnolol and honokiol of M. officinalis were analyzed by the method of HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatogram). The results showed that such qualitative traits as the content of magnolol, content of honokiol, total content of key phenols, and the ratio of magnolo to honokiol differ significantly between the provenances. The provenances with a sharpened leaf tip from the western part of Hubei Province has a highest content of phenols, and that with a concave leaf tip from the Lushan Mountain has a lowest content of phenols. All these four qualitative traits were genetically controlled, with a heritability between 0.8342 and 0.9871 in terms of provenance. In addition, both longitudinal and latitudinal geographical variations could be found, with longitudinal variations being dominant. As a result, 3 superior provenances from Wufeng, Enshi and Hefeng of the western part of Hubei as well as 10 high-quality individuals were selected.展开更多
文摘异地加代可以经济有效地加快育种进程。长期以来,海南省作为中国最南端省份,只在冬季用来进行育种材料的扩繁和加代,其周年可以种植农作物的自然气候和环境并未得到充分有效地利用。分子标记辅助育种与其他现代育种技术相融合,将助推南繁种业从单一的繁殖加代向资源引进和评价、育种选择、纯度检测、种质交流和产权保护等在内的全产业链模式转变,实现从海南冬繁到周年育种的转变,将海南的南繁地理和生态优势转化为南繁与育种相整合的全产业链优势,加快育种进展、提高育种效率,促进种业发展。本文讨论了海南地理生态优势与南繁种业现状,南繁种业转型升级的必要性和可能性,以及所面临的挑战和机遇。实现南繁种业的转型升级有赖于异地选择观念的转变、国家相关政策的支持、分子育种平台的支撑、生物安全防控、品种保护制度的建立和完善、资源共享和交流机制的形成。数量和群体遗传、基因型和环境互作、分子设计和大数据构成了南繁种业转型升级所需的育种理论。分子设计包括宏观水平的个体设计、群体设计和物种设计,微观水平的基因设计、代谢设计和网络设计。高通量精准表现型鉴定、环境型鉴定、信息处理和网络技术、决策支撑系统等是南繁种业转型升级所需的育种平台。作为分子育种的核心支撑,现已发展了基于靶向测序-液相芯片的基因型检测(genotyping by target sequencing and liquid chip,GBTS-LC)技术,通过GenoPlexs可以实现高达5000对标记引物高度均一的多重PCR靶向扩增,而基于液态探针捕获的GenoBaits,可以获取高达40K个目标位点(每个位点包含多个SNP)。该技术具有平台广适性、标记灵活性、检测高效性、信息可加性、支撑便捷性、应用广普性,已成为分子育种中取代固相芯片的重要分子检测技术。要实现“海南育种,全国测试”,需要构建包括高效育种设施、快速育种、转基因和基因编辑技术、双单倍体育种技术、全基因组选择等在内的综合育种体系。为此,要倡导资源共享的开源育种模式,建设横跨动植物的共性方法、技术和平台,开展资源引进、监测和评价,构建种质资源指纹图谱,强化品种权保护、种子质量控制和纯度检测。希望借此推进有关南繁种业转型升级的公众讨论和政府决策,从而推进整个种业的科技进步和现代化。
基金funded by both of the Interna-tional Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO), grant No. PD10/00. REV.2 (I,F)the National‘Tenth Five-year’Key Program of China, grant No. 2004BA506B0103
文摘Using 3-year-old culms of 8 provenances of Bambusa chungii from Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan Provinces, the indexes of wood properties, such as fiber dimensions and chemical composition were investigated and analyzed by the methods of Analysis of variance and correlation coefficient to reveal the geographic genetic variation situation. The results showed that there are significant differences between fiber length, fibrin and 1% NaOH extraction contents of B. chungii from 8 provenances; moreover, the fiber length and fiber length/width ratio had a decreasing change pattern with geographic variation from the south to the north in altitude (from high to low in elevation). The heritabilities for fibrin, fiber length, 1% NaOH extractive, lignin and fiber length/width ratio were 0.7, 0.84, 0.54, 0.38 and 0.13, respectively. A significant negative correlation was found between 1% NaOH extraction, benzo-alcohol extraction contents and bamboo culm yield, whereas there was a significant positive correlation between fibrin contents and bamboo wood yield. Besides, a close correlation was detected between fiber dimensions indices and bamboo growth or bamboo wood yield. Finally, three provenances with high qualities and culm yield, i.e. Huaiji, Xinyi and Guilin, were selected as superior sources based on principal component analysis.
文摘Bark samples of Magnolis officinalis were collected from a 7-year-old trial plantation with 13 provenances in Jingning County of Zhejiang Province on June 25, 2000. The contents of magnolol and honokiol of M. officinalis were analyzed by the method of HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatogram). The results showed that such qualitative traits as the content of magnolol, content of honokiol, total content of key phenols, and the ratio of magnolo to honokiol differ significantly between the provenances. The provenances with a sharpened leaf tip from the western part of Hubei Province has a highest content of phenols, and that with a concave leaf tip from the Lushan Mountain has a lowest content of phenols. All these four qualitative traits were genetically controlled, with a heritability between 0.8342 and 0.9871 in terms of provenance. In addition, both longitudinal and latitudinal geographical variations could be found, with longitudinal variations being dominant. As a result, 3 superior provenances from Wufeng, Enshi and Hefeng of the western part of Hubei as well as 10 high-quality individuals were selected.
