外源资金配置对区域绿色技术创新的空间异质作用研究

低碳经济发展背景下,绿色技术创新成为社会可持续发展的重要举措。本文基于我国31个省市2013—2017年外源资金配置和绿色技术创新能力相关指标,将外源资金配置分为财政资金配置和金融资金配置,并基于企业技术投入产出、人力资本等四个方面对各省市域绿色技术创新能力进行因子测度,最终运用灰色关联法分析外源资金配置对区域绿色技术创新的作用程度,这对明确绿色技术创新能力发展的着力点具有重要意义。研究表明:第一,财政资金配置方式对绿色技术创新的作用力显著,且以减免税为主的配置方式优于以政府补贴为主的配置方式。第二,金融资金配置方式中,发行股票对绿色技术创新的作用力显著优于债券发行产生的推动力。第三,基于空间角度,股票发行对东部地区绿色技术创新的作用力更加显著,金融机构贷款对长三角、珠三角地区的绿色技术创新能力的作用较小。因此,政府应加大对绿色技术创新活动的资金支持,金融机构严格把控绿色信贷的投放和使用情况,企业应审时度势地开展创新活动。

改性TiO_(2)@C异质结构建及其光电特性

在各种半导体材料中,TiO_(2)因其具有较强的分解有机污染物的氧化能力、超亲水性、化学稳定性、低成本和高反应活性等优点而成为最常用的光催化剂。然而TiO_(2)的禁带宽度较大(3.0~3.2 eV),这极大地限制了其光学吸收范围。因此,以P25为原始材料、NaBH_(4)为还原剂、甲烷(CH_(4))为碳源,通过简单的还原剂还原法和化学气相沉积(CVD)法制备了一种H-TiO_(2)@C-900复合光催化材料。研究表明H-TiO_(2)和碳层之间的异质协同作用可以有效降低光生载流子的复合速率,并明显拓宽可见光吸收范围。其中,P25经过氢化和碳化后,H-TiO_(2)@C-900的光电流达到0.51 mA/cm~2;经过4 h的可见光照射,H-TiO_(2)@C-900对染料RhB的降解效率达到82.1%,同时,H-TiO_(2)@C-900在900℃下产氢速率为0.461 mmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1)。因此,通过TiO_(2)改性制备的H-TiO_(2)@C复合材料有望在光催化领域得到更加广泛的应用。

中国城市化环境污染效应研究:城市边界拓展视角的考察

城市内部非核心区域的向外扩张构成中国在过去20多年城市化进程快速推进的一个典型特征,由此体现的城市空间格局演变使得城市化的环境污染效应变得复杂。基于我国273个地级市1999—2020年面板数据,从城市内部非建成区面积反映的城市边界区域扩张视角探讨了城市化进程的环境污染效应及其区域异质性作用规律。研究发现:城市边界扩张的环境污染效应呈U形关系,即城市边界扩张在初期有助于降低环境污染,但边界的过度扩张则显著不利于环境改善。特别地,城市边界扩张更易在我国三、四线城市和中西部区域城市呈现较为明显的环境污染效应。结合城市边界扩张的异质环境污染影响,认为我国高等级城市可以保持适度空间外拓,同时重点优化拓展空间各类功能区的布局并加强与原核心城区的整合;对城市边界扩张过快的低等级城市,需要限制其无序扩张并加强扩张区域的综合治理。针对城市边界扩展污染效应表现出的U形关系特点,认为关键是通过人-地空间耦合的增强、更严格环境规制的实施、构建城市边界拓展区域经济收益多渠道环境污染补偿机制等,降低城市边界向外扩张越过环境污染效应拐点的可能性,并减缓其越过污染效应拐点的不利影响。

3种离子交换相平衡模型在Tau/OH^-体系中的比较

在牛磺酸/氢氧根相平衡体系下,对计量置换模型、异质作用模型和改进的Langmuir模型的计算精度等特性进行了比较。采用静态法进行牛磺酸/氢氧根体系的离子交换平衡实验,测定30℃下的离子交换等温线;分别使用计量置换模型、异质作用模型和改进的Langmuir模型方程对相平衡数据进行拟合得到相关模型参数。结果表明:改进的Langmuir模型在一定牛磺酸浓度范围内可以正确地描述Tau/OH-体系的相平衡,拟合结果优于计量置换模型和异质作用模型。

ON THE DIFFERENCES OF THE NATURES OF AUPOINTS AND CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES

The acupoints and Chinese herbal medicines are quite different in their natures. In the present paper, the authors expound the differences of the natures between the acupoints and Chinese herbal medicines from a） substance carriers, b） the underlying mechanism in actions, and c） individual characteristics, etc..

Mixed Symmetry Isomeric States in Nuclei

Mixed symmetry states are studied in the framework of the neutron-proton interacting boson model. It is found that some of the mixed symmetry states with moderate high spins change very fast with respect to the Majorana interaction. Under certain conditions, they become the yrast state or yrare state. These states are difficult to decay and become very stable. This study suggests that a possible new mode of isomers may exist due to the special nature in their proton and neutron degrees of freedom.

Neighbour effects on plant biomass and its allocation for forbs growing in heterogeneous soils

Focal plants are considerably affected by their neighbouring plants,especially when growing in heterogeneous soils.A previous study on grasses demonstrated that soil heterogeneity and species composition affected plant biomass and above-and belowground allocation patterns.We now tested whether these findings were similar for forbs.Three forb species(i.e.Spartina anglica,Limonium bicolor and Suaeda glauca)were grown in pots with three levels of soil heterogeneity,created by alternatively filling resource-rich and resource-poor substrates using small,medium or large patch sizes.Species compositions were created by growing these forbs either in monocultures or in mixtures.Results showed that patch size×species composition significantly impacted shoot biomass,root biomass and total biomass of forbs at different scales.Specifically,at the pot scale,shoot biomass,root biomass and total biomass increased with increasing patch size.At the substrate scale,shoot biomass and total biomass were higher at the large patch size than at the medium patch size,both in resource-rich and resource-poor substrates.Finally,at the community scale,monocultures had more shoot biomass,root biomass and total biomass than those in the two-or three-species mixtures.These results differ from earlier findings on the responses of grasses,where shoot biomass and total biomass decreased with patch size,and more shoot biomass and total biomass were found in resource-rich than resource-poor substrates.To further elucidate the effects of soil heterogeneity on the interactions between neighbour plants,we advise to conduct longer-term experiments featuring a variety of functional groups.

Heterogeneity in supraglacial debris thickness and its role in glacier mass changes of the Mount Gongga

In the Tibetan Plateau, many glaciers have extensive covers of supraglacial debris in their ablation zones, which affects glacier response to climate change by altering ice melting and spatial patterns of mass loss. Insufficient debris thickness data make it difficult to analyze regional debris-cover effects. Maritime glaciers of the Mount Gongga have been characterized by a substantial reduction in glacier area and ice mass in recent decades. The thermal property of the debris layer estimated from remotely sensed data reveals that debris-covered glaciers are dominant in this region, on which the proportion of debris cover to total glacier area varies from 1.74% to 53.0%. Using a physically-based debris-cover effect assessment model, we found that although the presence of supraglacial debris has a significant insulating effect on heavily debris-covered glaciers, il accelerates ice melting on -10.2% of total ablation zone and produces rapid wastage of -25% of the debris-covered glaciers, leading to the similar mass losses between the debris-covered and debris-free glaciers. Widespread debris cover also facilitates the development of active terminus regions. Regional differences in debris-cover effects are apparent, highlighting the im- portance of debris cover for understanding glacier mass changes in the Tibetan Plateau and other mountain ranges around the world.

Effects of clonal integration on allelopathy of invasive plant Wedelia trilobata under heterogeneous light conditions

Plant invasion is one of the most serious threats to ecosystems worldwide.When invasive plants with the ability of clonal growth invading or colonizing in new habitat,their interconnected ramets may suffer from heterogeneous light.Effects of clonal integration on allelopathy of invasive plants are poorly understood under heterogeneous light conditions.To investigate the effects of clonal integration on allelopathy of invasive plant Wedelia trilobata under heterogeneous light conditions,a pot experiment was conducted by using its clonal fragments with two successive ramets.The older ramets were exposed to full light,whereas the younger ones were subjected to 20%full light.The younger ramets of each clonal fragment were adjacently grown with a target plant(one tomato seedling)in a pot.Stolon between two successive ramets was either severed or retained intact.In addition,two tomato seedlings(one as target plant)were adjacently grown in a pot as contrast.Compared with severing stolon,biomass accumulation,foliar chlorophyll and nitrogen contents,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and net photosynthetic rates of the target plants as well as their root length and activity,were significantly decreased when stolon between interconnected ramets of W.trilobata retained intact.Under heterogeneous light conditions,transportation or sharing of carbohydrate between two successive ramets enhanced allelopathy of the young ramets subjected to 20%full light treatment.It is suggested that clonal integration may be important for invasion or colonization of invasive plants with ability of clonal growth under heterogeneous light conditions.

Achieving highly stable Sn-based anode by a stiff encapsulation heterostructure

Rationally designed heterostructures provide attractive prospects for energy storage electrodes by combining different active materials with distinct electrochemical properties.Herein,through a phase separation strategy,a heterostructure of SnO_(2) encapsulated by amorphous Nb_(2)O_(5) is spontaneously synthesized.Insertion-type anode Nb_(2)O_(5) outer shell,playing as reaction containers and fast ionic pathways,physically inhibits the Sn atoms’migration and enhances the reaction kinetics.Moreover,strong chemical interactions are found at the SnO_(2)/Nb_(2)O_(5) interfaces,which ensure the solid encapsulation of the SnO_(2) cores even after 500 cycles.When used for lithium-ion batteries,this heterostructured anode exhibits high cycling stability with a capacity of 626 mAhg^(-1) after 1000 cycles at 2Ag^(-1)(85% capacity retention)and good rate performance with the capacity of 340 mAhg^(-1) at 8Ag^(-1).

Symmetry energy at subsaturation densities and the neutron skin thickness of ^(208)Pb

The mass-dependent symmetry energy coefficients asym（A） has been extracted by analysing the heavy nuclear mass differences reducing the uncertainties as far as possible in our previous work. Taking advantage of the obtained symmetry energy coefficient asym（A） and the density profiles obtained by switching off the Coulomb interaction in ^208Pb, we calculated the slope parameter L0.11 of the symmetry energy at the density of 0.11 fm^-3. The calculated L0.11 ranges from 40.5 MeV to 60.3 MeV. The slope parameter L0.11 of the symmetry energy at the density of 0.11 fm^-3 is also calculated directly with Skyrme interactions for nuclear matter and is found to have a fine linear relation with the neutron skin thickness of ^208spb, which is the difference of the neutron and proton rms radii of the nucleus. With the linear relation the neutron skin thickness ARnp of ^208spb is predicted to be 0.15-0.21 fm.

Effect of time-odd fields on odd-even mass differences of semi-magic nuclei

The effect of time-odd fields of Skyrme interaction on neutron odd-even mass differences is studied in the framework of axially deformed Skyrme Hartree-Fock(DSHF)+BCS model. To this end, we take into account both the time-even and time-odd fields to calculate the one-neutron and two-neutron separation energies and pairing gaps of semi-magic Ca, Ni, and Sn isotopic chains. In the calculations, a surface-type pairing interaction(IS pairing) and an isospin dependent contact pairing interaction(IS+IV pairing)are adopted on top of Skyrme interactions SLy4, SLy6 and Sk M*, respectively. We find that the time-odd fields have in general small effects on pairing gaps, but achieve better agreement with experimental data using SLy4 and Sly6 interactions, respectively.It is also shown that the calculations with IS+IV pairing reproduce the one-neutron separation energies of Sn isotopes better than those with the IS pairing interaction when the contributions of the time-odd fields are included.

Interface engineering of heterostructured electrocatalysts towards efficient alkaline hydrogen electrocatalysis

Boosting the alkaline hydrogen evolution and oxidation reaction(HER/HOR)kinetics is vital to practicing the renewable hydrogen cycle in alkaline media.Recently,intensive research has demonstrated that interface engineering is of critical significance for improving the performance of heterostructured electrocatalysts particularly toward the electrochemical reactions involving multiple reaction intermediates like alkaline hydrogen electrocatalysis,and the research advances also bring substantial non-trivial fundamental insights accordingly.Herein,we review the current status of interface engineering with respect to developing efficient heterostructured electrocatalysts for alkaline HER and HOR.Two major subjects—how interface engineering promotes the reaction kinetics and what fundamental insights interface engineering has brought into alkaline HER and HOR—are discussed.Specifically,heterostructured electrocatalysts with abundant interfaces have shown substantially accelerated alkaline hydrogen electrocatalysis kinetics owing to the synergistic effect from different components,which could balance the adsorption/desorption behaviors of the intermediates at the interfaces.Meanwhile,interface engineering can effectively tune the electronic structures of the active sites via electronic interaction,interfacial bonding,and lattice strain,which would appropriately optimize the binding energy of targeted intermediates like hydrogen.Furthermore,the confinement effect is critical for delivering high durability by sustaining high density of active sites.At last,our own perspectives on the challenges and opportunities toward developing efficient heterostructured electrocatalysts for alkaline hydrogen electrocatalysis are provided.

Contracted interlayer distance in graphene/sapphire heterostructure

Direct growth of graphene on insulators is expected to yield significant improvements in performance of graphene-based electronic and spintronic devices. In this study, we successfully reveal the atomic arrangement and electronic properties of a coherent heterostructure of single-layer graphene and α-Al2O3（0001）. The analysis of the atomic arrangement of single-layer graphene on α-Al2O3（0001） revealed an apparentcontradiction. The in-plane analysis shows that single-layer graphene grows not in a single-crystalline epitaxial manner, but rather in polycrystalline form, with two strongly pronounced preferred orientations. This suggests relatively weak interfacial interactions are operative. However, we demonstrate that unusually strong physical interactions between graphene and α-Al2O3（0001） exist, as evidenced by the small separation between the graphene and the α-Al2O3（0001） surface. The interfacial interaction is shown to be dominated by the electrostatic forces involved in the graphene n-system and the unsaturated electrons of the topmost O layer of α-Al2O3（0001）, rather than the van der Waals interactions. Such features causes graphene hole doping and enable the graphene to slide on the α-Al2O3（0001） surface with only a small energy barrier despite the strong interfacial interactions.

Identification of neuron-related genes for cell therapy of neurological disorders by network analysis

Bone mesenchymal stem cells（BMSCs） differentiated into neurons have been widely proposed for use in cell therapy of many neurological disorders. It is therefore important to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying this differentiation. We screened differentially expressed genes between immature neural tissues and untreated BMSCs to identify the genes responsible for neuronal differentiation from BMSCs. GSE68243 gene microarray data of rat BMSCs and GSE18860 gene microarray data of rat neurons were received from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Transcriptome Analysis Console software showed that 1248 genes were up-regulated and 1273 were down-regulated in neurons compared with BMSCs. Gene Ontology functional enrichment, protein-protein interaction networks, functional modules, and hub genes were analyzed using DAVID, STRING 10, BiN GO tool, and Network Analyzer software, revealing that nine hub genes, Nrcam, Sema3 a, Mapk8, Dlg4, Slit1, Creb1, Ntrk2, Cntn2, and Pax6, may play a pivotal role in neuronal differentiation from BMSCs. Seven genes, Dcx, Nrcam, Sema3 a, Cntn2, Slit1, Ephb1, and Pax6, were shown to be hub nodes within the neuronal development network, while six genes, Fgf2, Tgfβ1, Vegfa, Serpine1, Il6, and Stat1, appeared to play an important role in suppressing neuronal differentiation. However, additional studies are required to confirm these results.