“世界诗性”的潜质性与世界文论的生命性新质生成

基于笔者之前对世界文论的异质性问题的重新审视1,以及对世界文论的“融通性互补”与“世界诗性”的论述与阐释2,本文进一步聚焦思考“世界诗性”的潜质性内涵、特征及意义,以及这种“世界性潜质”在与“异质性基质”构成的合力中,对于世界文学及文论发展及其中“生命性新质”生成的规律所具有的本质性影响。本文认为,基于生命存在诗意性、超越性体验的“世界诗性”及其“诗性原点”,是潜藏于人类文化样态及知识话语深处的一种生命在体论机制、先验精神动力及终极意义。对世界文学及文论中这种世界诗性潜质的认识、把握与审思,利于增进对于人类文化与文学及文论之“空间性”世界分布格局和“时间性”历史发展的跨文化理解及实践。如果说,知识话语方面的“异质性基质”,作为一种文化架构,它标示了、决定了世界上各个具体的文学及文论活动的具体文化底色;那么,人类在生命诗意层面的共通诗性,即“世界诗性”,则一直潜藏于文学的深处,作为一种“世界性潜质”,为世界上自古至今、自东而西所有的文学及文论活动提供了一种共同的对文化时间和文化空间的超越性,正是这种超越性赋予了文学生成、生长和文学不灭的独有的内在势能。世界文学及文论向着未来的无限的演进发展,实质是一种“生命性新质”的生成过程,它正是受孕于新的社会及生命体验环境中异质性文化基质和世界诗性潜质的交互作用,并蕴含了异质性文化基质和世界诗性潜质的新的可能性和无限的开放性;本质上是对人类共同(共通)的“世界诗性”及其“诗性原点”的回望、追溯与唤醒,是这“世界诗性”潜质对具体文化“自我”所受限的知识话语格局之传统基质的不断突破和超越;其演进发展规律正存在于一种内在的三方关系——即人类不同民族—语言性文化模子中各个具体的文学及文论“自我”样态基于在不断更新的社会及生命体验环境下的鲜活实践中的不断变化发展,与该“自我”样态自身中一直潜藏着的“世界诗性潜质”,与该“自我”样态世代承继下来的“异质性文化基质”,这三者之间的三角关系中。

小尺度干扰与资源总量对植物多样性的影响研究

通过小尺度干扰对森林植物多样性影响的田间实验及连续 3次的观测分析 ,探讨干扰与资源总量对植物多样性的影响规律 .结果表明 :人为小尺度干扰提高植物生长初期的丰富度、均匀度和多样性指数 ;物种多样性指数与土壤中有机质等养分的含量呈正相关 .小尺度干扰和资源总量是影响局域多样性的 2个重要因子 ,小尺度干扰的影响独立于基质性质 .小尺度干扰造成的异质性对次年多样性的作用减弱 。

Clonal performance of Scirpus yagara in multiple levels of substrate heterogeneity and submergence

Aims Environmental heterogeneity affects the performance of clonal aquatic plants.Few researchers integrated two aspects of heterogeneity into the study of clonal plant ecology.The aims of the present study are to(i)test whether different substrate heterogeneity and submergence exert similar effects on plant performance and(ii)explore the foraging behaviour.Methods In this study,Scirpus yagara was subjected to multiple levels of substrate heterogeneity and submergence.Substrate treatments included one homogeneous substrate and three heterogeneous substrates(two-patch,four-patch and eight-patch).Water level treatments included 0,10 and 30 cm.Traits including ramet number,generation number,leaf number,bulb number,ramet height,culm length,rhizome length,clonal radius,spacer length,spacer thickness,total biomass,biomass of bulbs and biomass per bulb were measured.Important Findings Deeper water levels significantly reduced variables associated with growth such as ramet number,generation number,leaf number and bulb number,while substrate patchiness induced significant variations in traits such as spacer length and spacer thickness.Significant interactive effects of the two factors were found for ramet number,leaf number and spacer length.Scirpus yagara showed colonization towards the lake sediment patch in two-patch and four-patch substrates,and more structures were placed in the lake sediment patch.Especially for the two-patch substrate,all structures occupied the lake sediment patch.Two-sided intrusion was observed in the eight-patch substrate,which induced an even allocation of structures in different patches.The foraging behaviour was correlated with the patch size.