AIM:To evaluate the efficacy of human thrombin in the treatment of bleeding gastric and ectopic varices.METHODS:Retrospective observational study in a Tertiary Referral Centre.Between January 1999-October 2005,we iden...AIM:To evaluate the efficacy of human thrombin in the treatment of bleeding gastric and ectopic varices.METHODS:Retrospective observational study in a Tertiary Referral Centre.Between January 1999-October 2005,we identified 37 patients who were endoscopically treated with human thrombin injection therapy for bleeding gastric and ectopic varices.Patient details including age,gender and aetiology of liver disease/segmental portal hypertension were documented.The thrombin was obtained from the Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service and prepared to give a solution of 250 IU/mL which was injected via a standard injection needle.All patient case notes were reviewed and the total dose of thrombin given along with the number of endoscopy sessions was recorded.Initial haemostasis rates,rebleeding rates and mortality were catalogued along with the incidence of any immediate complications which could be attributable to the thrombin therapy.The duration of follow up was also listed.The study was conducted according to the United Kingdom research ethics guidelines.RESULTS:Thirty-seven patients were included.33 patients(89%) had thrombin(250 U/mL) for gastric varices,2(5.4%) for duodenal varices,1 for rectal varices and 1 for gastric and rectal varices.(1) Gastric varices,an average of 15.2 mL of thrombin was used per patient.Re-bleeding occurred in 4 patients(10.8%),managed in 2 by a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPSS)(one unsuccessfully who died) and in other 2 by a distal splenorenal shunt;(2) Duodenal varices(or type 2 isolated gastric varices),an average of 12.5 mL was used per patient over 2-3 endoscopy sessions.Re-bleeding occurred in one patient,which was treated by TIPSS;and(3) Rectal varices,an average of 18.3 mL was used per patient over 3 endoscopy sessions.No re-bleeding occurred in this group.CONCLUSION:Human thrombin is a safe,easy to use and effective therapeutic option to control haemorrhage from gastric and ectopic varices.展开更多
This paper focused on investigating local tensile strength of connection between steel beam flange and concrete-filled circular column tube with through diaphragm. Three specimens were designed and tested to failure, ...This paper focused on investigating local tensile strength of connection between steel beam flange and concrete-filled circular column tube with through diaphragm. Three specimens were designed and tested to failure, and the structure behavior was studied by experiment and FEM analysis. On the basis of the results obtained, an estimation for local plastic and ultimate strengths of the connections using yield line theory was attempted, which results in a good prediction.展开更多
A new type of green reactive powder concrete (GRPC) with compressive strength of 200 MPa is prepared by utilizing composite mineral admixtures, natural fine aggregates, and short and fine steel fibers. The quasi-stati...A new type of green reactive powder concrete (GRPC) with compressive strength of 200 MPa is prepared by utilizing composite mineral admixtures, natural fine aggregates, and short and fine steel fibers. The quasi-static mechanical properties (mechanical strength, toughness, fracture energy and interfacial bonding strength) of GRPC specimens, cured in three different types of regimes, are investigated. The experimental results show that the mechanical properties of the C200 GRPC made with the powder binders that is composed of 40% of Portland cement, 25% of ultra fine slag, 25% of ultra fine fly ash and 10% of silica fume are better than the others'. The corresponding compressive strength, flexural strength and fracture energy are more than 200 MPa, and 30 000 J/ m2 respectively. The dynamic tensile behavior of the C200 GRPC is also investigated through the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) according to the spalling phenomenon. The dynamic testing results demonstrate that strain rate has an important effect on the dynamic tensile behavior of GRPC. With the increase of strain rate, its peak stress and relevant strain increase. The GRPC exhibits an excellent strain ratio stiffening effect under the dynamic tensile load with high strain ratio, resulting in a significant change of the fracture pattern.展开更多
In order to provide parameters for numerical analyses of the huge Three-Gorge concrete dam (2309 m long by 175 m height), complete tensile stress-deformation curves for large-size plain concrete specimens were measure...In order to provide parameters for numerical analyses of the huge Three-Gorge concrete dam (2309 m long by 175 m height), complete tensile stress-deformation curves for large-size plain concrete specimens were measured and studied by per-forming uniaxial tensile tests on large-size unnotched specimens (250 mm×250 mm×1400 mm). The specimens were prepared with the three-graded-aggregate materials provided by the client of the Three-Gorge project. To prevent a failure occurring near the ends of the unnotched specimens, both the ends of each specimen (450 mm in length) were cast using a higher-strength concrete than the middle part (i.e., active part). Tensile tests were completed on a specially-designed tensile testing machine, which can be easily re-assembled to accommodate different-size specimens. To make the specimens fail stably, a cyclic loading scheme was adopted after the peak strength was reached. Four of five tests in this study were successful, and four complete tensile stress-deformation curves were obtained. It was found that the post-peak curve of the large-size specimens used in this study is more gradual than those for the small-size specimens reported in the literature.展开更多
Cantilever casting concrete arch bridge using form traveller has a broad application prospect.However,it is difficult to obtain reasonable initial cable force in construction stage.In this study,stress balance and inf...Cantilever casting concrete arch bridge using form traveller has a broad application prospect.However,it is difficult to obtain reasonable initial cable force in construction stage.In this study,stress balance and influence matrix methods were developed to determine the initial cable force of cantilever casting concrete arch bridge.The stress balance equation and influence matrix of arch rib critical section were established,and the buckle cable force range was determined by the allowable stress of arch rib critical section.Then a group of buckle cable forces were selected and substituted into the stress balance equation,and the reasonable initial buckle cable force was determined through iteration.Based on the principle of force balance,the initial anchor cable force was determined.In an engineering application example,it is shown that the stress balance and influence matrix methods for the determination of initial cable force are feasible and reliable.The initial cable forces of arch rib segments only need to be adjusted once in the corresponding construction process,which improves the working efficiency and reduces the construction risk.It is found that the methods have great advantages for determining initial cable force in cantilever casting construction process of concrete arch bridge.展开更多
Stress ribbon bridges have many advantages and became recently more popular mostly because of their versatile form, slender decks giving a light aesthetic impression and durability assured by post tensioned concrete. ...Stress ribbon bridges have many advantages and became recently more popular mostly because of their versatile form, slender decks giving a light aesthetic impression and durability assured by post tensioned concrete. The paper presents the first in Poland stress Ribbon Bridge constructed last year. A static and dynamic analyse of the model is presented as well as construction solutions which were used to achieve the highest durability. The bridge was checked during static and dynamic load test. The results of this prove test were compared with results obtained from examination and study of other different bridge structures. It confirmed that the bridge has good dynamic resistance and greater stiffness than assumed in the design.展开更多
After entering 2010, as main varieties patents of the global non-peptide angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARB) expire, strong growth of anti-hypertensive drug market will tend to slow down. In drugs acting on th...After entering 2010, as main varieties patents of the global non-peptide angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARB) expire, strong growth of anti-hypertensive drug market will tend to slow down. In drugs acting on the cardiovascular and blood system, antithrombotie drugs will become a new attraction on the market. Antithrombotic drugs are primarily formed by the anti-platelet aggregation, coagulation system activation of plasminogen thrombolytic drugs and the like. Antiplatelet drugs have both prevention and treatment effect, are the main category of antithrombotic drugs. According to IMS Health data, in 2008, sale of anti-thrombosis drug in global market is 180 million U.S. dollars, an increase of 16 %, while in 2009 the growth rate is only 7.95%, reaching $ 19.5 billion, growth rate of antithrombotic drugs is 7.13% in the world' s major pharmaceutical market.展开更多
文摘AIM:To evaluate the efficacy of human thrombin in the treatment of bleeding gastric and ectopic varices.METHODS:Retrospective observational study in a Tertiary Referral Centre.Between January 1999-October 2005,we identified 37 patients who were endoscopically treated with human thrombin injection therapy for bleeding gastric and ectopic varices.Patient details including age,gender and aetiology of liver disease/segmental portal hypertension were documented.The thrombin was obtained from the Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service and prepared to give a solution of 250 IU/mL which was injected via a standard injection needle.All patient case notes were reviewed and the total dose of thrombin given along with the number of endoscopy sessions was recorded.Initial haemostasis rates,rebleeding rates and mortality were catalogued along with the incidence of any immediate complications which could be attributable to the thrombin therapy.The duration of follow up was also listed.The study was conducted according to the United Kingdom research ethics guidelines.RESULTS:Thirty-seven patients were included.33 patients(89%) had thrombin(250 U/mL) for gastric varices,2(5.4%) for duodenal varices,1 for rectal varices and 1 for gastric and rectal varices.(1) Gastric varices,an average of 15.2 mL of thrombin was used per patient.Re-bleeding occurred in 4 patients(10.8%),managed in 2 by a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPSS)(one unsuccessfully who died) and in other 2 by a distal splenorenal shunt;(2) Duodenal varices(or type 2 isolated gastric varices),an average of 12.5 mL was used per patient over 2-3 endoscopy sessions.Re-bleeding occurred in one patient,which was treated by TIPSS;and(3) Rectal varices,an average of 18.3 mL was used per patient over 3 endoscopy sessions.No re-bleeding occurred in this group.CONCLUSION:Human thrombin is a safe,easy to use and effective therapeutic option to control haemorrhage from gastric and ectopic varices.
文摘This paper focused on investigating local tensile strength of connection between steel beam flange and concrete-filled circular column tube with through diaphragm. Three specimens were designed and tested to failure, and the structure behavior was studied by experiment and FEM analysis. On the basis of the results obtained, an estimation for local plastic and ultimate strengths of the connections using yield line theory was attempted, which results in a good prediction.
基金Supported by Jiangsu Province Natural Science Foundation Project (No. BK 20065)China National Military Engineering Project (No. A1420060186)
文摘A new type of green reactive powder concrete (GRPC) with compressive strength of 200 MPa is prepared by utilizing composite mineral admixtures, natural fine aggregates, and short and fine steel fibers. The quasi-static mechanical properties (mechanical strength, toughness, fracture energy and interfacial bonding strength) of GRPC specimens, cured in three different types of regimes, are investigated. The experimental results show that the mechanical properties of the C200 GRPC made with the powder binders that is composed of 40% of Portland cement, 25% of ultra fine slag, 25% of ultra fine fly ash and 10% of silica fume are better than the others'. The corresponding compressive strength, flexural strength and fracture energy are more than 200 MPa, and 30 000 J/ m2 respectively. The dynamic tensile behavior of the C200 GRPC is also investigated through the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) according to the spalling phenomenon. The dynamic testing results demonstrate that strain rate has an important effect on the dynamic tensile behavior of GRPC. With the increase of strain rate, its peak stress and relevant strain increase. The GRPC exhibits an excellent strain ratio stiffening effect under the dynamic tensile load with high strain ratio, resulting in a significant change of the fracture pattern.
文摘In order to provide parameters for numerical analyses of the huge Three-Gorge concrete dam (2309 m long by 175 m height), complete tensile stress-deformation curves for large-size plain concrete specimens were measured and studied by per-forming uniaxial tensile tests on large-size unnotched specimens (250 mm×250 mm×1400 mm). The specimens were prepared with the three-graded-aggregate materials provided by the client of the Three-Gorge project. To prevent a failure occurring near the ends of the unnotched specimens, both the ends of each specimen (450 mm in length) were cast using a higher-strength concrete than the middle part (i.e., active part). Tensile tests were completed on a specially-designed tensile testing machine, which can be easily re-assembled to accommodate different-size specimens. To make the specimens fail stably, a cyclic loading scheme was adopted after the peak strength was reached. Four of five tests in this study were successful, and four complete tensile stress-deformation curves were obtained. It was found that the post-peak curve of the large-size specimens used in this study is more gradual than those for the small-size specimens reported in the literature.
基金Projects(51478049,51778068)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(14JJ2075,2019JJ40301)supported by the Hunan Natural Science Foundation of China+1 种基金Project(17A010)supported by the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department of ChinaProject(2017GK4034)supported by the Major Technological Achievements Transformation Program of Hunan Strategic Emerging Industries of China
文摘Cantilever casting concrete arch bridge using form traveller has a broad application prospect.However,it is difficult to obtain reasonable initial cable force in construction stage.In this study,stress balance and influence matrix methods were developed to determine the initial cable force of cantilever casting concrete arch bridge.The stress balance equation and influence matrix of arch rib critical section were established,and the buckle cable force range was determined by the allowable stress of arch rib critical section.Then a group of buckle cable forces were selected and substituted into the stress balance equation,and the reasonable initial buckle cable force was determined through iteration.Based on the principle of force balance,the initial anchor cable force was determined.In an engineering application example,it is shown that the stress balance and influence matrix methods for the determination of initial cable force are feasible and reliable.The initial cable forces of arch rib segments only need to be adjusted once in the corresponding construction process,which improves the working efficiency and reduces the construction risk.It is found that the methods have great advantages for determining initial cable force in cantilever casting construction process of concrete arch bridge.
文摘Stress ribbon bridges have many advantages and became recently more popular mostly because of their versatile form, slender decks giving a light aesthetic impression and durability assured by post tensioned concrete. The paper presents the first in Poland stress Ribbon Bridge constructed last year. A static and dynamic analyse of the model is presented as well as construction solutions which were used to achieve the highest durability. The bridge was checked during static and dynamic load test. The results of this prove test were compared with results obtained from examination and study of other different bridge structures. It confirmed that the bridge has good dynamic resistance and greater stiffness than assumed in the design.
文摘After entering 2010, as main varieties patents of the global non-peptide angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARB) expire, strong growth of anti-hypertensive drug market will tend to slow down. In drugs acting on the cardiovascular and blood system, antithrombotie drugs will become a new attraction on the market. Antithrombotic drugs are primarily formed by the anti-platelet aggregation, coagulation system activation of plasminogen thrombolytic drugs and the like. Antiplatelet drugs have both prevention and treatment effect, are the main category of antithrombotic drugs. According to IMS Health data, in 2008, sale of anti-thrombosis drug in global market is 180 million U.S. dollars, an increase of 16 %, while in 2009 the growth rate is only 7.95%, reaching $ 19.5 billion, growth rate of antithrombotic drugs is 7.13% in the world' s major pharmaceutical market.