[Objective] The relationship between three isomers of microcystins and environmental factors were studied in the fields.[Method] Three isomers of microcystins （MC-LR,RR and YR） from water of five sampling spots in a...[Objective] The relationship between three isomers of microcystins and environmental factors were studied in the fields.[Method] Three isomers of microcystins （MC-LR,RR and YR） from water of five sampling spots in a northern reservoir were observed for one year with High Performance Liquid Chromatography analytical method in order to study the relationship between three isomers and environmental factors.[Result] The three isomers of microcystins showed positive correlation with chlorophyll a;LR and YR isomers all had significant linear positive correlations with the water temperature,but the RR isomer showed no significant correlation with the water temperature;LR and YR isomers had relatively significantly correlativities with the contents of total nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen and organic nitrogen,while the RR isomer only showed a significant negative correlation with the content of nitrate nitrogen;LR and RR isomers both showed significant positive correlations with the contents of total phosphorus and organic phosphorus,while the phosphorus hardly affected the YR isomer and showed no evident correlation.[Conclusion] The relationship between three isomers of microcystins and environmental factors such as chlorophyll a,water temperature,nitrogen,phosphorus were studied and investigated the reasons,which might offered a reference for controlling the growth of blue algae in water and toxin synthesis.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the difference in the contents of gallic acid and catechins of tea resources from Yunnan Province. [Method] By using high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）, the content...[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the difference in the contents of gallic acid and catechins of tea resources from Yunnan Province. [Method] By using high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）, the contents of gallic acid （GA）, catechins （C）, epicatechin （EC）, epigallocatechin （EGC）, epicatechin gallate （ECG） and epigallocatechin gallate （EGCG） of 121 tea germplasms from the China National Germplasm Tea Repositories （CNGTR） at the Tea Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences （TRIYAAS） were measured. [Result] The content of GA ranged from 0.210% to 1.902%, with an average of 0.834%, explaining rela- tively low GA content among tea germplasms. The content of C ranged from 0.069% to 8.865%, with an average of 1.916%. The content of EC ranged from 0.126% to 2.865%, with an average of 1.112%. The content of EGC ranged from 0.00% to 3.709%, with an average of 0.954%. The content of ECG ranged from 0.739% to 8.957%, with an average of 4.063%. The content of EGCG ranged from 0.819% to 11.77%, with an average of 5.939%. The content of total C ranged from 6.354% to 22.654%, with an average of 14.042%. [Conclusion] There was relatively big difference of catechin contents among different tea resources, indicating that there was plentiful biodiversity of Yunnan tea germplasms. At the same time, three tea germplasms with high epigallocatechin gallate content （≥10%） was selected preliminarily, which would provide important materials for breeding tea cultivars with high EGCG content in the future.展开更多
Pueraria lobata ( Wild. ) Ohwi ( Ye-Ge in Chinese ) is a perennial herb ofthe genus Pueraria, which belongs to the Leguminosae family. It is commonly employed to relievefever and dysentery, promote the production of b...Pueraria lobata ( Wild. ) Ohwi ( Ye-Ge in Chinese ) is a perennial herb ofthe genus Pueraria, which belongs to the Leguminosae family. It is commonly employed to relievefever and dysentery, promote the production of body fluid, reduce stiffness and pain of the nape,and for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, e. g. hypertension, myocardial infarction, andarrhythmia. Previous phytochemical studies on P. lobata reported a number of bioactive isoflavones,e. g. daidzein, daidzin, and puerarin. Further investigation of its root has led to isolation offourteen compounds and their structures were identified as daidzein, ononin, daidzin, 3'' -methoxypuerarin, puerarin, pueroside B, daidzein-8-C-apiosyl- (1-6)-glucoside, 3''-hydroxy-puerarin,puerarinxyloside, daidzein-7, 4'' -O-glucoside, puerarin-4''-O-glucoside, mirificin-4''-O-glucoside,sissotorin, and pueroside C. Compounds 11 and 13 were isolated from the root of P. lobata for thefirst time.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to explore the heterogeneity of chlorophyll flu- orescence of Phyllostachys edulis cv. Pachyloen leaves. [Method] Using the chloro- phyll fluorescence system and fluorescence imaging syste...[Objective] This study aimed to explore the heterogeneity of chlorophyll flu- orescence of Phyllostachys edulis cv. Pachyloen leaves. [Method] Using the chloro- phyll fluorescence system and fluorescence imaging system in the Mini-IMAGING- PAM, the chlorophyll fluorescence of Phyllostachys edulis cv. Pachyloen leaves were measured and the fluorescence parameters were calculated. [Result] The homo- geneities of the maximal quantum yield of PS II （Fv/Fm） and the leaf absorptivity （Abs） were higher, with CVs （Coefficient of Variation） of 1.58%-1.68% and 1.75%- 2.12% respectively, while the heterogeneities of the actual quantum yield （Y）, non- photochemical quenching （NPQ/4）, photochemical quenching（qP） and relative photo- synthetic rate （PS/50） were higher, with CVs of 9.60%-14.23%, 10.23%-13.02%, 11.92%-13.02% and 11.15%-17.74% respectively. The trends of heterogeneity change in Y, qP and PSI50 were basically the same with transversely higher het- erogeneity at two sides and lower heterogeneity in the middle, namely with larger CVs at the edges of leaves and smaller ones around the midrib. Longitudinally, the coefficients of variation of Y, qP and PS/50 decreased gradually （from top to bot- tom）, which indicated that the heterogeneity declined from the leaf tip to the base. The trends of heterogeneity change in PS/50 and NPQ/4 were opposite. [Conclusion] The fluorescence parameters of Phyllostachys edulis cv. Pachyloen leaves revealed different heterogeneity.展开更多
Research of competitiveness of China and the United States is of great significance to enhancing China＇s economic competitiveness and achieving the objective of national rejuvenation. By creating a competitiveness fr...Research of competitiveness of China and the United States is of great significance to enhancing China＇s economic competitiveness and achieving the objective of national rejuvenation. By creating a competitiveness framework and a system of heterogeneous indicators, this paper investigates the competitiveness of China and the US in terms of current status, historic change and global environment. Our research led to the following findings： core factors determine the level of competitiveness for China and the US; the national competitiveness of both countries is evolving towards structural homogeneity; and China and the US lead most countries in many common areas. China has the potential to overtake the US in competitiveness in the future. We suggest that China increase its competitiveness by promoting its advantages, addressing its weaknesses and focusing on core areas.展开更多
基金Supported by Technical Innovation Project of Ministry of Water Conservancy(SCX2002-04)National Nature Science Foundation of China(50579015)~~
文摘[Objective] The relationship between three isomers of microcystins and environmental factors were studied in the fields.[Method] Three isomers of microcystins （MC-LR,RR and YR） from water of five sampling spots in a northern reservoir were observed for one year with High Performance Liquid Chromatography analytical method in order to study the relationship between three isomers and environmental factors.[Result] The three isomers of microcystins showed positive correlation with chlorophyll a;LR and YR isomers all had significant linear positive correlations with the water temperature,but the RR isomer showed no significant correlation with the water temperature;LR and YR isomers had relatively significantly correlativities with the contents of total nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen and organic nitrogen,while the RR isomer only showed a significant negative correlation with the content of nitrate nitrogen;LR and RR isomers both showed significant positive correlations with the contents of total phosphorus and organic phosphorus,while the phosphorus hardly affected the YR isomer and showed no evident correlation.[Conclusion] The relationship between three isomers of microcystins and environmental factors such as chlorophyll a,water temperature,nitrogen,phosphorus were studied and investigated the reasons,which might offered a reference for controlling the growth of blue algae in water and toxin synthesis.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31160175)Technology Innovation Talents Project of Yunnan Province(2011CI068)+1 种基金Special Fund for National Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System Construction(nycytx-23)Seed Preservation Project of Ministry of Agriculture(NB2012-2130135)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the difference in the contents of gallic acid and catechins of tea resources from Yunnan Province. [Method] By using high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）, the contents of gallic acid （GA）, catechins （C）, epicatechin （EC）, epigallocatechin （EGC）, epicatechin gallate （ECG） and epigallocatechin gallate （EGCG） of 121 tea germplasms from the China National Germplasm Tea Repositories （CNGTR） at the Tea Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences （TRIYAAS） were measured. [Result] The content of GA ranged from 0.210% to 1.902%, with an average of 0.834%, explaining rela- tively low GA content among tea germplasms. The content of C ranged from 0.069% to 8.865%, with an average of 1.916%. The content of EC ranged from 0.126% to 2.865%, with an average of 1.112%. The content of EGC ranged from 0.00% to 3.709%, with an average of 0.954%. The content of ECG ranged from 0.739% to 8.957%, with an average of 4.063%. The content of EGCG ranged from 0.819% to 11.77%, with an average of 5.939%. The content of total C ranged from 6.354% to 22.654%, with an average of 14.042%. [Conclusion] There was relatively big difference of catechin contents among different tea resources, indicating that there was plentiful biodiversity of Yunnan tea germplasms. At the same time, three tea germplasms with high epigallocatechin gallate content （≥10%） was selected preliminarily, which would provide important materials for breeding tea cultivars with high EGCG content in the future.
文摘Pueraria lobata ( Wild. ) Ohwi ( Ye-Ge in Chinese ) is a perennial herb ofthe genus Pueraria, which belongs to the Leguminosae family. It is commonly employed to relievefever and dysentery, promote the production of body fluid, reduce stiffness and pain of the nape,and for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, e. g. hypertension, myocardial infarction, andarrhythmia. Previous phytochemical studies on P. lobata reported a number of bioactive isoflavones,e. g. daidzein, daidzin, and puerarin. Further investigation of its root has led to isolation offourteen compounds and their structures were identified as daidzein, ononin, daidzin, 3'' -methoxypuerarin, puerarin, pueroside B, daidzein-8-C-apiosyl- (1-6)-glucoside, 3''-hydroxy-puerarin,puerarinxyloside, daidzein-7, 4'' -O-glucoside, puerarin-4''-O-glucoside, mirificin-4''-O-glucoside,sissotorin, and pueroside C. Compounds 11 and 13 were isolated from the root of P. lobata for thefirst time.
基金Supported by the Special Fund for Basic Research of International Center for Bamboo and Rattan(1632011005)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to explore the heterogeneity of chlorophyll flu- orescence of Phyllostachys edulis cv. Pachyloen leaves. [Method] Using the chloro- phyll fluorescence system and fluorescence imaging system in the Mini-IMAGING- PAM, the chlorophyll fluorescence of Phyllostachys edulis cv. Pachyloen leaves were measured and the fluorescence parameters were calculated. [Result] The homo- geneities of the maximal quantum yield of PS II （Fv/Fm） and the leaf absorptivity （Abs） were higher, with CVs （Coefficient of Variation） of 1.58%-1.68% and 1.75%- 2.12% respectively, while the heterogeneities of the actual quantum yield （Y）, non- photochemical quenching （NPQ/4）, photochemical quenching（qP） and relative photo- synthetic rate （PS/50） were higher, with CVs of 9.60%-14.23%, 10.23%-13.02%, 11.92%-13.02% and 11.15%-17.74% respectively. The trends of heterogeneity change in Y, qP and PSI50 were basically the same with transversely higher het- erogeneity at two sides and lower heterogeneity in the middle, namely with larger CVs at the edges of leaves and smaller ones around the midrib. Longitudinally, the coefficients of variation of Y, qP and PS/50 decreased gradually （from top to bot- tom）, which indicated that the heterogeneity declined from the leaf tip to the base. The trends of heterogeneity change in PS/50 and NPQ/4 were opposite. [Conclusion] The fluorescence parameters of Phyllostachys edulis cv. Pachyloen leaves revealed different heterogeneity.
文摘Research of competitiveness of China and the United States is of great significance to enhancing China＇s economic competitiveness and achieving the objective of national rejuvenation. By creating a competitiveness framework and a system of heterogeneous indicators, this paper investigates the competitiveness of China and the US in terms of current status, historic change and global environment. Our research led to the following findings： core factors determine the level of competitiveness for China and the US; the national competitiveness of both countries is evolving towards structural homogeneity; and China and the US lead most countries in many common areas. China has the potential to overtake the US in competitiveness in the future. We suggest that China increase its competitiveness by promoting its advantages, addressing its weaknesses and focusing on core areas.
