目的：探讨用球囊扩张和支架植入术（Carotid angioplasty and stenting，CAS）治疗高危颈动脉狭窄患者的疗效和并发症。方法：从2003年3月到2006年4月对8例高危的颈动脉狭窄患者进行CAS治疗，观察CAS的疗效和并发症。结果：对8例症状...目的：探讨用球囊扩张和支架植入术（Carotid angioplasty and stenting，CAS）治疗高危颈动脉狭窄患者的疗效和并发症。方法：从2003年3月到2006年4月对8例高危的颈动脉狭窄患者进行CAS治疗，观察CAS的疗效和并发症。结果：对8例症状性颈动脉狭窄患者的9根颈动脉进行了CAS治疗。CAS术后9根颈动脉的平均狭窄率从75．49／5显著减少到28．89／5（P〈0．001，配对t检验）。所有的患者都使用了脑保护装置。全部使用自膨式支架，其中大部分是Precise镍钛合金支架（77．8％）。术中5例患者发生了一过性心率减慢和血压下降。经过21．5±14．2（4～41）月的随访，所有患者没有再发卒中，除1例患者仍有轻度头晕外，其余患者头晕、眩晕症状全部消失。6例（75％）患者通过颈动脉超声和／或CTA随访发现支架通畅，无再狭窄。结论：采用脑保护装置的CAS是治疗高危颈动脉狭窄的安全可行的方法，但其疗效和安全性需要作进一步观察。展开更多
Axisymmetric bogus vortexes at sea level are usually used in the traditional bogus data assimilation （BDA） scheme. In the traditional scheme, the vortex could not accurately describe the specific characteristics of ...Axisymmetric bogus vortexes at sea level are usually used in the traditional bogus data assimilation （BDA） scheme. In the traditional scheme, the vortex could not accurately describe the specific characteristics of a typhoon, and the evolving real typhoon is forced to unreasonably adapt to this changeless vortex. For this reason, an asymmetrical typhoon bogus method with information blended from the analysis and the observation is put forward in this paper, in which the impact of the Subtropical High is also taken into consideration. With the fifth-generation Penn State/NCAR Mesoscale Model （MM5） and its adjoint model, a four-dimensional variational data assimilation （4D-Var） technique is employed to build a dynamic asymmetrical BDA scheme to assimilate different asymmetrical bogus vortexes at different time. The track and intensity of six surmner typhoons much influenced by the Subtropical High are simulated and the results are compared. It is shown that the improvement in track simulation in the new scheme is more significant than that in the traditional scheme. Moreover, the periods for which the track cannot be simulated well by the traditional scheme can be improved with the new scheme. The results also reveal that although the simulated typhoon intensity in the new scheme is generally weaker than that in the traditional scheme, this trend enables the new scheme to simulate, in the later period, closer-to-observation intensity than the traditional scheme. However, despite the fact that the observed intensity has been largely weakened, the simulated intensity at later periods of the BDA schemes is still very intensive, resulting in overly development of the typhoon during the simulation. The limitation to the simulation effect of the BDA scheme due to this condition needs to be further studied.展开更多
The seismic loading on saturated soil deposits induces a decrease in effective stress and a rearrangement of the soil-particle structure, which may both lead to a degradation in undrained stiffness and strength of soi...The seismic loading on saturated soil deposits induces a decrease in effective stress and a rearrangement of the soil-particle structure, which may both lead to a degradation in undrained stiffness and strength of soils. Only the effective stress influence on small strain shear modulus Gmax is considered in seismic response analysis nowadays, and the cyclic shearing induced fabric changes of the soil-particle structure are neglected. In this paper, undrained cyclic triaxial tests were conducted on saturated sands with the shear wave velocity measured by bender element, to study the influences of seismic loading on Gmax. And Gmax of samples without cyclic loading effects was also investigated for comparison. The test results indicated that Gmax under cyclic loading effects is lower than that without such effects at the same effective stress, and also well correlated with the effective stress variation. Hence it is necessary to reinvestigate the determination of Gmax in seismic response analysis carefully to predict the ground responses during earthquake more reasonably.展开更多
In historically, culturally, and technically variable media constellations, various forms of media activism, media education, and learning design have been developed. As to media activism, there is a broad spectrum, i...In historically, culturally, and technically variable media constellations, various forms of media activism, media education, and learning design have been developed. As to media activism, there is a broad spectrum, including graffiti, radio activism, community media, visual activism, tactical media （Garcia ＆ Lovink, 1997）, and more recently, media interventions questioning the workings of biopower （Da Costa ＆ Philip, 2008）. On the other hand, debates on media competency and media literacy have been going on for a few decades. Although media have also been conceptualized as media of resistance or critique in informal contexts as well as in formal education, lively exchanges of concepts and ideas are comparatively seldom in respective traditions. The paper aims at exploring challenges for media education and interfaces between both fields.展开更多
Saturated vapor pressure was calculated from the nucleation experimental data using the thermodynamically consistent nucleation theory in which the effect of real gas is considered. The cubic polynomial fit equations ...Saturated vapor pressure was calculated from the nucleation experimental data using the thermodynamically consistent nucleation theory in which the effect of real gas is considered. The cubic polynomial fit equations of saturation pressure for several substances were obtained based on the calculation. The results of the calculations were compared to those of thermodynamic equilibrium equation and the empirical equation and applied to the predictions of the classical nucleation theory. The results show that the saturation pressures estimated from the nucleation data agree fairly well with those of empirical equations for the substances investigated, and this indicates that the predictions from the classical nucleation theory are close to the experimental data.展开更多
Expanded bed adsorption(EBA),a promising and practical separation technique,has been widely studied in the past two decades.The development of adsorbents for EBA process is a challenging course,with the special design...Expanded bed adsorption(EBA),a promising and practical separation technique,has been widely studied in the past two decades.The development of adsorbents for EBA process is a challenging course,with the special design and preparation according to the target molecules and specific expanded bed systems.Many types of supporting matrices for expanded bed adsorbents have been developed,and their preparation methods are being consummated gradually.These matrices are activated and then coupled with ligands to form functionalized adsorbents,including ion-exchange adsorbents,affinity adsorbents,mixed mode adsorbents,hydrophobic charge induction chromatography adsorbents and others.In this review,the preparation of the matrices for EBA process is summa-rized,and the coupling of ligands to the matrices to prepare functionalized adsorbents is discussed as well.展开更多
This paper （1） discusses how the two indicators used in official statistics of China, namely total investment in fixed assets and the gross fixed capital formation, reflect changes infixed asset investment and their...This paper （1） discusses how the two indicators used in official statistics of China, namely total investment in fixed assets and the gross fixed capital formation, reflect changes infixed asset investment and their relationship, （2） analyzes the growth of fixed asset investment and its contribution to changes of economic growth rate since the reform and opening-up, and （3） explains how fiscal policy impacts the growth of fixed asset investment and analyzes in detail the impacts of the two rounds of contractionary fiscal policy, two rounds of expansionary fiscal policy and one round of neutral fiscal policy on China＇ s fixed asset investment growth since reform and opening-up using full and accurate data. Practice shows that the impact of fiscal policy on China＇ s fixed asset investment is direct and obvious, yet sometimes too drastic. In the future, fiscal policy should be used in alignment with other economic policies with appropriate intensity and timing so that it will help stabilize the growth of fixed asset investment.展开更多
Modern opticai theory has shown that the far field or Fraunbofer diffraction equipment is identical to the Fourier spectral analyzer. In the Fourier speetral analyzer the Fourier spectra or the Fraunhofer diffaction p...Modern opticai theory has shown that the far field or Fraunbofer diffraction equipment is identical to the Fourier spectral analyzer. In the Fourier speetral analyzer the Fourier spectra or the Fraunhofer diffaction pattern of a graph is formed on the back focal plane when a laser beam is directed on the graph lying on the front foeal plane ; the Fourier spectra of the graph is also subjected to change during the deformation of the graph. Through analyzing the change of Fourier spectra the deformation of the graph can be obtained. A few years ago,based on the above principles the authors proposed a new technique of strain measurement by laser spectral analysis. Demonstration and discussion will be made in detail in this paper.展开更多
文摘目的：探讨用球囊扩张和支架植入术（Carotid angioplasty and stenting，CAS）治疗高危颈动脉狭窄患者的疗效和并发症。方法：从2003年3月到2006年4月对8例高危的颈动脉狭窄患者进行CAS治疗，观察CAS的疗效和并发症。结果：对8例症状性颈动脉狭窄患者的9根颈动脉进行了CAS治疗。CAS术后9根颈动脉的平均狭窄率从75．49／5显著减少到28．89／5（P〈0．001，配对t检验）。所有的患者都使用了脑保护装置。全部使用自膨式支架，其中大部分是Precise镍钛合金支架（77．8％）。术中5例患者发生了一过性心率减慢和血压下降。经过21．5±14．2（4～41）月的随访，所有患者没有再发卒中，除1例患者仍有轻度头晕外，其余患者头晕、眩晕症状全部消失。6例（75％）患者通过颈动脉超声和／或CTA随访发现支架通畅，无再狭窄。结论：采用脑保护装置的CAS是治疗高危颈动脉狭窄的安全可行的方法，但其疗效和安全性需要作进一步观察。
基金Natural Science Foundation of China (10871099 40805046+2 种基金 40830958)Specialized Projects of Public Welfare Industry (Meteorological Sector) (GYH(QX)2007-6-15)973 Program of National Key Foundamental Research and Development (2009CB421502)
文摘Axisymmetric bogus vortexes at sea level are usually used in the traditional bogus data assimilation （BDA） scheme. In the traditional scheme, the vortex could not accurately describe the specific characteristics of a typhoon, and the evolving real typhoon is forced to unreasonably adapt to this changeless vortex. For this reason, an asymmetrical typhoon bogus method with information blended from the analysis and the observation is put forward in this paper, in which the impact of the Subtropical High is also taken into consideration. With the fifth-generation Penn State/NCAR Mesoscale Model （MM5） and its adjoint model, a four-dimensional variational data assimilation （4D-Var） technique is employed to build a dynamic asymmetrical BDA scheme to assimilate different asymmetrical bogus vortexes at different time. The track and intensity of six surmner typhoons much influenced by the Subtropical High are simulated and the results are compared. It is shown that the improvement in track simulation in the new scheme is more significant than that in the traditional scheme. Moreover, the periods for which the track cannot be simulated well by the traditional scheme can be improved with the new scheme. The results also reveal that although the simulated typhoon intensity in the new scheme is generally weaker than that in the traditional scheme, this trend enables the new scheme to simulate, in the later period, closer-to-observation intensity than the traditional scheme. However, despite the fact that the observed intensity has been largely weakened, the simulated intensity at later periods of the BDA schemes is still very intensive, resulting in overly development of the typhoon during the simulation. The limitation to the simulation effect of the BDA scheme due to this condition needs to be further studied.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation ofChina (No. 10372089) and Provincial Department of EducationZhejiang Province (No. 20010572) China
文摘The seismic loading on saturated soil deposits induces a decrease in effective stress and a rearrangement of the soil-particle structure, which may both lead to a degradation in undrained stiffness and strength of soils. Only the effective stress influence on small strain shear modulus Gmax is considered in seismic response analysis nowadays, and the cyclic shearing induced fabric changes of the soil-particle structure are neglected. In this paper, undrained cyclic triaxial tests were conducted on saturated sands with the shear wave velocity measured by bender element, to study the influences of seismic loading on Gmax. And Gmax of samples without cyclic loading effects was also investigated for comparison. The test results indicated that Gmax under cyclic loading effects is lower than that without such effects at the same effective stress, and also well correlated with the effective stress variation. Hence it is necessary to reinvestigate the determination of Gmax in seismic response analysis carefully to predict the ground responses during earthquake more reasonably.
文摘In historically, culturally, and technically variable media constellations, various forms of media activism, media education, and learning design have been developed. As to media activism, there is a broad spectrum, including graffiti, radio activism, community media, visual activism, tactical media （Garcia ＆ Lovink, 1997）, and more recently, media interventions questioning the workings of biopower （Da Costa ＆ Philip, 2008）. On the other hand, debates on media competency and media literacy have been going on for a few decades. Although media have also been conceptualized as media of resistance or critique in informal contexts as well as in formal education, lively exchanges of concepts and ideas are comparatively seldom in respective traditions. The paper aims at exploring challenges for media education and interfaces between both fields.
基金Ⅵ. ACKN0WLEDGMENTS This work was supported Science Foundation of China by the National Natural （No.10272099）.
文摘Saturated vapor pressure was calculated from the nucleation experimental data using the thermodynamically consistent nucleation theory in which the effect of real gas is considered. The cubic polynomial fit equations of saturation pressure for several substances were obtained based on the calculation. The results of the calculations were compared to those of thermodynamic equilibrium equation and the empirical equation and applied to the predictions of the classical nucleation theory. The results show that the saturation pressures estimated from the nucleation data agree fairly well with those of empirical equations for the substances investigated, and this indicates that the predictions from the classical nucleation theory are close to the experimental data.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （20876139, 20776129） and the National Basic Research Program of China （2007CB707805）.
文摘Expanded bed adsorption(EBA),a promising and practical separation technique,has been widely studied in the past two decades.The development of adsorbents for EBA process is a challenging course,with the special design and preparation according to the target molecules and specific expanded bed systems.Many types of supporting matrices for expanded bed adsorbents have been developed,and their preparation methods are being consummated gradually.These matrices are activated and then coupled with ligands to form functionalized adsorbents,including ion-exchange adsorbents,affinity adsorbents,mixed mode adsorbents,hydrophobic charge induction chromatography adsorbents and others.In this review,the preparation of the matrices for EBA process is summa-rized,and the coupling of ligands to the matrices to prepare functionalized adsorbents is discussed as well.
文摘This paper （1） discusses how the two indicators used in official statistics of China, namely total investment in fixed assets and the gross fixed capital formation, reflect changes infixed asset investment and their relationship, （2） analyzes the growth of fixed asset investment and its contribution to changes of economic growth rate since the reform and opening-up, and （3） explains how fiscal policy impacts the growth of fixed asset investment and analyzes in detail the impacts of the two rounds of contractionary fiscal policy, two rounds of expansionary fiscal policy and one round of neutral fiscal policy on China＇ s fixed asset investment growth since reform and opening-up using full and accurate data. Practice shows that the impact of fiscal policy on China＇ s fixed asset investment is direct and obvious, yet sometimes too drastic. In the future, fiscal policy should be used in alignment with other economic policies with appropriate intensity and timing so that it will help stabilize the growth of fixed asset investment.
文摘Modern opticai theory has shown that the far field or Fraunbofer diffraction equipment is identical to the Fourier spectral analyzer. In the Fourier speetral analyzer the Fourier spectra or the Fraunhofer diffaction pattern of a graph is formed on the back focal plane when a laser beam is directed on the graph lying on the front foeal plane ; the Fourier spectra of the graph is also subjected to change during the deformation of the graph. Through analyzing the change of Fourier spectra the deformation of the graph can be obtained. A few years ago,based on the above principles the authors proposed a new technique of strain measurement by laser spectral analysis. Demonstration and discussion will be made in detail in this paper.
