The genus Fuscoptilia is reviewed in this paper. Fuscoptilia hoenei Arenberger, a new synonym of Fuscoptilia sinuata (Qin & Zheng), is established. The females of Fuscoptilia sinuata (Qin & Z...The genus Fuscoptilia is reviewed in this paper. Fuscoptilia hoenei Arenberger, a new synonym of Fuscoptilia sinuata (Qin & Zheng), is established. The females of Fuscoptilia sinuata (Qin & Zheng) and Fuscoptilia jarosi Arenberger are described for the first time in science. The adults are photographed, and the male and female genital structures are figured. A key to the described species in the world is given.展开更多
Agastol (2), a new diterpene, was isolated from the roots of Agastache rugosa together with its isomer, named isoagastol (3) Their structures were established on the basis of spectral methods The structures of aga...Agastol (2), a new diterpene, was isolated from the roots of Agastache rugosa together with its isomer, named isoagastol (3) Their structures were established on the basis of spectral methods The structures of agastol (2) and isoagastol (3) was elucidated as 11,14 dihydroxy 12 methoxy 19(4→3) abeo abieta 4(18),8,11,13 tetraen 7 one and 11,14 dihydroxy 12 methoxy 19(4→3) abeo abieta 3,8,11,13 tetraen 7 one Isoagastol was isolated for the first time from natural sources展开更多
Phlebotomine sandflies （Diptera： Psychodidae） constitute a large group of flies, many of which have been described as vectors of leishmaniasis, a disease caused by Leishmania （Kinetoplastida： Trypanosomatidae） p...Phlebotomine sandflies （Diptera： Psychodidae） constitute a large group of flies, many of which have been described as vectors of leishmaniasis, a disease caused by Leishmania （Kinetoplastida： Trypanosomatidae） parasites. In Tunisia, a total of 17 species belonging to both genera Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia were described. In this work we report on an abnormality found in spermathecae of a female specimen ofPhlebotomus （Larroussius） longicuspis Nitzulescu, 1930. Sandflies were collected in SidiSaad locality, in the govemorate of Kairouan, central Tunisia, where zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis is endemic, during the June to November 2011 period, using CDC light traps. Males were washed and directly identified and females were dissected and morphologically identified using the head and the last two abdominal segments containing spermathecae and ducts. 162 flies were morphologically described. Among 33 females identified as Phlebotomus （Larroussius） longicuspis, one specimen was found abnormal and presented with three spermathecae. An additional spermathecae located in a short bifurcation on the upper extremity of one duct was found. This anomaly is for the first time described in Tunisia. Morphological abnormalities are important to report in order to avoid erroneous sandfly identification or description of new species.展开更多
Aims Leaf size and shape as objects of natural selection can play adaptive roles,and can change with the age of leaves.They can differ between sexes in dioecious species,and in most cases,females have larger leaves.Pr...Aims Leaf size and shape as objects of natural selection can play adaptive roles,and can change with the age of leaves.They can differ between sexes in dioecious species,and in most cases,females have larger leaves.Previous studies showed that sexes of Adriana tomentosa differed in their leaf lobing.In this study,we investigated whether there were other differences between sexes in leaf size,shape and ecophysiology,and if those differences were connected with adaptations and reproductive roles in the sexes of A.tomentosa.Methods Physical and chemical features of young and old leaves originating from female and male A.tomentosa plants growing in two disjunct populations in eastern Australia were measured.We determined leaf area,perimeter length,serration,circularity,aspect ratio(AR),roundness and the ecophysiological factors:specific leaf area,dry matter content,leaf moisture,relative water content,δ^(13)C,δ^(15)N isotope compositions,carbon and nitrogen contents and C:N ratio.Leaf lobing,the degree of lamina damage and the content of photosynthetic pigments were also determined.Important Findings In both populations studied,the sex of plants significantly influenced almost all parameters connected with leaf morphology such as area,perimeter length,circularity,AR and roundness.Contrary to expectations,males from both populations had a greater leaf area that was independent of leaf age.Male leaves were more lobed with a longer perimeter,but they were less elongated and less serrated.Only small differences between female and male leaves were observed for the ecophysiological factors.The degree of leaf damage differed between sexes but also with population.Differences between sexes in leaf area and shape were not compensated by measured ecophysiological factors.However,leaf area may be compensated by other ecophysiological mechanisms related to leaf morphology,because females had greater leaf serration in comparison to males despite the smaller leaf area.展开更多
Although the degree of mate competition, given extreme differences in sex ratio, explains much of the pattern of male-biased size dimorphism among diverse taxa, it fails for some species which have potential for inten...Although the degree of mate competition, given extreme differences in sex ratio, explains much of the pattern of male-biased size dimorphism among diverse taxa, it fails for some species which have potential for intense male competition for mates and yet exhibit little or no sexual size dimorphism （SSD）. This fact suggest that species with low SSD should be express the effect of evolutionary pressure in non-obvious geometrical shape promoted by sex ratio in an evolutionary time scale. To evaluate this hypothesis we used phylogenetic comparative method in a Bayesian framework to investigate the evolution of SSD and the role of sex ratio at inter-specific level in the species of Ceroglossus （Coleoptera： Carabidae）. In our results the proportion farthest from 1：1 is associated with more disparate body shape, even though the entire group has minimum variation in sex ratio, which is an intrinsic life history character of this group considering its phylogenetic conservatism or phylogenetic signal. We suggest that the sex ratio has determined the dimorphism degree during evolution of this group, since both traits have increased or decreased together during the species divergence （i.e. positive phylogenetic correlation： r2=0.85）. We suggest that morphological studies of SSD will benefit from using comparative method with Bayesian approaches to assess the effect of phylogenetic history and its uncertainty. Finally, this will be allow to researchers to quantify the uncertainty of specific evolutionary hypotheses accounting for observed sexual dimorphism patterns.展开更多
基金pported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30270181)
文摘The genus Fuscoptilia is reviewed in this paper. Fuscoptilia hoenei Arenberger, a new synonym of Fuscoptilia sinuata (Qin & Zheng), is established. The females of Fuscoptilia sinuata (Qin & Zheng) and Fuscoptilia jarosi Arenberger are described for the first time in science. The adults are photographed, and the male and female genital structures are figured. A key to the described species in the world is given.
文摘Agastol (2), a new diterpene, was isolated from the roots of Agastache rugosa together with its isomer, named isoagastol (3) Their structures were established on the basis of spectral methods The structures of agastol (2) and isoagastol (3) was elucidated as 11,14 dihydroxy 12 methoxy 19(4→3) abeo abieta 4(18),8,11,13 tetraen 7 one and 11,14 dihydroxy 12 methoxy 19(4→3) abeo abieta 3,8,11,13 tetraen 7 one Isoagastol was isolated for the first time from natural sources
文摘Phlebotomine sandflies （Diptera： Psychodidae） constitute a large group of flies, many of which have been described as vectors of leishmaniasis, a disease caused by Leishmania （Kinetoplastida： Trypanosomatidae） parasites. In Tunisia, a total of 17 species belonging to both genera Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia were described. In this work we report on an abnormality found in spermathecae of a female specimen ofPhlebotomus （Larroussius） longicuspis Nitzulescu, 1930. Sandflies were collected in SidiSaad locality, in the govemorate of Kairouan, central Tunisia, where zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis is endemic, during the June to November 2011 period, using CDC light traps. Males were washed and directly identified and females were dissected and morphologically identified using the head and the last two abdominal segments containing spermathecae and ducts. 162 flies were morphologically described. Among 33 females identified as Phlebotomus （Larroussius） longicuspis, one specimen was found abnormal and presented with three spermathecae. An additional spermathecae located in a short bifurcation on the upper extremity of one duct was found. This anomaly is for the first time described in Tunisia. Morphological abnormalities are important to report in order to avoid erroneous sandfly identification or description of new species.
基金supported by the Department of Education and Training,Australian Government(Endeavour Research Fellowship,2017 to M.R.),the University of New England in Armidale,Australia and the Institute of Dendrology,Polish Academy of Sciences,Poland.
文摘Aims Leaf size and shape as objects of natural selection can play adaptive roles,and can change with the age of leaves.They can differ between sexes in dioecious species,and in most cases,females have larger leaves.Previous studies showed that sexes of Adriana tomentosa differed in their leaf lobing.In this study,we investigated whether there were other differences between sexes in leaf size,shape and ecophysiology,and if those differences were connected with adaptations and reproductive roles in the sexes of A.tomentosa.Methods Physical and chemical features of young and old leaves originating from female and male A.tomentosa plants growing in two disjunct populations in eastern Australia were measured.We determined leaf area,perimeter length,serration,circularity,aspect ratio(AR),roundness and the ecophysiological factors:specific leaf area,dry matter content,leaf moisture,relative water content,δ^(13)C,δ^(15)N isotope compositions,carbon and nitrogen contents and C:N ratio.Leaf lobing,the degree of lamina damage and the content of photosynthetic pigments were also determined.Important Findings In both populations studied,the sex of plants significantly influenced almost all parameters connected with leaf morphology such as area,perimeter length,circularity,AR and roundness.Contrary to expectations,males from both populations had a greater leaf area that was independent of leaf age.Male leaves were more lobed with a longer perimeter,but they were less elongated and less serrated.Only small differences between female and male leaves were observed for the ecophysiological factors.The degree of leaf damage differed between sexes but also with population.Differences between sexes in leaf area and shape were not compensated by measured ecophysiological factors.However,leaf area may be compensated by other ecophysiological mechanisms related to leaf morphology,because females had greater leaf serration in comparison to males despite the smaller leaf area.
文摘Although the degree of mate competition, given extreme differences in sex ratio, explains much of the pattern of male-biased size dimorphism among diverse taxa, it fails for some species which have potential for intense male competition for mates and yet exhibit little or no sexual size dimorphism （SSD）. This fact suggest that species with low SSD should be express the effect of evolutionary pressure in non-obvious geometrical shape promoted by sex ratio in an evolutionary time scale. To evaluate this hypothesis we used phylogenetic comparative method in a Bayesian framework to investigate the evolution of SSD and the role of sex ratio at inter-specific level in the species of Ceroglossus （Coleoptera： Carabidae）. In our results the proportion farthest from 1：1 is associated with more disparate body shape, even though the entire group has minimum variation in sex ratio, which is an intrinsic life history character of this group considering its phylogenetic conservatism or phylogenetic signal. We suggest that the sex ratio has determined the dimorphism degree during evolution of this group, since both traits have increased or decreased together during the species divergence （i.e. positive phylogenetic correlation： r2=0.85）. We suggest that morphological studies of SSD will benefit from using comparative method with Bayesian approaches to assess the effect of phylogenetic history and its uncertainty. Finally, this will be allow to researchers to quantify the uncertainty of specific evolutionary hypotheses accounting for observed sexual dimorphism patterns.
