AIM: To identify factors that were related to the short term effectiveness of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage in cholangiocarcinoma patients and to evaluate the impact of palliative drainage on their surviv...AIM: To identify factors that were related to the short term effectiveness of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage in cholangiocarcinoma patients and to evaluate the impact of palliative drainage on their survival. METHODS: Seventy-four patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma who underwent percutaneous biliary drainage were enrolled in the study. The demographic and laboratory data as well as the imaging characteristics were retrospectively analyzed to correlate with the bile output and reduction rate of serum bilirubin 1 wk after drainage.RESULTS: Patients with more bile duct visualized on percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography or absence of multiple liver metastases on imaging studies had more bile output after biliary drainage [odds ratio (OR): 8.471, P = 0.010 and OR: 1.959, P = 0.022, respectively]. Patients with prolonged prothrombin time had a slow decrease in serum bilirubin (OR: 0.437, P = 0.005). The median survival time was not signif icantly different in patients with low or high bile output (75 d vs 125 d, P = 0.573) or in patients with slow or rapid reduction of serum bilirubin (88 d vs 94 d, P = 0.576). CONCLUSION: The short term effectiveness of percutaneous biliary drainage was related to patient's prothrombin time or the extent of tumor involvement. It, however, had no impact on survival.展开更多
Arctic stratospheric sudden warming(SSW) with polar vortex displacement and splitting occurred in 2008 and 2009, respectively. The temperature profiles derived from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, ...Arctic stratospheric sudden warming(SSW) with polar vortex displacement and splitting occurred in 2008 and 2009, respectively. The temperature profiles derived from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate(COSMIC) along with NCEP/NCAR reanalysis are used to investigate the gravity wave(GW) variations during these SSW events. Some phenomena are characterized and possible mechanisms are discussed. The GW variations during both types of SSW events shared some similarities. During the warming events, enhanced zonal mean GW amplitudes are detected. The enhancements of GW amplitudes first appeared at higher altitudes and then progressed downward during the major warming events. The downward progressions correspond well with the height variations of the zonal wind reversal, and the enhancements seem to occur at the same time with the wind reversal. The spatial variations of GWs showed evident correlation to the polar vortex. Generally, GWs were enhanced at the edge of the polar vortex where the background wind was strong, whereas the areas with the largest GW amplitudes did not always correspond with those with the strongest background wind. The differences during the two types of SSW are also noticeable. In the 2008 major event, the magnitudes of the zonal mean GW enhancements during the downward progression were relatively stable, whereas in the 2009 major event, a clear reduction was detected as the GW enhancement was progressing downward. Also, the recovery time of the polar vortex was longer in 2009. These differences indicate that different types of SSWs may have different impacts on the GW.展开更多
文摘AIM: To identify factors that were related to the short term effectiveness of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage in cholangiocarcinoma patients and to evaluate the impact of palliative drainage on their survival. METHODS: Seventy-four patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma who underwent percutaneous biliary drainage were enrolled in the study. The demographic and laboratory data as well as the imaging characteristics were retrospectively analyzed to correlate with the bile output and reduction rate of serum bilirubin 1 wk after drainage.RESULTS: Patients with more bile duct visualized on percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography or absence of multiple liver metastases on imaging studies had more bile output after biliary drainage [odds ratio (OR): 8.471, P = 0.010 and OR: 1.959, P = 0.022, respectively]. Patients with prolonged prothrombin time had a slow decrease in serum bilirubin (OR: 0.437, P = 0.005). The median survival time was not signif icantly different in patients with low or high bile output (75 d vs 125 d, P = 0.573) or in patients with slow or rapid reduction of serum bilirubin (88 d vs 94 d, P = 0.576). CONCLUSION: The short term effectiveness of percutaneous biliary drainage was related to patient's prothrombin time or the extent of tumor involvement. It, however, had no impact on survival.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China("973"Project)(Grant No.2012CB825605)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41221003 and 41374155)the Specialized Fund for Comprehensive Study and Evaluation of the Polar Environment(Grant No.CHINARE2014-02-03)
文摘Arctic stratospheric sudden warming(SSW) with polar vortex displacement and splitting occurred in 2008 and 2009, respectively. The temperature profiles derived from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate(COSMIC) along with NCEP/NCAR reanalysis are used to investigate the gravity wave(GW) variations during these SSW events. Some phenomena are characterized and possible mechanisms are discussed. The GW variations during both types of SSW events shared some similarities. During the warming events, enhanced zonal mean GW amplitudes are detected. The enhancements of GW amplitudes first appeared at higher altitudes and then progressed downward during the major warming events. The downward progressions correspond well with the height variations of the zonal wind reversal, and the enhancements seem to occur at the same time with the wind reversal. The spatial variations of GWs showed evident correlation to the polar vortex. Generally, GWs were enhanced at the edge of the polar vortex where the background wind was strong, whereas the areas with the largest GW amplitudes did not always correspond with those with the strongest background wind. The differences during the two types of SSW are also noticeable. In the 2008 major event, the magnitudes of the zonal mean GW enhancements during the downward progression were relatively stable, whereas in the 2009 major event, a clear reduction was detected as the GW enhancement was progressing downward. Also, the recovery time of the polar vortex was longer in 2009. These differences indicate that different types of SSWs may have different impacts on the GW.
