小型电动金属切割机在金属异物环阴茎嵌顿手术中的应用

目的观察小型电动金属切割机在金属异物环阴茎嵌顿手术中的应用效果。方法对15例金属异物环阴茎嵌顿患者于硬膜外麻醉下,采用小型电动金属切割机切割、分离金属环,术后随访患者阴茎恢复情况。结果 15例阴茎嵌顿金属异物环均被顺利取下,且无明显附加损伤;随访1 a,患者阴茎勃起功能及性生活正常,阴茎无硬结,排尿正常。结论小型电动金属切割机用于金属异物环阴茎嵌顿手术中,具有简单、快捷及副损伤小等优点。

环咽区异物感58例临床观察

环咽区异物感是门诊病人常见的自觉症状,有些病人痛苦难忍,甚至疑为癌症,常就诊于各大医院,亦无明确结果。为进一步了解该病症的转归,现将58例的临床观察结果介绍如下。 1 临床资料 58例中女35例,男23例、年龄19～58岁。病人均主诉喉咽部异物感,病程2～36个月。间断性36例,持续间断减轻16例,持续性6例。均无明显进干食物障碍表现。其中伴胃溃疡、十二指肠溃疡21例,返酸、嗳气、胸骨后烧灼感15例,58例均无喉返神经、舌咽神经损伤体征。均进行间接喉镜(或纤维喉镜)检查,发现下咽部粘膜不同程度充血,无溃疡等。梨状窝无唾液潴留。

眼眶异物DR角膜缝环定位法与CT三维重建定位法临床价值评估

【目的】探讨眼眶异物数字化放射摄影(DR)角膜缝环定位法与CT三维重建定位法临床价值。【方法】回顾性分析我院2016年1月至2020年12月收治的疑为眼部异物的患者作为研究对象,拟研究数量51例。同时做眼眶异物DR角膜缝环定位法和CT三维重建定位法,统计两种方法异物检出率,分析眼部异物的定位情况。【结果】采用眼眶异物DR角膜缝环定位法能分辨眼眶内异物者38例,采用CT三维重建定位法能分辨眼眶内异物者46例,CT三维重建定位法准确率90.20%高于眼眶异物DR角膜缝环定位法准确率74.51%(P<0.05)。眼眶异物DR角膜缝环定位法能分辨出球内异物23例,CT三维重建定位法能分辨球内异物25例,其中CT三维重建定位法能分辨的球内异物最大径为(2.65±0.14)mm,低于眼眶异物DR角膜缝环定位法能分辨的球内异物直径(2.94±0.36)mm(P<0.05)。眼眶异物DR角膜缝环定位法显示异物点钟位、异物到水平面距离、异物到矢状面距离及异物到两侧角巩膜缘连线距离与CT三维重建定位法结果相比无差异(P>0.05)。采用CT三维重建定位法能比较清楚地分辨出眼内、外的40例高密度影;采用眼眶异物DR角膜缝环定位法有23例确定为眼球内高密度影,有15例高密度影无法确定是眼球内外(P<0.05)。【结论】对于眼眶内异物定位来说,CT三维重建定位法分辨率高,定位准确,能检测眼球内部细微金属颗粒,可做眼部异物定位的常规方法,同时对于少数在虹膜根部、睫状体部、悬韧带外侧部的小异物定位,需配合眼眶异物DR角膜缝环定位法来定位。

宫腔异物钳在门诊宫腔镜中的应用

目的评价宫腔异物钳在门诊宫腔镜中的应用价值。方法对于110例在我院宫腔镜门诊检查的患者,其中黏膜下肌瘤24例,内膜息肉71例,困难取环15例,诊断完成后用宫腔异物钳进行宫腔内操作治疗。结果内膜息肉及节育环均一次完成手术,顺利取出,0型≤2cm黏膜下肌瘤取出率达90%,无副反应及手术并发症,肌瘤大小对手术成功率影响有统计学差异。结论门诊宫腔镜配合宫腔异物钳,可以即查即治,值得推广。对于0型≤2cm黏膜下肌瘤者可推荐,但对于直径较大及Ⅰ、Ⅱ型肌瘤应建议宫腔镜电切术。

改进式无异物术式治疗小儿斜疝127例报告

目的:探索更合理的小儿腹股沟斜疝术式。方法:经内环无异物术式治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝127例(改进组),与常规经外环术式124例(经外环组)比较。结果:随访6个月以上,改进组术后患侧睾丸肿胀、切口疼痛发生率、术后复发率及切口欠佳率均少于经外环组。结论:经内环无异物改进术式较现代流行的经外环术式更合理。

Efficient approach to thiazolidinones via a one-pot three-component reaction involving 2-amino-1-phenylethanone hydrochloride,aldehyde and mercaptoacetic acid

A highly efficient three-component reaction has been developed for the synthesis of thiazolidinones involving the reaction of 2-amino-l-phenylethanone hydrochloride with an aromatic aldehyde and mercaptoacetic acid in the presence of diisopropylethylamine in a single pot.Critically,this reaction exhibited excellent chemoselectivity,with the nitrogen atom of the 2-amino-l-phenylethanone component reacting selectively with the aromatic aldehyde to give the corresponding Schiff base.Nucleophilic attack at the carbon of the Schiff base by the sulfur atom of mercaptoacetic,followed by a cyclocondensation reaction between the nitrogen and the carboxylic acid moiety afforded the desired thiazolidinones,which were fully characterized by spectroscopic techniques.

A Minireview of Marine Algal Virus-Coccolithoviruses

Coccolithophorid is unicellular marine microalgae with a global distribution in temperate and sub-temperate oceanic regions and has the ability to produce ＇the coccoliths＇. It is considered to be the second most productive calcifying organism on earth and becoming an important factor in the global carbonate cycle. Emiliania huxleyi is one of the only two bloom-forming coccolithophores and becomes a species crucial to the study of global biogeochemical cycles and climate modeling. Coccolithoviruse is a recently discovered group of viruses infecting the marine coceolithophorid E. huxleyi. They are a major cause of coceolithophore bloom termination, and DMSP concentration is increasing in the process of viral lysis. Phylogenetic evidences support that some genes are functional both in E. huxleyi and its virus （EhV）. Horizontal gene transfer （HGT） of multiple functionally coupled enzymes occurs in E. huxleyi and its DNA virus EhV has been confirmed, which contributes to the diversification and adaptation of plankton in the oceans and also critically regulates virus-host infection by allowing viruses to control host metabolic pathways for their repli- cation. Therefore, it is of particular interest to understand this host-virus interaction. On this issue, we have made a minireview of coeeolithoviruses focusing on the basic characteristics, phylogenesis, horizontal gene transfer and the interaction between the host and its viruses, as well as its important role in global biogeochemical cycling.

Service-Oriented Middleware for Heterogeneous Environment in Intemet of Things

A great number of sensor technologies are applied in the Intemet of Things （loT） currently and more are emerging, which rmkes the loT a heterogeneous network. This paper discusses the convergence and integration problem in IoT. A Service-Oriented Middleware for Heterogeneous Environment （SOMHE） in IoT is proposed. The purpose of the middleware is to shield the differ- ence between protocols in the sensor layers such as Radio Frequency Identification （RFID） and Zig-Bee by defining the data conversion and mapping model. A Web service interface is supplied by this middleware, thus the complexity of high level appli-cation development can be reduced greatly. The feasibility and reliability of this middleware is veri-fied by a demonstration systelTL

Importance of starting points in heterogeneous environments: interactions between two clonal plants with contrasting spatial architectures

Aims Plants can benefit from heterogeneous environments via disproportionately increasing resource harvesting in resource-rich patches.Their initial growing positions with respect to resource patches may thus have important influences on their performance and relative competitive ability.Such impacts may differ between species with contrasting spatial architectures.However,the potential influence of initial growing positions in heterogeneous environment on plant growth and competition has largely been ignored.Methods We grew the phalanx plant Carex neurocarpa and the guerrilla plant Bolboschoenus planiculmis alone or in competition in a heterogeneous environment consisting of high-and low-nutrient soil patches.In treatments without competition,one ramet of each species was grown in either a high-or a low-nutrient patch in the heterogeneous environment.In treatments with competition,a ramet of the target species was grown in either a high-or a low-nutrient patch,and a ramet of the competitor species was grown in the same patch as the target species or an adjacent patch with a different nutrient level.Important Findings Without competition C.neurocarpa produced more biomass and ramets when initially grown in a high-nutrient patch than when initially grown in a low-nutrient patch.With competition,these differences disappeared.Consequently,competitive intensity on C.neurocarpa was higher when it initially grew in a high-nutrient patch than when it initially grew in a low-nutrient patch.These impacts were independent of the initial position of its competitor.By contrast,the initial positions of B.planiculmis did not influence its growth or competitive response.Therefore,in heterogeneous environments,initial growing positions of clonal plants may influence their performance in competition-free environments and may also affect their relative competitive ability,and these effects may depend on spatial architecture of the plants.

Study ofβ-cyclodextrin differential encapsulation of essential oil components by using mixture design and NIR:Encapsulation ofα-pinene,myrcene,and 3-carene as an example

The encapsulation of essential oil components in cyclodextrins(CDs)to form inclusion complexes(ICs)is an effective strategy for improving their stability and bioaccessibility.The aim of the present study was to obtain a deeper understanding of the encapsulation behavior of multi-components inβ-CD.Guest molecules ofα-pinene,myrcene,and 3-carene,having the same molecular weight,formed ICs withβ-CD by a freeze-drying method.A simplex lattice mixture design with 28 experiments was carried out.Statistical analysis was applied to analyze the encapsulation behavior of guest components,and quantitative models of guest components in ICs were constructed by coupling with near-infrared(NIR)spectroscopy and chemometrics analysis.Besides,the molecular docking technique was used to obtain the optimal conformation and explain the binding behavior of inclusion.The results suggested that the spatial structure and ratio of guest molecules were the key factors affecting the encapsulation effect.A non-destructive and rapid NIR analytical model for the guest component in ICs could be obtained by second derivative(2nd der)pretreatment.Collectively,the encapsulation of guest components inβ-CD was differentiated,and NIR could be used as a rapid and non-destructive tool for quantitative analysis of ICs.

Differences in seed dormancy and germination in amphicarpic legumes:manifold bet-hedging in space and time

Aims Dispersal through space or time via dormancy is one of the primary processes whereby organisms can influence the environment they experience.In plants,strong evolutionary correlations are expected between the two kinds of dispersal because both are performed by the seeds and play comparable adaptive roles.In this paper,we investigated these evolutionary correlations using amphicarpic plants,which simultaneously produce aerial seeds with high spatial dispersal propensity and subterranean seeds that do not disperse.Methods We investigated the variation in dormancy and germination in aerial and subterranean seeds of two amphicarpic legumes(Vicia amphicarpa L.and Lathyrus amphicarpos L.)and two closely related homocarpic taxa(Vicia sativa L.and Lathyrus cicera L.)by estimating germination percentages following different combinations of dormancy breaking treatments(i.e.dry after-ripening,cold stratification and physical scarification).Important Findings Our results showed complex interactions between spatial and temporal dispersal.Right after dispersal,aerial seeds were more dormant than their subterranean counterparts,but this trend reversed with after-ripening,as seeds developed physical dormancy.Seeds of homocarpic plants germinated at higher percentages than those of their amphicarpic congeners and lost dormancy homogeneously with after-ripening.Conversely,amphicarpic seeds exhibited varied dormancy strategies modulated by both physiological and physical dormancy.These are expected to increase variation in emergence timing,providing multiple levels of diversifying bet-hedging.This strategy might be adaptive under highly unpredictable conditions by enabling plants to rely on historically favorable sites in good seasons without preventing spatial and temporal migration.

Effects of clonal integration on allelopathy of invasive plant Wedelia trilobata under heterogeneous light conditions

Plant invasion is one of the most serious threats to ecosystems worldwide.When invasive plants with the ability of clonal growth invading or colonizing in new habitat,their interconnected ramets may suffer from heterogeneous light.Effects of clonal integration on allelopathy of invasive plants are poorly understood under heterogeneous light conditions.To investigate the effects of clonal integration on allelopathy of invasive plant Wedelia trilobata under heterogeneous light conditions,a pot experiment was conducted by using its clonal fragments with two successive ramets.The older ramets were exposed to full light,whereas the younger ones were subjected to 20%full light.The younger ramets of each clonal fragment were adjacently grown with a target plant(one tomato seedling)in a pot.Stolon between two successive ramets was either severed or retained intact.In addition,two tomato seedlings(one as target plant)were adjacently grown in a pot as contrast.Compared with severing stolon,biomass accumulation,foliar chlorophyll and nitrogen contents,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and net photosynthetic rates of the target plants as well as their root length and activity,were significantly decreased when stolon between interconnected ramets of W.trilobata retained intact.Under heterogeneous light conditions,transportation or sharing of carbohydrate between two successive ramets enhanced allelopathy of the young ramets subjected to 20%full light treatment.It is suggested that clonal integration may be important for invasion or colonization of invasive plants with ability of clonal growth under heterogeneous light conditions.

On the extinction route of a stochastic population model under heteroclinic bifurcation

The noise-induced transition of the augmented Lotka-Volterra system is investigated under vanishingly small noise.Populations will ultimately go extinct because of intrinsic noise,and different extinction routes may occur due to the Freidlin-Wentzell large deviation theory.The relation between the most probable extinction route(MPER)and heteroclinic bifurcation is studied in this paper.The MPERs and the quasi-potentials in different regimes of parameters are analyzed in detail.Before the bifurcation,the predator goes extinct,and the prey will survive for a long time.Then,the heteroclinic bifurcation changes the MPER wherein both species go extinct.The heteroclinic cycle plays a role in transferring the most probable extinction state.Moreover,the analyses of the weak noise limit can contribute to predicting the stochastic behavior under finite small noise.Both the heteroclinic bifurcation and the rotational deterministic vector field can reduce the action necessary for the MPER.

Overcoming maladaptive plasticity through plastic compensation

Most species evolve within fluctuating environments, and have developed adaptations to meet the challenges posed by environmental heterogeneity. One such adaptation is phenotypic plasticity, or the ability of a single genotype to produce multiple environmentally-induced phenotypes. Yet, not all plasticity is adaptive. Despite the renewed interest in adaptive phenotypic plas- ticity and its consequences for evolution, much less is known about maladaptive plasticity. However, maladaptive plasticity is likely an important driver of phenotypic similarity among populations living in different environments. This paper traces four strategies for overcoming maladaptive plasticity that result in phenotypic similarity, two of which involve genetic changes （standing genetic variation, genetic compensation） and two of which do not （standing epigenetic variation, plastic compensation）. Plastic compensation is defined as adaptive plasticity overcoming maladaptive plasticity. In particular, plastic compensation may increase the likelihood of genetic compensation by facilitating population persistence. We provide key terms to disentangle these aspects of phenotypic plasticity and introduce examples to reinforce the potential importance of plastic compensation for under- standing evolutionary change

Detection of tris-(2, 3-dibromopropyl) isocyanurate as a neuronal toxicant in environmental samples using neuronal toxicity-directed analysis

Neuronal toxic pollutants in environment possess hazards to human health. It is essential to determine the causative neuronal toxicants in environmental samples. In the present study, viability of primary cultured cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs), combined with sample extraction, chemical fractionation and identification, was applied for screening acid-resistant neuronal toxic substances in environmental samples. River sediments and agricultural soils along the river near a brominated flame retardant (BFR) manufacturing plant in South China were collected to screen the key neuronal toxicants. The results indicated that the manufacturing plant was a source of neuronal toxicity risks. In the sediment and soil near the plant, one of the causative toxicants was identified as tris-(2,3-dibromopropyl) isocyanurate (TBC) using HPLC-MS/MS. In addition, an unknown chemical possibly causing significant neuronal toxicity was isolated from all the soil samples in the region.

Partitioning the effects of environmental and spatial heterogeneity on distribution of plant diversity in the Yellow River Estuary

For successful conservation and restoration of biodiversity,it is important to understand how diversity is regulated.In the ecological research community,a current topic of interest is how much of the variation in plant species richness and composition is explained by environmental variation(niche-based model),relative to spatial processes(neutral theory).The Yellow River Estuary(YRE) is a newly formed and fragile wetland ecosystem influenced by both the Yellow River and Bohai Bay.Here,we applied variance partitioning techniques to assess the relative effects of spatial and environmental variables on species richness and composition in the YRE.We also conducted a species indicator analysis to identify characteristic species for three subestuaries within the YRE.Partial redundancy analysis showed that the variations in species richness and composition were explained by both environmental and spatial factors.The majority of explained variation in species richness and composition was attributable to local environmental factors.Among the environmental variables,soil salinity made the greatest contribution to species abundance and composition.Soil salinity was the most important factor in the Diaokou subestuary,while soil moisture was the most important factor influencing species richness in the Qingshui and Chahe subestuaries.The combined effects of soil salinity and moisture determined species richness and composition in the wetlands.These results increase our understanding of the organization and assembly of estuarine plant communities.

High interfacial-energy heterostructure facilitates large-sized lithium nucleation and rapid Li+desolvation process

High interfacial energy Li^(0)-electrolyte interface contributes to larger Li^(0) nucleation embryos and a more stable interface,so the interfacial energy is essential for highly reversible Li^(0) deposition/stripping.Herein,a high interfacial-energy artificial solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)with rich LiF embedded in lithiated poly-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid(PAMPS-Li)network is designed to realize favorable Li^(0) nucleation and rapid desolvation of Li+simultaneously.The Li-F bonds in LiF(001)exhibit stronger ion-dipole interactions with Li atoms,offering higher interfacial energies.When the growth surface energy and total interfacial energy of Li^(0) are balanced,the high interfacial energy SEI with abundant LiF can promote the formation of larger Li^(0) nucleation embryos.In addition,the PAMPS-Li with immobilized anions presents weaker interaction with Li^(0) and possesses higher polymer-Li interfacial energy,and its amide and sulfonic acid groups exhibit higher binding energies with Li^(+).Therefore,PAMPS-Li can easily promote the Li+to escape from the solvent sheath and weaken the desolvation energy barrier.The highly reversible Li^(0) deposition behavior with restricted side reactions is achieved based on the synergistic modification of high interfacial energy SEI with heterostructure.Most importantly,lifespan of multi-layered Li^(0) pouch cell(330 Wh kg-1)with a low N/P ratio(1.67)is over 100 cycles,verifying its potential practical application.