异型模压包装材料弹性模量的构成和刨花形态分析

应用现代包装材料设计理论,从微观角度研究了木质包装材料的特性,构造出了具有自主知识产权的新型木质包装材料———异型模压包装材料。定性地分析了异型模压包装材料形成后,物理和力学参数变化的本质原因,定量地给出了刨花尺寸、微米化程度、铺装状态、施胶状态等因素对异型模压包装材料弹性模量的影响。通过对理论公式进行试验验证分析,证明了异型模压包装材料性能的优越性,并对其强度的提高做出了定量的标定。

三维异型纺织复合材料的预制体织造技术及材料力学性能研究进展

近年来,三维纺织复合材料因其整体性能优异、结构丰富和净成形等特点,被广泛地应用于国防重大工程领域。其中,三维异型纺织复合材料理论研究仍远落后于应用。从三维异型纺织复合材料构件的应用出发,根据各种构件的典型特征分类归纳了三维异型纺织结构件的应用现状,总结了三维异型纺织复合材料预制体的主要织造工艺和织造装备的发展现状,并从不同的层级分析国内外对三维异型纺织复合材料的力学性能、细观结构建模、数值模拟等方面的研究进展,提出了三维异型纺织复合材料研究面临的关键问题,以期为三维异型纺织复合材料在未来的应用提供支撑。

竹塑模压异型板包装材料工艺

目的传统塑料包装透气性较差,不利于环保,为解决这些缺陷,研发一种塑料-细竹丝模压异型板件的新型外固定用包装材料,并通过实验方法确定其性能。方法首先,介绍塑料-细竹丝模压异型板件新型包装材料的特点与成型工艺;其次,通过实验对塑料-细竹丝模压异型板件包装材料制造时最佳竹塑比进行确定;最后,利用概率设计理论求解出异型板件包装材料主方向的弹性模量,并通过实验对其理论公式进行验证。结果当竹塑比值为0.150时,异型板件包装材料的各项性能较好,上异型板件包装材料单位质量的最大抗压力平均值达到4.33 kN/kg,下异型板件包装材料单位质量的最大抗压力平均值达到5.26 kN/kg。力学实验结果显示,所建立异型板件包装材料的弹性模量理论求解公式正确,且细竹丝的加入提高了原有包装材料的力学性能。结论新型包装材料具有较好的稳定性和透气性,更加环保,是传统塑料包装材料的理想换代产品。文中研究将推进我国异型板件包装材料工业化的发展,并为异型板件包装材料产业化加工设备的设计制造提供理论和实验依据。

复合材料真空辅助整体成形异型件工艺研究

目前,人们对复合材料产品性能的要求日益提高。因此,提出了采用真空辅助成形工艺整体制备复合材料异型件结构的方案,确定了异型件结构整体制作的具体过程,解决了碳纤维预浸布制作异型件结构的关键问题。试制结果表明,该工艺整体制备复合材料异型件结构是可行的,为复合材料广泛应用到高承力、高强度的异型件结构中打下了基础。

有色金属材料研究45年历程

介绍了昆明冶金研究院建院50周年来,材料研究在40余年中不断发展和完善,取得的一批成果,在红外光学材料、复合材料、精密异型材料、有色金属合金、有色金属粉末冶金等领域具备了较强研发能力,形成了有特色的一批高技术产品和高新技术产业,建立了一支年轻有朝气的科技人员队伍,为科技事业和社会经济发展做出了贡献。

用于夹紧异型材的开口夹套

介绍了夹紧异型材开口夹套的设计原理与结构特点。

四叶形催化载体材料的流体力学性质

测定了直径2.1mm四叶形结构催化剂的物理性质,得到床层空隙率为0.52,床层比表面积为1141m2?m?3。在纯气相下,四叶形颗粒床层压降与直径5.79mm的球形颗粒相当;在纯液相下,床层饱和度与直径2.7mm的球形颗粒相当;在气液逆流状态下,床层的液泛速度与尺寸为6mm×4mm×4mm(外径×内径×高)、床层空隙率为0.65的短拉西环相当。以上数据表明,新开发的四叶形催化剂是一种流体力学性质优异的新型催化材料,适用于柴油逆流加氢深度脱硫等新工艺过程。

双工位针刺机器人系统设计

针对单工位针刺成型系统中人和机器无法高效协同生产,预制体生产效率较低;现有的直线型双工位针刺机器人设备需要2个外部回转轴带动双工位参与织物针刺,系统编程难度较高,且工位切换时需要占据的空间大的问题。提出一种混合切换双工位针刺机器人系统,并开展了双工位针刺成形系统的机械结构设计、异型预制体模具和针刺工艺设计、控制系统设计、运动仿真以及预制体制备的实验验证。结果表明:系统成功实现了大尺寸异型曲面预制体的高效针刺成形,直线/旋转混合切换的双工位使得实现预制体的自动换装的同时又能保证系统空间占用量小;双工位中只有针刺工位上的外部回转轴与6关节机械臂联动,系统较为简单,编程方便;同时提高了数控回转工作台的承载力且将针刺末端执行器的布针数量增加至25针,满足了大尺寸预制体的针刺成形,并使得针刺成形效率直接提高2倍。本文系统可应用于批量化制备大尺寸异型曲面复材预制体。

异型盒包材料对卷烟含水率的影响

为研究异型盒包材料对烟支含水率的影响,建立了烟丝、卷烟纸、接装纸、硫酸纸、滤棒及盒包材料的等温吸附曲线,并通过DLP模型方程拟合水活度和含水率的相关性,验证拟合结果。根据质量守恒定律并结合DLP方程拟合结果,构建异型盒包体系内各物料含水率预测方法,开展方法的验证试验。结果表明,(1)利用DLP模型方程拟合烟丝及各烟用材料的等温吸附曲线,拟合结果的决定系数均大于0.9990,且含水率实测值与预测值平均相对误差均在5%以内,说明方程具有较高的准确性;(2)相对湿度90%环境条件下,密封度良好的异型烟包在15 d内能较好地隔绝外部环境相对湿度的影响;(3)经不同相对湿度平衡后的盒包装入相同烟支,在18 d后体系内水分可达到充分平衡;(4)根据质量守恒定律并结合DLP方程拟合结果所优化的异型盒包体系内各物料含水率的预测方法具有较高的准确性,不同含水率的异型盒包材料对烟丝、滤棒及硫酸纸造成的影响不同,说明控制异型盒包材料含水率在合理范围内,可以使成品烟支含水率满足质量要求。

异型磁体/铁电复合材料中的电致变磁导及电致变阻抗效应

利用应力变磁导与电致伸缩效应的乘积效应,设计和制备了一种新型的异型磁体/铁电复合材料,并研究了该材料的电磁耦合特性.在5kV/cm的恒定电场下,观察到接近40%的电致变磁导(电感)及相应的电致变阻抗效应存在于一个较宽的频域(50—1×105Hz)上.该电致变磁导(电感)及电致变阻抗显示了铁磁弛豫和铁电弛豫的联合效应.研究认为,该异型复合材料所显示的所有电磁耦合行为均可归因于电场诱导的材料中磁体内部应力场的变化.

Construction of Ag_3PO_4/Ag_2MoO_4 Z-scheme heterogeneous photocatalyst for the remediation of organic pollutants

Hole/electron separation and charge transfer are the key processes for enhancing the visible-light photocatalysis performance of heterogeneous photocatalytic systems.To better utilize and understand these effects,binary Ag3PO4/Ag2MoO4 hybrid materials were fabricated by a facile solution-phase reaction and characterized systematically by X-ray diffraction（XRD）,energy-dispersive spectroscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy,field-emission scanning electron microscopy and ultraviolet-visible diffuse-reflectance spectroscopy.Under visible-light illumination,a heterogeneous Ag3PO4/Ag/Ag2MoO4 photocatalyst was constructed and demonstrated enhanced photocatalytic activity and photostability compared with pristine Ag3PO4toward the remediation of the organic dye rhodamine B.The Ag3PO4/Ag2MoO4 hybrid catalyst with8%mole fraction of Ag2MoO4 exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity toward the removal of typical dye molecules,including methyl orange,methylene blue and phenol aqueous solution.Moreover,the mechanism of the photocatalytic enhancement was investigated via hole- and radical-trapping experiments,photocurrent measurements,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and XRD measurements.The XRD analysis revealed that metallic Ag nanoparticles formed initially on the surface of the Ag3PO4/Ag2MoO4 composites under visible-light illumination,leading to the generation of a Ag3PO4/Ag/Ag2MoO4 Z-scheme tandem photocatalytic system.The enhanced photocatalytic activity and stability were attributed to the formation of the Ag3PO4/Ag/Ag2MoO4Z-scheme heterojunction and surface plasmon resonance of photo-reduced Ag nanoparticles on the surface.Finally,a plasmonic Z-scheme photocatalytic mechanism was proposed.This work may provide new insights into the design and preparation of advanced visible-light photocatalytic materials and facilitate their practical application in environmental issues.

Research on 1-3 Orthogonal Anisotropic Piezoelectric Composite Material Sensors-

Piezoelectric composite material (PCM) is an important branch of modernsensor and actuator materials with wide applications in smart structures. In this paper, based onpiezoelectric ceramic, composite and experimental mechanics theories, a kind of 1-3 orthogonalanisotropic PCM (OAPCM) sensor is developed, and the sensing principle is analyzed to describesensor behaviors. In order to determine strain and stress on isotropic or orthogonal anisotropiccomponent surface, the relationships between strain and stress are established. The experimentalresearch on 1-3 OAPCM sensor is carried out in uniaxial and biaxial stress states. The results showthat 1-3 OAPCM sensors offer orthotropic properties of piezoelectricity, and sensing equations canbe used for strain or stress measurement with good accuracy.

UV-VIS-NIR-induced extraordinary H2 evolution over W_(18)O_(49)/Cd_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)S:Surface plasmon effect coupled with S-scheme charge transfer

In this work,a novel plasmon-assisted UV-vis-NIR-driven W_(18)O_(49)/Cd_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)S heterostructure photocatalyst was obtained by a facile ultrasonic-assisted electrostatic self-assembly strategy.The hybrid exhibits extraordinary H2 evolution activity of 147.7 mmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1) at room temperature due to the efficient charge separation and expanded light absorption.Our investigation shows that the unique Step-scheme(S-scheme)charge transfer and the‘hot electron’injection are both responsible for the extraordinary H2 evolution process,depending on the wavelength of the incident light.Moreover,by accelerating the surface reaction kinetics,the activity can be further elevated to 306.1 mmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1),accompanied by a high apparent quantum yield of 45.3% at 365±7.5 nm.This work provides us a potential strategy for the highly efficient conversion of the solar energy by elaborately combining a nonstoichiometric ratio plasmonic material with an appropriate active photocatalyst.

2D/2D S-scheme heterojunction with a covalent organic framework and g-C_(3)N_(4) nanosheets for highly efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution

The fabrication of S-scheme heterojunctions with fast charge transfer and good interface contacts,such as intermolecularπ–πinteractions,is a promising approach to improve photocatalytic performance.A unique two-dimensional/two-dimensional(2D/2D)S-scheme heterojunction containing TpPa-1-COF/g-C_(3)N_(4) nanosheets(denoted as TPCNNS)was developed.The established maximum interfacial interaction between TpPa-1-COF NS and g-C_(3)N_(4) NS may result in aπ–πconjugated heterointerface.Furthermore,the difference in the work functions of TpPa-1-COF and g-C_(3)N_(4) results in a large Fermi level gap,leading to upward/downward band edge bending.The spontaneous interfacial charge transfer from g-C_(3)N_(4) to TpPa-1-COF at theπ–πconjugated interface area results in the presence of a built-in electric field,according to the charge density difference analysis based on density functional theory calculations.Such an enhanced built-in electric field can efficiently drive directional charge migration via the S-scheme mechanism,which enhances charge separation and utilization.Thus,an approximately 2.8 and 5.6 times increase in the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate was recorded in TPCNNS-2(1153μmol g^(-1) h^(-1))compared to pristine TpPa-1-COF and g-C_(3)N_(4) NS,respectively,under visible light irradiation.Overall,this work opens new avenues in the fabrication of 2D/2Dπ–πconjugated S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts with highly efficient hydrogen evolution performance.

Dual transfer channels of photo-carriers in 2D/2D/2D sandwich-like ZnIn2S4/g-C_(3)N_(4)/Ti_(3)C_(2) MXene S-scheme/Schottky heterojunction for boosting photocatalytic H2 evolution

Construction of multi-channels of photo-carrier migration in photocatalysts is favor to boost conversion efficiency of solar energy by promoting the charge separation and transfer.Herein,a ternary ZnIn_(2)S_(4)/g-C_(3)N_(4)/Ti_(3)C_(2) MXene hybrid composed of S-scheme junction integrated Schottky-junction was fabricated using a simple hydrothermal approach.All the components(g-C_(3)N_(4),ZnIn_(2)S_(4) and Ti_(3)C_(2) MXene)demonstrated two-dimensional(2D)nanosheets structure,leading to the formation of a 2D/2D/2D sandwich-like structure with intimate large interface for carrier migration.Furthermore,the photogenerated carriers on the g-C_(3)N_(4) possessed dual transfer channels,including one route in S-scheme transfer mode between the g-C_(3)N_(4) and ZnIn_(2)S_(4) and the other route in Schottky-junction between g-C_(3)N_(4) and Ti_(3)C_(2) MXene.Consequently,a highly efficient carrier separation and transport was realized in the ZnIn_(2)S_(4)/g-C_(3)N_(4)/Ti_(3)C_(2) MXene heterojunction.This ternary sample exhibited wide light response from 200 to 1400 nm and excellent photocatalytic H_(2) evolution of 2452.1μmol∙g^(–1)∙h^(–1),which was 200,3,1.5 and 1.6 times of g-C_(3)N_(4),ZnIn_(2)S_(4),ZnIn_(2)S_(4)/Ti_(3)C_(2) MXene and g-C_(3)N_(4)/ZnIn_(2)S_(4) binary composites.This work offers a paradigm for the rational construction of multi-electron pathways to regulate the charge separation and migration via the introduction of dual-junctions in catalytic system.

Performance of passive and reactive profiled median barriers in traffic noise reduction

Median noise barriers, like parallel noise barriers, can be employed to reduce the impact of traffic on roadside communities via the direct propagation path. The performance of different shapes of median barriers was compared using reactive and passive surfaces and a 2D boundary element method (BEM). In the case of reactive surfaces, quadratic residue diffusers (QRDs) and primitive root diffusers (PRDs) were used on the top and stem surfaces of median barriers. To introduce passive barriers, two different absorbent materials including fibrous material and a grass surface with flow resistivity of 20 000 and 2500 kg/(s·m2), respectively, were similarly applied. The effect of thin absorptive barriers was similar at lower frequencies and better at mid and high frequencies to that of their equivalent rigid barriers. More improvement was achieved by covering the top surface of thick barriers with grass rather than with fibrous material. The performance of QRD and PRD barriers where the diffuser was located on the top surface was more frequency dependent than that of barriers coated with fibrous material. A comparison of the average A-weighted insertion loss in the thick barriers showed that the greatest improvement (2.59 dB (A)) was achieved using a barrier of 30-cm thickness covered with grass.

Complex fields in heterogeneous materials under shock:modeling, simulation and analysis

In this mini-review we summarize the progress of modeling, simulation and analysis of shock responses of heterogeneous materials in our group in recent years. The basic methodology is as below. We first decompose the problem into different scales. Construct/Choose a model according to the scale and main mechanisms working at that scale. Perform numerical simulations using the relatively mature schemes. The physical information is transferred between neighboring scales in such a way: The statistical information of results in smaller scale contributes to establishing the constitutive equation in larger one. Except for the microscopic Molecular Dynamics(MD) model, both the mesoscopic and macroscopic models can be further classified into two categories,solidic and fluidic models, respectively. The basic ideas and key techniques of the MD, material point method and discrete Boltzmann method are briefly reviewed. Among various schemes used in analyzing the complex fields and structures, the morphological analysis and the home-built software, GISO, are briefly introduced. New observations are summarized for scales from the larger to the smaller.